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ch07---ionic-bonding.ppt
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1、New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 11Chapter 7Ionic Bonding7.1 Ionic Bonds:Donating and Accepting Electrons7.2 Energetics of Formation of Ionic Compounds7.3 Stoichiometry of Ionic Compounds7.4 Ionic Crystals7.5 Ionic RadiiNew Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 12Ionic BondingWhen a p
2、iece of sodium metal is allowed to react with a jar of chlorine gas.+e-e-e-e-Chapter 7 Ionic Bonding(SB p.180)1:1 ratio of Na+and Cl-New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 13Formation of ionic bond between sodium atom and chlorine atomNaClSodium atom Na1s22s22p6Chlorine atom Cl1s22s22p63s23p5C
3、hapter 7 Ionic Bonding(SB p.180)New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 14NaCl+-Sodium ion Na+1s22s22p6Chloride ion Cl-1s22s22p63s23p6linked up together by ionic bondFormation of ionic bond between sodium atom and chlorine atomChapter 7 Ionic Bonding(SB p.180)New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-L
4、evel Book 15Ionic Bonds:Donating and Accepting Electrons7.1 Ionic Bonds:Donating and Accepting Electrons(SB p.181)New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 16Donating and Accepting ElectronsIonic bonds are the strong non-directional electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged io
5、ns.7.1 Ionic Bonds:Donating and Accepting Electrons(SB p.181)New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 17Donating and Accepting Electrons+Internuclear distance7.1 Ionic Bonds:Donating and Accepting Electrons(SB p.181)New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 18+Internuclear distanceCationic ra
6、dius(r+)+Anionic radius(r-)Internuclear distance =r+r-7.1 Ionic Bonds:Donating and Accepting Electrons(SB p.181)Donating and Accepting ElectronsNew Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 197.1 Ionic Bonds:Donating and Accepting Electrons(SB p.182)Electron transfer from a magnesium atom to two chlo
7、rine atomsElectron transfer from two lithium atoms to an oxygen atom.New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 110 Energetics of Formation of Ionic CompoundNa(s)+Cl2(g)NaCl(s)macroscopic levelActually passing through many steps at the molecular levelmicroscopic level7.2 Energetics of Formation of
8、 Ionic Compounds(SB p.183)HfNew Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 111The enthalpy change when one mole of gaseous atoms is formed from its elements in the defined physical state under standard conditions.Questions:Why are the changes endothermic?What type of bond is broken in each case?7.2 En
9、ergetics of Formation of Ionic Compounds(SB p.184)Na(s)Na(g)H atom Na(s)=+109 kJ mol-11/2 Cl2(g)Cl(g)H atom 1/2Cl2(g)=+121 kJ mol-1Standard Enthalpy Change of Atomization(H atom)New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 112The amount of energy required to remove one mole of valence electrons from
10、 one mole of atoms or ions in the gaseous state.Questions:Why are the changes endothermic?7.2 Energetics of Formation of Ionic Compounds(SB p.184)Ionization Enthalpy(H I.E.)Na(g)Na+(g)+e-H I.E Na(g)=+494 kJ mol-1Mg(g)Mg+(g)+e-H I.E Mg(g)=+736 kJ mol-1Mg+(g)Mg2+(g)+e-H I.E Na(g)=+1 450 kJ mol-1New Wa
11、y Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 113The energy change when one mole of electrons is added to one mole of atoms or ions in the gaseous state.Questions:Why may E.A.have-ve or+ve values?7.2 Energetics of Formation of Ionic Compounds(SB p.185)Electron Affinity(H E.A.)First electron affinityO(g)+e-
12、O-(g)H E.A O(g)=-142 kJ mol-1 Second electron affinityO-(g)+e-O2-(g)H E.A O(g)=-844 kJ mol-1 New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 114The energy change when one mole of an ionic crystal is formed from its constituent ions in the gaseous state under standard conditions+7.2 Energetics of Format
13、ion of Ionic Compounds(SB p.185)Lattice Enthalpy(H L.E.)Na+(g)+Cl-(g)NaCl(s)H lattice Na+Cl-(s)New Way Chemistry for Hong Kong A-Level Book 115+Questions:Why cant L.E.be determined directly from experiments?L.E.can be determined indirectly by either:(1)calculations basing on the knowledge of electro
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