2021中考英语考点专项复习-专题四-介词.docx

2021中考英语考点专项复习 专题四 介词

2021中考英语考点专项复习 专题四 介词

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介词​
本章节内容：
1. 常用介词及其词组的主要用法和意义；
2. 常用动词、形容词与介词、副词的固定搭配及其意义。
3. 并列连词and, but, or, so等的主要用法；
4. 常用的从属连词的基本用法

1介词的用法介词的功能

介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：
The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)
The girl will be back in two hours.  (状语)
Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)
Help yourself to some fish.   (宾语补足语)

常用介词的用法辨析
（1）表时间的介词
1）at, in on
表示时间点用at。例如：at six o’clock, at noon, at midnight。表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上时，用in。例如：in the nineteenth century, in 2002, in may, in winter, in the morning, in the afternoon等。表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上时，用on。例如：on Monday, on July 1st, on Sunday morning等。

2）  since, after
由since和after 引导的词组都可表示从过去某一点开始的时段，但since词组表示的时段一直延续到说话的时刻，因而往往要与现在完成时连用。而after词组所表示的时段纯系过去，因而要与一般过去时连用。例如：
I haven’t heard from him since last summer.
After five days the boy came back.

3）  in, after
in与将来时态连用时，表示“过多长时间以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段时间的词语。After与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。After与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。例如：
He will be back in two months.
He will arrive after four o’clock.
He returned after a month.

（2）表示地点的介词
1）at, in, on
at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。例如：
He arrived in Shanghai yesterday.
They arrived at a small village before dark.
There is a big hole in the wall.
The teacher put up a picture on the wall.

2）over, above, on
over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。 above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。例如：
There is a bridge over the river.
We flew above the clouds.
They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.

3） across, through
across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Throgh的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。例如：
The dog ran across the grass.
The boy swam across the river.
They walked through the forest.
I pushed through the crowds.

4) in front of, in the front of
in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内。例如：
There are some tall trees in front of the building.
The teacher is sitting in the front of the classroom.

介词的固定搭配
介词往往同其他词类形成了固定搭配关系。记住这种固定搭配关系，才能正确使用介词。
（1）介词与动词的搭配
listen to , laugh at, get to, look for wait for, hear from, turn on, turn off, worry about, think of, look after, spend…on…, 等。
（2）介词与名词的搭配
on time, in time, by bus, on foot, with pleasure, on one’s way to, in trouble, at breakfast, at the end of, in the end等。
（3）介词与形容词的搭配
be late for, be afraid of, be good at, be interested in, be angry with, be full of, be sorry for等。

【实例解析】
1. ---When will Mr Black come to Beijing?
  ---___________ September 5.
  A. On  B. To  C. At  D. In
  答案：A。表示时间的介词的用法。表示某一天用介词on。
2.The boys felt sad as they lost ________ the girls in the talk show.
  A. by  B. in  C. to  D. on
答案：C。该题考查的是介词和动词的固定搭配。lose表示输给谁的时候用介词to。应选C。

【中考演练】
一、单项填空
1. We traveled overnight to Paris and arrived _______ 5 o’clock ______ the morning.
    A. on; in  B. at; in  C. at; on  D. in; on
2. Where’s Lily? We are all here _______ her.
    A. beside  B. about  C. except  D. with
3. She sent her friend a postcard _______ a birthday present.
    A. on  B. as  C. for  D. of
4. Jack has studied Chinese in this school _______ the year of 2000.
    A. since  B. in  C. on  D. by
5. ---What is a writing brush, do you know?
    ---It’s _______ writing and drawing.
    A. with  B. to  C. for  D. by
6. English is widely used ______ travellers and business people all over the world.
    A. to  B. for  C. as  D. by
7. ______ the help of my teacher, I caught up with the other students.
    A. Under  B. In  C. With  D. On
8. Hong Kong is ______ the south of China, and Macao is ______ the west of Hong Kong.
    A. in; to  B. to; to  C. to; in  D. in; in
9. ---You’d better not go out now. It’s raining.
    ---It doesn’t matter. My new coat can keep ______ rain.
    A. in  B. of  C. with  D. off
10. Japan lies ______ the east of China.
    A. to  B. in  C. about  D. at

二、用适当的介词填空
1. ---How are you going to the train station to meet your aunt?
    ---I’m going there _______ my car.
2. Mum, today is Mother’s Day. Mike and I want to invite you to have dinner _____ us at Zhonglou Restaurant.
3. Hangzhou is famous ______ the West Lake.
4. Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures ______ a camera.
5. Could you tell me if there is a flight to the capital ______ March, 25th?
6. We all agree ______ you. Let’s start at once.
7. There is a big shop ______ the other side of the road.
8. ---Which necklace have you lost?
    ---The one you gave me _____ my birthday.
9. You should take more exercise. It’s good ______ your health.
10. It is clear that fish cannot live _______ water.

【练习答案】
一. 1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.C 
    6.D 7.C 8.A 9.D 10.A
二. 1.in 2.with 3.for 4.like 5.on 
    6.with 7.on 8.for 9.for 10.without