研究生英语阅读教程(基础级)第三版-课后习题答案-Lesson-1.doc

Unit One
World English: A Blessing or a Curse (p7)

1. There has been much opposition from social groups, B from the farming community.
A. straightforwardly(直接地) B. notably（显著地，尤其）
C. virtually（事实上） D. exceptionally（例外地）
译文：社会团体，尤其是农业团体，对此有许多反对意见。
2. The A view in Britain and other Western countries associates aging with decline, dependency, isolation, and often poverty.
A. predominant（占支配地位的） B. credulous（轻信的）
C. inclusive（包含的） D. sustainable（可持续的）
译文：英国和其他西方国家的主流观点认为，老龄化意味着衰落、依赖、孤立，而且往往是贫穷。
3. But gifts such as these cannot be awarded to everybody, either by judges or by the most D of governments.
A. tough（困难的） B. demanding（苛求的）
C. diverse（不同的） D. benign（有利的；善良的）
译文：但是，这样的礼物不可能由法官或最仁慈的政府颁发给所有人。
4. The foreman read the C of guilty fourteen times, one for each defendant.
A. prejudice（偏见） B. verification（政审）
C. verdict（判断；裁决） D. punishment（惩罚）
译文：陪审团念了十四遍有罪判决，为每位被告都念了一遍。
5. They fear it could have a(n) B effect on global financial markets.
A. sizeable（相当大的） B. adverse（不利的）
C. benefical（有利的） D. consequential（重要的）
译文：他们担心这会对全球金融市场产生不良影响。
6. The UN threatened to D economic sanctions if the talks were broken off.
A. engage（吸引；使订婚） B. pursue（继续）
C. abandon（抛弃） D. invoke（诉诸）
译文：如果谈判破裂，联合国威胁要诉诸经济制裁。
7. There are at least four crucial differences between the new A and the old government.
A. regime（政权） B. hegemony（霸权）
C. complex（情节） D. federation（联合；联邦）
译文：新政权和旧政府之间至少有四个关键的区别。
8. These questions B a challenge to established attitude of superiority toward the outside world.
A. evolve（发展；进化） B. constitute（形成；等同于）
C. tolerate（忍受） D. aroused（引起）
译文：这些问题构成了对既定的对外优越态度的挑战。
9. Because of this, a strong administrative A was needed to plan the use of scarce resources, organize production and regulate distribution.
A. apparatus（组织机构） B. constitution（宪法）
C. insistence（坚持；强调） D. promotion（提升）
译文：因此，需要一个强有力的行政机构来规划稀少资源的使用、组织生产和管制分配。
10. I learnt that there are no genuinely C animals in this area, all the animals were brought here from other places.
A. endangered（濒于灭绝的） B. domesticated（驯养）
C. indigenous（土生土长的） D. extinct（灭绝的；绝种的）
译文：我了解到这个地区没有真正的土生土长的动物，所有的动物都是从其他地方带来的。

point up（强调） by and large（总的来说） take in（吸收，吸纳） descent（血统） for good or ill（无论好坏） leave aside（搁置） crystal clear（显而易见的） die out（灭绝） endanger（危害）
lay...at the door of（归咎于）
1. The book concludes with a review of the possible impact of more intimate computers, for good or ill in various areas of human life.
译文：这本书的结尾回顾了更亲密的电脑可能带来的影响，无论是好是坏，在人类生活的各个领域。
2. Moreover, it had become clear from the opinion polls that the unpopularity of the new tax was being laid at the door of the government which had introduced it, rather than the local authorities who were responsible for levying and collecting it.
译文：此外，从民意调查中可以清楚地看出，新税不受欢迎的原因是推行新税的政府，而不是负责征收和征收新税的地方当局。
3. This case gave the example of breaking someone's arm: that is a really serious injury, but one which is unlikely to endanger the victim's life.
译文：这个案例给出了打断别人胳膊的例子:这是一个非常严重的伤害，但不太可能危及受害者的生命。
4. Many of those who hold it live in poor areas and some are Colored, that is, of mixed
European and African descent .
译文：许多持有它的人生活在贫困地区，一些是有色人种，即欧洲和非洲混血。
5. This debate is important because it points up that "the facts" are not necessarily as simple and straightforward as they might at first sight seem.
译文：这场辩论之所以重要，是因为它指出，“事实”不一定像乍一看那么简单明了。
6. In the beginning, the meaning of life might be debated, but once past the first period, many of the conversations follow a well-worn route from one topic to the next and back again, taking in most of human life.
译文：一开始，人们可能会争论生命的意义，但一旦过了第一阶段，许多对话就会沿着一条老生常谈的路线从一个话题转到另一个话题，然后再转回来，占据人类生活的大部分时间。
7. But since agriculture forms the basis of our industry, it was, by and large , also an intensification of the crisis in the national economy in general.
译文：但是，由于农业是我们工业的基础，总的来说，它也加剧了整个国民经济的危机。
8. Let us leave aside other relevant factors such as education, career structure, pay and conditions of service and concentrate on manpower management.
译文：让我们把教育、职业结构、薪酬和服务条件等其他相关因素放在一边，集中精力进行人力管理。
9. It is true that the exact nature of this issue is uncertain. However, one thing is crystal clear .it will not endanger the planet and its inhabitants.
译文：的确，这个问题的确切性质是不确定的。然而，有一件事是非常清楚的，那就是它不会危及地球及其居民。
10. But if animal populations are too small, then they simply die out .
译文：但是如果动物数量太少，它们就会灭绝。

1. For English is a killer. It is English that has killed off Cumbric, Cornish, Norn and Manx.
There are still parts of these islands where sizeable communities speak languages that were there before English. Yet English is everywhere in everyday use and understood by all or virtually all, constituting such a threat to the three remaining Celtic languages, Irish, Scottish Gaelic, and Welsh...that their long-term future must be considered...very greatly at risk.
因为英语是个杀手。正是英语造成了康瑞克、康尼施、诺恩、曼科斯等语言的消亡。在其中一部分岛上还有相当多的人使用在英语到来之前就已存在的语言。然而，英语在日常生活中无处不在。所有的人或几乎所有的人都懂英语。英语对现存的凯尔特语——爱尔兰语、苏格兰盖尔语及威尔士语的威胁是如此之大，它们的未来岌岌可危。
2. He also associated such policies with a prejudice which he calls linguicism (a condition
parallel to racism and sexism).As Phillipson sees it, leading institutions and individuals within the predominantly "white" English-speaking world, have (by design or default)encouraged or at least tolerated-and certainly have not opposed-the hegemonic spread of English, a spread which began some three centuries ago as economic and colonial expansion.
同时，他认为这些政策和他称之为语言歧视（和种族歧视、性别歧视的情况类似）的偏见密切相关。在菲利普森看来，在以白人英语为主导的世界，最重要的机构和个人（有意或无意地）鼓励或者至少是容忍了（肯定没有反对）英语霸权主义式的传播。这种传播始于三个世纪之前的经济及殖民扩张。
3 By and large, we now view them as more or less benign, and often talk with admiration
and appreciation about the cultures associated with them and what they have given to the world. And it is fairly safe to do this, because none of them now poses much of a threat.
总的来说，我们现在或多或少地把这些语言看作有利的语言。在谈到与之相关的文化及其为世界所做的贡献时，我们常怀有崇敬与赞赏，而且这样做也没有太大的风险，因为这些语言现在已不会构成什么威胁。
4. Yet many people see English as a blessing. Let me leave aside here the obvious advantages possessed by any world language, such as a large communicative network, a strong literary and media complex, and a powerful cultural and educational apparatus.
然而，许多人把英语看成是一件幸事。在此，我暂且不谈任何世界语言所具有的明显优势，例如广泛的通信网，强大的文化传媒体系，及强有力的文化教育机构。
5. English-speaking South Africans of British descent were not particularly strong in opposing the apartheid regime, and the black opposition, whose members had many languages, was at first weak and disorganized.
讲英语的南非英国后裔并不强烈反对种族隔离政权，而黑人反对力量，其成员讲多种语言，在初期软弱无力且缺乏组织。
6. Such symbolism suggests that the users of the world's lingua franca should seek to benefit as fully as possible from the blessing and as far as possible avoid invoking the curse.
这一象征表明这种世界通用语的使用者应充分发掘这一幸事为我们带来的好处,同时尽能避免招来灾难。