2018版新目标八年级英语下册单元知识点归纳.doc

2017年春人教版八年级英语下册知识点Unit 1. whats the matter?一重点短语归纳1. foot-feet脚 tooth-teeth牙齿2. have a cold感冒 3. have a stomachache胃疼 4. have a sore back背疼5. have a sore throat喉咙疼 6. have a fever发烧7. lie down and (have a)rest躺下休息 have a rest休息8. hot tea with honey加蜜的热茶 9. see a dentist看牙医 see a doctor 看医生10.drink lots of water多喝水 11.lots of,a lot of, 许多。大量 a lota lot of=lots of，可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词，一般用在肯定句中。：There are lots of （ a lot of） books in our library. There is a lot of water on the ground a lot,是一个副词词组，跟动词连用；表示十分，很等意思； Thanks a lot.12. have a toothache牙疼 13. Thats a good idea好主意14. go to bed去睡觉 go to bed early 早上床睡觉 15. feel well感到好feel ill感到不舒服I dont feel well= Im not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.16. start doing/ to do sth开始做某事to do 是一件事情完成了，开始做另外一件事情doing是原来的那件事情做到一半，现在又开始做了，是同一件事情。17. two days ago两天前 18. get some rest多休息, 休息一会儿19. I think so我认为是这样 20. be thirsty口渴 21. be hungry饥饿22. be stressed out紧张 23. listen to music听音乐24. healthy lifestyle健康的生活方式 25. traditional Chinese doctors传统中医26. need to do sth需要做某事I have a toothache. I need to see a dentist.我牙痛,我需要去看牙医.We need to keep our classroom clean.我们需要保持教室的干净.27. too much +不可数名词太多的much too +形/副实在太极其，非常too many +可数名词复数太多的28.be good for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有益 ，对什么有好处be bad for sth./ doing sth. 对什么有害be good to 对好be good at =do well in 在方面好，擅长begood(bad)for、begoodat的相关用法1.be good for 对.有益Doing morning exercises is good for your health.做早操对你们的建康有益。2.be good at 擅长于.Li Ping is good at basketball.李平擅长于篮球。= Li Ping is good at playing basketball.李平擅长于打篮球。be good at = do well in 如：Im good at math. = I do well in math.我擅长于数学。3.be good to 对.好Parents are always good to their children.父母亲总是对他们的孩子好。29.get good grades 取得好成绩30.angry 用法 be angry with sb生某人的气I wasangrywith him for keeping me waiting.我对他很生气，因为他让我等了好久。 be angry at/ about sth就某事生气31.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。Its important to do sth . 做某事很重要。32.balanced diet平衡饮食33.get tired感到疲倦 be/get tired 34.stay healthy保持健康 =keep healthy=keep in good health35.He shouldnt eat anything=He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西. 36.give sb some advice给某人建议give advice 提出建议advice 是不可数名词a piece of advice 一则建议 take ones advice 采纳或听从某人的建议He gave me some goodadvice.他向我提了一些很好的意见。49.sleep 8 hours a night每晚睡眠八小时， get enough sleep 得到充足的睡眠50.take medicine 吃药 服药I have to take medicine three times a day for my cold.因为感冒，我不得不一天吃三次药。二 固定结构Its +形容词 + for sb. + to do sth.做某事对某人来说是的。Its important to do sth .做某事很重要。Its important for me to eat a balanced diet.平衡饮食对我来说是很重要的.Its easy to do sth做某事是容易的。Its easy for us to find out the answer.找出答案对我们来说是容易的三重点句子1.Whats the matter ? Whats the mater with you ? 你怎么啦？=Whats the trouble with you?=Whats wrong with you?I have a cold / have a sore back / have a stomachache2.Thats too bad. You should / shouldnt那太糟糕了.你应该/不该You should lie down and rest / drink hot tea with honey / see a dentist / see a doctor . He shouldnt eat anything = He should eat nothing.他不应当吃任何东西. 3.Im not felling well . 这里well表示身体状况，不能用good代替I dont feel well= Im not feeling well 我感觉不舒服.4.When did it start ? About two days ago . 什么时候开始的？大约两天前5.I hope you fell better soon . 我希望你很快好起来这里better是well的比较级10.Its easy to have a healthy lifestyle ,and its important to eat a balanced diet . 有一个健康的生活方式很容易，饮食平衡是很重要的。 Its easy to do sth . 做某事容易 / Its important to do sth . 做某事重要四知识结构.情态动词should的用法should是情态动词，它的基本用法是必须和其他动词一起构成谓语。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，意为应该.。should（应当，应该）用于所有人称，表示劝告或建议。eg. You should wait a little more.你应该再多等一会儿。- I have a very bad cold.我感冒很厉害。- You should lie down and have a rest.你应该躺下，多喝水。maybe与maybe1.maybe是副词，译为“也许、可能”，相当于“perhaps”。如：Maybe he can answer the question.也许他能回答那个问题。He maybe is from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。2.may be中的may为情态动词，译为“可能是.”。如：He may be from the USA, too. 他可能也来自美国。She may be our English teacher.她可能是我们的英语老师 few、a few、little、a little的区别和联系： 1.few / a few用来修饰可数名词，few表示否定意义，没有，几乎没有；a few表示有肯定意思， 有几个。 例如： He has few friends here, he feels lonely. 他这里没朋友，他感觉寂寞。 There are a few eggs in the basket.篮子里有几个鸡蛋。 2.little / a little用来修饰不可数名词，little表示否定意思，没有，几乎没有。 a little 表示肯定意思，有一点儿。 例如： There is little ink in my bottle, can you give me a little ink? 我的瓶子里没有墨水了，你能给我点儿墨水吗？ 3 notuntil 直到 (否定句) 才，动词为短暂性或瞬间性动词 She didnt leave until we came.He went shopping after he got up. =He didnt go shopping until /before he got up. until/till 直到 （肯定句）动词为延续性动词 We stayed here till/until 12 oclock.Unit 2 Ill help clean the city parks.一知识点： 短语动词小结常见短语动词结构有下面几种： 1.动词+副词 如：give up 放弃 turn off 关掉 stay up 熬夜 这种结构有时相当于及物动词，如果其宾语是代词，就必须放在动词和副词之间，如果是名词，则既可插在动词和副词之间，也可放在短语动词后。2. 动词+介词 如：listen of 听 look at 看 belong to 属于 这种结构相当于及物动词，后面跟宾语。3. 动词+副词+介词 如：come up with 提出，想出 run out of 用完，耗尽4. 动词+名词(介词) 如：take part in参加 catch hold of 抓住1.cheer (sb.) up 使(某人)高兴、振作 如：cheer me up 使我高兴 clean up 打扫 clean-up n. 打扫 2. homeless adj. 无家可归的 a homeless boy 一个无家可归的男孩home n. 家 4. sick adj. 生病的 作表语、定语 ill adj. 生病的 作表语 ，不能作定语5. volunteer to do v. 志愿效劳、主动贡献 volunteer n. 志愿者 6. come up with 提出 想出 = think up 想出 catch up with 赶上 追上7. put off doing 推迟做某事 put on 穿上 (指过程) put up 张贴8. write down 写下 记下 9. call up 打电话 make a telephone call 打电话10. set up 成立 建立 The new hospital was set up in 2000. 这座医院是在2000年成立的。11. each 每个 各自的 强调第一个人或事物的个别情况 常与of 连用 every 每个 每一个的 一切的 则有“全体”的意思不能与of 连用12. put to use 把 投入使用，利用 They put the new machine to use. 他们把新机器投入使用13. help sb. (to) do 帮助某人做某事 help him (to) study help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事 help him with English help do 帮助做某事 help study 14. plan to do 计划做某事 plan + 从句 I plan to go to Beijing. = I plan (that) I will go to Beijing. 我计划去北京。15. spend doing 花费做 I spent a day visiting Beijing. 我花了一天的时间去参观北京。 spend on sth. 花费在 I spent 3 years on English. 16. join 参加 (指参加团体、组织) 如：join the Party 入党 take part in 参加 (指参加活动) 如： take part in sports meeting 参加运动会17. run out 与 run out of run out (become used up). 其主语往往为物。如时间，食物，金钱，油等，本身就含有被动意义。 His money soon ran out. 他的钱很快就花光了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。 run out of 主语为人，表示主动含义。 He is always running out of money before pay day. 他总是在发工资的日子还没有到就把钱花完了。 两者在一定条件下可以互换 如：The petrol is running out. 汽油快用完了= We are running out of petrol. 我们快把汽油用完了。 Our time is running out. 我们剩下的时间不多了。= We are running out of time18. take after (在外貌、性格等方面)与(父母等)相像 be similar to 与.相像 take after 相像 look after 照顾 take care of 照顾19. work out v. + adj. 结局，结果为 The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 他提出的这个策略效果很好。 算出，制订出，消耗完（精力等） He never seems to be worked out. 他好像永远不会疲乏似的。 He worked out a plan. 他制订了一个计划。 I have worked out our total expenses. 我已经算出了我们总的费用。21. hang out 闲荡 闲逛 I like to hang out at mall with my friends. 我喜欢和我的朋友一起去购物中心闲荡。22. be able to do 能 会 be unable to do 不能 不会 23. thank you for doing 谢谢做某事 如： thank you for helping me 谢谢做帮助我24. for sure 确实如此，毫无疑问 You dont have money. Thats for sure. 你没有钱，这是毫无疑问的。25. fill with 使充满 用填充 She filled the bowl with water. 她用水填满碗。26. hand out 分发 hand out bananas give out 分发 give out sth to sb. 分.给某人 give up doing 放弃 give up smoking 放弃吸烟 give away 赠送 捐赠 give away sth. to . give away money to kids give sb. sth. 给某人某东西 give me money 给我钱 give sth. to sb. 给某人某东西 give money to me 给我线27. help sb. out 帮助做事，解决难题(摆脱困境) I cant work out this math problem. Please help me out. 我不能算出这道数学问题，请你帮我解决。28. train n. 火车 train v. 训练 train sb. to do. 训练某人做某事 She trains her dog to fetch things. 她训练她的狗去取东西。29. at once = right away 立刻 马上 如： Do it at once. 马上去做。 Ill go there at once/ right away. 我马上去那里。30. one day 有一天 (指将来/过去) some day 有一天(指将来) 如： One day I went to Beijing. 有一天我去了北京。Some day Ill go to Beijing. 有一天我将去北京。34. disabled adj. 肢体有残疾的 disable v. 不能36. volunteer 可数名词 “志愿者” adj. 自愿的 vi. volunteer to do sthThey are the Chinese Peoples Volunteers. 他们是中国人民志愿军。I volunteer to help you. 我自愿帮助你。二句子1We cant put off making a plan. Clean-up Day is only two weeks from now. 我们不能推迟制订计划，清洁日离现在只有两周了。2She puts this love to good use by working in the after-school care centre at her local elementary school. 她在当地的一所小学的课后辅导中心工作，使这个爱好得到较好的利用3Not only do I feel good about helping other people, but I get to spend time doing what I love to do. 帮助别人不但自己感到快乐，而且我开始花时间做自己喜欢做的事了。4The three students plan to set up a student volunteer project at heir school. 这三个学生计划在他们校开展一个学生志愿者项目。5.He also put up some sign asking for old bikes.他还贴了一些需求旧自行车的告。6.The strategies that he came up with worked out fine. 几米想出的这个办法很效。8We need to come up with a plan. 我们需要指定一个计划。9You could help clean up the city parks. 你可以帮助打扫城市公园。10He now has sixteen bikes to fix up and give away to children who dont have bikes. 他现在有16辆要修理的自行车，并准备把这些修好的自行车赠送给那些没有自行车的孩子。Unit 3 Could you please clean your room?一重要词组及短语1. could you please do sth.? 你能吗？/ 请你干好吗？ 2. do the chores 做杂务3. do the dishes 洗餐具 4. sweep the floor 清扫地板 5. take out the trash 倒垃圾6. make ones bed 铺床 7. fold ones clothes 叠衣服 8. clean the living room 清扫客厅9. stay out late 晚归 10. come over 过来 11. have a test 考试12. get a ride 搭车 13. use ones computer 使用某人的电脑14. hate sth. / hate to do sth. / hate doing sth. 讨厌某事/做某事15. do the laundry = do some washing = wash clothes 洗衣服17. wash the car 刷车16. make breakfast / make dinner = do some cooking 做饭18. work on 从事，忙于 work at 学习、致力于、在上下工夫19. borrow some money 借一些钱 borrow sth. from sb. 向某人借某物(借入) lend sb. sth.= lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物(借出) You can borrow some money from your brother. 你可以向你哥哥借些钱。 Can you lend me your bike?你能借给我你的自行车吗？20. invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 They invited me to join their club. 他们邀请我参加俱乐部。 invite sb to a place邀请某人去某地 invite you to my party21. go to the store 去商店22. agree sb. to do sth. 同意某人做某事 agree with sb. 同意某人的意见 disagree sb. to do sth. 不同意某人做某事 disagree with sb. 不同意某人的意见23. take care of = look after 照顾、照看、照料 take good care of = look after well 把照管得好26. take sb. for a walk 带某人去散步27. play with sb. 和某人玩28. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth. 忘记做过某事(做过)（2）关于 to 的短语总结： have to do sth.不得不，必须做某事 need to do sth.需要做某事 hate to do sth. 讨厌做某事 like to do sth. 喜欢做某事 want to do sth. 想做某事 love to do sth. 热爱做某事 forget to do sth. 忘记做某事 start to do sth. 开始做某事 begin to do sth. 开始做某事 ask sb to do sth. 请某人做某事二重点句型1. Could you please clean your room? Yes, sure. / Sorry, I cant. I have to do my homework first.2. Could I please use the car? Sure. / Certainly. / Of course./No, you cant. I have to go out. 在表示请求帮助或请求允许的疑问句中，常用 could 代替 can，以表示礼貌，委婉或不确定的语气，而 can 则不具备这些语气。这种情况下不能把 could 看作 can 的过去式。以上两句中用 could 是为了表示礼貌的请求。表示请求帮助或请求允许时，除了 can, could 之外，还可以用 may，句子的表达方式也各有不同，可以用不同的方式来表示同一个概念。例： Could / Can / May I use your car for a day? 作允答可以各种各样： 如同意可以说 Yes，或 Sure 或 Certainly，还可说 Yes, (do) please. 或 Of course. (you may / can). 或 Thats OK / all right. 如果不同意，可以说 Im sorry you cant. 或 Im really sorry, but I have to use it today. 要避免说 No, you cant. 这样显得很不礼貌。否定回答通常用委婉语气。Unit4.Why dont you talk to your parents?一、重点短语 1. have free time有空闲时间 2. allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事3. hang out with sb. 与某人闲逛 4. after-school classes课外活动课5. get into a fight with sb. 与某人吵架/打架 6. until midnight直到半夜7. talk to sb. 与某人交谈 8. too many太多9. study too much学得过多 10. get enough sleep有足够的睡眠11. write sb. a letter给某人写信 12. call sb. up打电话给某人13. surprise sb. 令某人惊讶 14. look through翻看15. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 16. a big deal重要的事17. work out成功地发展;解决 18. get on with和睦相处；关系良:19. fight a lot经常吵架/打架 20. hang over笼罩21. refuse to do sth. 拒绝做某事 22. offer to do sth. 主动提出做某事23. so that以便 24. mind sb. doing sth. 介意某人做某事25. all the time一直 26. in future今后27. make sb. angry使某人生气 28. worry about sth. 担心某事29. copy one s homework抄袭某人的作业 30. be oneself做自己31. family members 家庭成员 32. spend time alone独自消磨时光33. give sb. pressure给某人施压 34. have a fight with sb. 与某人吵架35. compete with sb. 与某人竞争 36. free time activities业余活动37. get better grades取得更好的成绩 38. give one s opinion提出某人的观点39. learn exam skills学习应试技巧 40. practice sports体育训练41. cause stress造成压力 42. cut out删除一. 重要词汇和句型1. get ( 1 ) 买 get sth. for sb. = get sb. sth. 为某人买某物 Can you get some fruit for me when you go shopping ? = Can you get me some fruit when you go shopping ?( 2 ) 得到, 到达 Where did you get the book ? When did you get the letter ? He got home late last night .(3) 使, 让 get + 宾语 + 宾补 使某人 某物 怎么样 Please get you coat clean . Get your mouth closed . get sb. to do sth. 使某人 某物做某事 I got him to call Jim yesterday .(4) ( 逐渐) 变得The weather gets warmer and days get longer . Why did the teacher get angry ? 2. how about what about 后跟名词 代词 动词ing形式。( 1) 向对方提出建议或请求 How about going out for a walk ?How about something to eat ? (2) 向对方征求意见或看法 How about the TV play ? How about buying the house now ?( 3 ) 询问天气或身体情况 How about the weather in Hainan Island ? How about your parents ? Are they living with you ?( 4 ) 谈话中承接上下文 Im forty years old . How about you ? Im from Beijing . How about you ?3. receive 收到 The girl was happy to receive many gifts on her birthday . receive a letter from = get a letter from = heard from收到某人的信 I received a letter from my parents last Sunday . = I got a letter from my parents last Sunday . = I heard from my parents last Sunday . accept 接受 He couldnt accept our suggestions but our gifts . She was very glad to receive the invitation . He didnt receive a good education at university . I received an invitation to the party , but I refused to accept it . 4. a 6-year old child 一个六岁的孩子6-year old 是由 “数词 +名词 + 形容词 ” 构成的复合形容词, 作前置定语, 修饰后面的名词child . 数词+名词+形容词 构成的复合形容词，中间的名词要用单数形式：a five-year-old girl 一个五岁的女孩 a two-meter-long