Classification.ppt

Division and ClassificationDivision and ClassificationUnit Objective At the end of the unit you will1.become familiar with features and organizational patterns of classification in paragraph writing;2.know how to use relevant words or expressions in classification;3.be able to write paragraphs of classification according to the instructions given;and4.gain some knowledge about educational issues discussed in this unit.Warm-up activitiesTalk about different kinds of books in your university library.Put down what you know in the following box.Discuss what you have written down and try to make it as exclusive as possible.On the basis of group discussion,reorganize the information in the following table.According to Different kinds of books .分类必须有明确的识别标准（criterion），而且在阐述时要首先阐明这个标准，后面扩展的部分才能清晰明了，有所遵循。可用下面简单方式表达识别标准：X may be classified according to the criterion into.DifferencesDivision to deal with one thing;to separate the whole into parts.Emphasize on distinctions or differences.Classificationto organize things that share certain qualities;to group things systematically.Emphasize on similarities.The two are interrelated and often used together.RomanceMoviesComedyActionHorrorAnimationClassification(归类法）Division(分类法）Orchestra 管弦乐队管弦乐队Strings弦乐器弦乐器 Woodwinds笛子类乐器笛子类乐器 Brass铜管乐器铜管乐器 Percussion打击乐器打击乐器 In life,you can always find examples of classification and division.Food,drinks,clothes,animals,plants,people,teachers,students,books,industrial enterprises can all be classified in various ways for ease of understanding.Classification and division,thus,clarify the subject under discussion.In this unit,we are going to study how to write paragraphs of classification.Paragraphs developed by division and classification Sample 1 In my experience I find that studying can be divided into three phasesno matter what is being studied.In the first phase,you are very interested in the new subject.You are willing to study and everything about the subject is appealing and mysterious.But after exploring the subject for a considerable amount of time,the second phase comes along.The subject you have been learning seems a little boring,and sometimes you have the idea to give up.As difficulties appear,if you can handle them it will be exciting,but most of the time you confront failure;it is disappointing and upsetting,and you may think there is no hope in studying this subject.If you really do give up,everything is over.But if you can hold on,the situation will change.In the third phase,you have gained a thorough understanding of the subject,and you can find a genuine interest in it.Now you like the subject not because of your impulse,but because of the real value of it.Sample 2 There are basically two types of families:nuclear families and extended families.The nuclear family usually consists of two parents(mother and father)and their children.The mother and father form the nucleus,or center,of the nuclear family.The children stay in the nuclear family until they grow up and marry.Then they form new nuclear families.The extended family is very large.There are often many nuclear families in one extended family.An extended family includes children,parents,grandparents,uncles,aunts,and cousins.The members of an extended family are related by blood(grandparents,parents,children,brothers,sisters,etc.)or by marriage(husbands,wives,mothers-in-law,etc.).They are all related,so the members of an extended family are called relatives.在这个段落中，第一句为主题句，点明了段落的主题：家庭可分为两种类型，即核心型家庭和扩展型家庭。接着分别阐述了这两种家庭的构成和特点。The pattern of a paragraph of classification A paragraph of classification usually consists of a topic sentence,a body,and a concluding sentence.The topic sentence has a clear subject and indicates the number of categories into which you are going to classify the subject.The body explains each category one by one in a logical order.The concluding sentence brings readers attention back to the topic.Principles of Classification and DivisionIn writing a paragraph of classification,we must follow the principles of classification.1.Select one appropriate principle as the basis of each classification according to your purpose of writing,and stick to it within the whole paragraph.2.Make your classification logically distinct from each other,avoiding overlapping.3.Do not omit any important categories.The classification should be exhaustive.Practice:Look at the following outlines,and determine whether they are appropriately classified.1.Subject:moviesClassification:action comedy romance horror 2.Subject:friends Classification:new friends old friends life-long friends female friendsSubject:newspapersClassification:wrapping garbage making paper planes reading editorialSubject:college classes Classification:enjoy tolerate morning dislikeUseful words and expressions that indicate classificationfall into,fit into be divided into,be classified into,be grouped into,be categorized intobe divisible into,be classifiable intoaccording to different kinds of,various kinds of There are principally two kinds of.There are,broadly speaking,two basic types of.X can be categorized into.X may be classified according to/on the basis of/depending on.The classification is based upon/on.The first/second type/kind.The last category,.X may be divided/sub-divided/further sub-divided into.