一般过去时现在完成时区别及练习题.doc

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精诚教育——专注于中学生的教育
现在完成时与一般过去的区别
1.两个时态的侧重点不同
现在完成时强调的是过去的动作对现在的影响，它和现在有密切的联系。
一般过去时强调的是动作发生的时间、地点，不涉及对现在的影响。

She has seen the film before. 她看过这部电影。（强调她已经看过了）
She saw the film last night. 她昨晚看了这部电影。（强调时间是昨晚）
Mr Green has bought a new computer. 格林先生买了一台新电脑。(强调格林先生现在有了一台新电脑)
Mr Green bought a new computer yesterday. 格林先生昨天买了一台新电脑。(强调买新电脑的时间是昨天)

2.两个时态的时间状语不同。
现在完成时常与already，yet，just，ever，never，before等副词以及“for+一段时间”，“since+过去时间/从句”等时间状语连用。不能单独与表示过去的时间状语连用。
一般过去时则常与“一段时间+ago”，just now，yesterday，last week等表示过去时间的状语连用。

Mike has lived in Beijing for 5 years. 麦克在北京住了五年了。（强调已经住了五年）
Mike lived in Beijing 5 years ago. 五年前麦克住在北京。（强调时间点是五年前）
Lucy has just called you. 露西刚打过电话给你。（强调已经打过电话了）
Lucy called you just now. 露西刚才给你打了电话。（强调打电话的时间是刚刚）

注意点：
现在完成时的常用句型
1. It is the first / second time…. that…结构中的从句部分用现在完成时.
It was the second time that the girl had been late. 这是女孩第二次迟到了。
It is the first time that I have visited the Great Wall. 这是我第一次游览长城。

2.This is the… that…结构,that从句要用现在完成时.
This is the best film that I've (ever) seen. 这是我看过的最好的电影。
This is the first time (that) I've obtained a scholarship. 这是我第一次获得奖学金。

练习题
1. A. 用 already或 yet
　　1) Have they taken down the old pictures ______? No, they haven’t_____.
　　2) Most of us have finished our compositions _____.
　　3) He said he hadn’t visited the exhibition _______.
B.用 since或 for
　　1) We have learned five lessons _______ the beginning of this term.
　　2) Mrs Liao has been in hospital ______ last week.
　　3) I have stayed at my aunt’s ______two weeks.
C. 用have gone或 have been
　　1) Where are the boy students? They _________ to the school factory.
　　2)— Is your father in? No, he ________ to Shenzhen. _________ he ever __________ there before ?
— Yes, he __________ there several times
　　3) He asked me if I________ to Hangzhou before.
　　 I told him that I wanted to go there for a visit as I ______ never ______ to that city before.
2. 选择填空
　　1. Mother _______ me a new coat yesterday. I _______ it on. It fits me well.
　　 A. had made…have tried 　 B. made…have tried
　　 C. has made…tried　　　　 D. made…tried
　　2 “He _______to draw horses already”. “When ________ he ?” “Last year”.
　　 A. learned…has 　 B. learned…did 　 C. has learned…has　 D. has learned…did
　　3. Tom _____up into the tree. Look, he ______ high up there !
　　 A. has got…is 　 B. has climbed…was　 C. got …was　　 D. climbed…is
　　4. ____ you _____ the text yet ? Yes, we _______ it two hours ago.
　　 A. Did…copy…did　 B. Have…copied…have C. Have…copied…did D. Did …copy…had
　　5. “Why ______ she _______ angry ?” “Because he _____ at her just now .”
　　 A. did…get…shouted 　　 B. has…got…shouted
C. did…get…has shouted 　 D. has…got…has shouted
　　6. ______you _____ the film before ? Where _____ you ____ it ?
　　 A. Have …seen…did…see　　 B. Did …see…did…watch
D. Have…seen…have…seen　　 D. Did …see…have…seen
　　7.You ____ me waiting for two hours. I ____ for you since five.
　　 A. kept…waited　　 B. have kept…waited C. kept…have waited　 D. have kept…have waited
　　8.Where ______ John _______ ? To the library. He _________ there for an hour.
　　 A.has…been…has gone　 B. has…gone…has been 　C. did…go…went　 D. did…be…went
　　9.______ the baby still _____ ? No, it _______ crying.
　　 A. Has…cried…has stopped　　 B. Is…crying…stopped
C. Did …cry…stopped 　 D. Is…crying…has stopped
10. I _______ the way. I ________ here for quite many years.
　　 A. knew…have lived 　B. knew…live　 C. know…have lived 　 D. know…live
　　11. _____ you ever _____ America ? Yes, I have.
　　 A. Have…gone to 　B. Have…gone in 　 C. Have…been to 　D. Have …been in
　　12. My brother ____ college for over three years.
　　 A. has gone to　 B. has been to　 C. has been in　 D. has been at
　　13.He ________ the Army by the end of 1989. He ______ in the army since then.
　　 A. joined…is　　 B. has joined…has been 　　C. had joined…is　　D. had joined …has been
　　14. By the time I _____ back they ____ up ten satellites.
　　 A. came…have sent　 B. came…had sent　 C. come…have sent　 D. had come…sent
　　15. Jack ____ over five lessons by seven o’clock. Then he ____ a rest.
　　 A. went…took　 B. went…had taken 　 C. had gone…took 　D. had gone…had taken
　　16. We ____ out by that time that he ____ a spy for a long time.
　　 A. had found…had been 　B. had found…was 　C. found…had been 　D. found…was
　　17. Before the news ____ him, he ____ to know about it.
　　 A. reaches…has got　 B. reached…had got　 C. reached…got D. had reached…got
　　18. I _____ him a second letter before I ____ from him.
　　 A. wrote…heard B. wrote…had heard C. had written…heard D. have written…hear
　　19. People ____ that the soldiers _____ fighting.
　　 A. say…had stopped 　B. said…has stopped 　C. say…stopped 　D. said…had stopped
　　20. We ____ in a good harvest because we ____ enough rain.
　　 A. didn’t get…had had　　B. got…had had　　C. had got…had had D. got…hadn’t had
　　21. They _______ for five hours when they ______ in New York.
　　 A. flew…arrived 　　B. had flown…had arrived C. flew…had arrived 　 D. had flown…arrived
　　22. She ____ that it _____ for two days by that day.
　　 A. says…has rained 　　B. says…had rained 　 C. said…had rained 　　D. said…rained
　　23. John _____ there since the year before, so he _____ them.
　　 A. had worked…knew 　　 B. had worked…had known
D. worked…knew 　　　　 D. worked…had known
24. He _____ angry because he ____ for a long time.
　　 A. had got…had waited 　 B. got…waited 　C. had got…waited 　 D. got…had waited
　　25. — I have seen the film “Titanic” already.
　　　 — When __________ you __________ it？
　　　　— The day before yesterday.
　　 A. have；seen　　 B. will；see　　 C. did；see　　 D. did；seen
　　26. Mr Black __________ in China since five years ago.
　　 A. lived　 　B. has lived　　 C. lives　　 D. is going to live
　　27. We ____________ trees last Sunday. So far we __________ over 3，000 trees there.
　　 A. planted； planted　　　　 B. planted； have planted
　　 C. have planted； planted　　 D. have planted； have planted

练习答案：
　　1.A. 1) yet, yet　　 2) already　　　　　　　3) yet
　　　B. 1) since　　　　　　 2) since　　　　　　　　3) since
　　　C. 1) have been　　　　 2) has gone, Has, been, has been　　　 3) have been, have been
　　2. BDACA　　 ADBDC　　 CDDBC　　 ABCDB　　 DCADC　　 BB