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1、专业外文翻译题 目基于J2EE在分布式环境下的底层结构的自动动态配置的应用 系 (院)专 业班 级学生姓名学 号指导教师职 称滨州学院教务处二一年三月一日滨州学院本科毕业设计(专业外文翻译)Infrastructure for Automatic Dynamic Deployment Of J2EE Application in Distributed EnvironmentsAnatoly Akkerman, Alexander Totok, and Vijay Karamcheti1. IntroductionIn recent years, we have seen a signific
2、ant growth in component-based enterprise application development. These applications are typically deployed on company Intranets or on the Internet and are characterized by high transaction volume, large numbers of users and wide area access. Traditionally they are deployed in a central location, us
3、ing server clustering with load balancing (horizontal partitioning) to sustain user load. However, horizontal partitioning has been shown very efficient only in reducing application-related overheads of user-perceived response times, without having much effect on network-induced latencies. Vertical
4、partitioning (e.g., running web tier and business tier in separate VMs) has been used for fault isolation and load balancing but it is sometimes impractical due to significant run-time overheads (even if one would keep the tiers on a fast local-area network) related to heavy use of remote invocation
5、s. Recent work in the context of J2EE component based applications has shown viability of vertical partitioning in wide-area networks without incurring the aforementioned overheads. The key conclusions from that study can be summarized as follows: Using properly designed applications, vertical distr
6、ibution across wide-area networks improves user-perceived latencies. Wide-area vertical layering requires replication of application components and maintaining consistency between replicas. Additional replicas may be deployed dynamically to handle new requests. Different replicas may, in fact, be di
7、fferent implementations of the same component based on usage (read-only, read-write). New request paths may reuse components from previously deployed paths.Applying intelligent monitoring and AI planning techniques in conjunction with the conclusions of that study, we see a potential for dynamic ada
8、ptation in industry-standard J2EE component-based applications in wide area networksThrough deployment of additional application components dynamically based on active monitoring. However, in order to achieve such dynamic adaptation, we need an infrastructure for automating J2EE application deployme
9、nt in such an environment. This need is quite evident to anyone who has ever tried deploying a J2EE application even on a single application server, which is a task that involves a great deal of configuration of both the system services and application components. For example one has to set up JDBC
10、data sources, messaging destinations and other resource adapters before application components can be configured and deployed. In a wide area deployment that spans multiple server nodes, this proves even more complex, since more system services that facilitate inter-node communications need to be co
11、nfigured and started and a variety of configuration data, like IP addresses, port numbers, JNDI names and others have to be consistently maintained in various configuration files on multiple nodes.This distributed deployment infrastructure must be able to: address inter-component connectivity specif
12、ication and define its effects on component configuration and deployment, address application component dependencies on application server services, their configuration and deployment, provide simple but expressive abstractions to control adaptation through dynamic deployment and undeployment of com
13、ponents, enable reuse of services and components to maintain efficient use of network nodes resources, provide these facilities without incurring significant additional design effort on behalf of application programmers.In this paper we propose the infrastructure for automatic dynamic deployment of
14、J2EE applications, which addresses all of the aforementioned issues. The infrastructure defines architecture description languages (ADL) for component and link description and assembly. The Component Description Language is used to describe application components and links. It provides clear separat
15、ion of application components from system components. A flexible type system is used to define compatibility of component ports and links. A declaration and expression language for configurable component properties allows for specification of inter-component dependencies and propagation of propertie
16、s between components. The Component (Replica) Assembly Language allows for assembly of replicas of previously defined components into application paths by connecting appropriate ports via link replicas and specifying the mapping of these component replicas onto target application server nodes. The C
17、omponent Configuration Process evaluates an application paths correctness, identifies the dependenciesof application components on system components, and configures component replicas for deployment. An attempt is made to match and reuse any previously deployed replicas in the new path based on thei
18、r configurations. We implement the infrastructure as a part of the JBoss open source Java application server and test it on several technology sample J2EE applications Java Pets tore, Rubies and TPC-W-NYU . The infrastructure implementation utilizes the JBosss extendable micro-kernel architecture, b
19、ased on the JMX specification. Componentized architecture of JBoss allows incremental service deployments depending on the needs of deployed applications. We believe that dynamic reconfiguration of application servers through dynamic deployment and undeployment of system services is essential to bui
20、lding a resource-efficient framework for dynamic distributed deployment of J2EE applications. The rest of the paper is organized as follows. Section 2 provides necessary background for understanding the specifics of the J2EE component technology which are relevant to this study. Section 3 gives a ge
21、neral description of the infrastructure architecture, while section 4 goes deeper in describing particularly important and interesting internal mechanisms of the infrastructure. Section 5 describes the implementation of the framework, and related work is discussed in section 6.2. J2EE Background2.1
22、IntroductionComponent frameworks.A component framework is a middleware system that supports applications consisting of components conforming to certain standards. Application components are “plugged” into the component framework, which establishes their environmental conditions and regulates the int
23、eractions between them. This is usually done through containers, component holders, which also provide commonly required support for naming, security, transactions, and persistence. Component frameworks provide an integrated environment for component execution, as a result significantly reduce the e
24、ffort .it takes to design, implement, deploy, and maintain applications. Current day industry component framework standards are represented by Object Management Groups CORBA Component Model, Sun Microsystems Java 2 Platform Enterprise Edition (J2EE) and Microsofts .NET, with J2EE being currently the
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