花岗岩板材加工项目可行性研究报告2.doc

temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. Lesson68 Persistent 纠缠不休I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.Hullo, Bert, I said. Fancy meeting you here !Hullo, Elizabeth, Bert answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning-until I saw you. Youre not busy doing anything, are you ? No, not at all, I answered. Im going to. .Would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before I had finished speaking. Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist. Then Ill come with you, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 But not murder! 并非谋杀！I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want the car to be stopped immediately. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 Red for danger 危险的红色During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.Lesson71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! Lesson72 A car called Bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. Following his fathers footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolms son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.Lesson73 The record-holder 纪录保持者Little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch- hiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitch-hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Lesson74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.This is a wonderful place for a picnic, said Gloria Gleam. It couldnt be better, Gloria, Brinksley Meers agreed. No newspaper men, no film fans! Why dont we come more often ? Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: Im sheriff here. Do you see that notice ? It says No Camping-in case you cant read ! Look, sheriff, said Rockwall, dont be too hard on us. Im Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves. Oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. Well, Im Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !lesson75 SOS 呼救信号When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.Lesson76 April Fools Day 愚人节To end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April 1st. We are now returning you to the studio.Lesson77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation. Lesson78 The last one? 最后一枝吗？After reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times! Lesson79 By air 乘飞机I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents, used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An airhostess would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly花岗岩板材加工项目可行性研究报告第一章 总论 1.1.项目名称及承办单位 1.1.1项目名称：花岗岩板材加工 1.1.2建设地点：岳阳市君山区许市镇 1.2可行性研究报告编制依据 1.2.1可行性研究报告依据君山区企字(2010)*号 1.2.2根据个人有关考察调研等基础材料。 1.3概述 1.3.1市场需求与产品销售许市镇，位于湖南省北部，是湘、鄂两省交界处的一颗闪亮明珠，地处一湖（洞庭湖）两原（江汉平原、洞庭湖平原）三省（湘、鄂、赣）七线（京广铁路、武广高铁、京珠高速、107国道、岳常高速、荆岳铁路、长江）等多元交汇点上，是武汉和长沙之间重要的连通道。交通极其便利、区域辐射性极强。改革开放以来，原有的经济发展潜能和对外开放的区位优势得到了发挥，在吸引外资、引进技术方面占有得天独厚的有利条件。许市镇有此区域仅有的号称45里的桃花山，风光优美，花岗岩石材和高岭土资源丰富。根据相关资料，花岗岩储量约为9亿方，开采规模极大。桃花山的岩性主要为（片麻状）二云母二长花岗岩，sio2含量71.75%73.81%，属弱过铝质高钾钙碱性系列。加工出来的花岗岩板材主要为9402型号，是很好的建筑与装饰材料。目前，当地已有局部开发，产品远销海内外，但由于尚未形成产业规模，市场混乱，尚未有知名品牌。在世界性资源紧缺的今天，石材加工、尤其是石板材行业，是我国山区主要的产业之一。引进先进石材加工生产线，开发高光泽度规格石板材不仅体现了竞争优势，减小石材资源消耗，延长人类使用时间，对人类拓展生存空间、保持可持续性发展具有极大意义。 132产品方案与生产规模 本项目生产规模为年加工生产花岗岩板材5000方。项目建成后，可根据市场不同需求调整产品的品种规格，以优质的产品满足市场对不同档次不同品种的需求。 133生产方法 本项目选用福建生产的成套生产线设备，进行荒料吊装-锯割-冲洗检验-粗磨-细磨-精磨-抛光-切断修补-检验包装等生产程序，采用机械操作并辅以手工操作， 项目生产工艺技术完全达到国内先进水平。 134厂址选择 本项目厂址初步拟定于许市镇仰山村，距石材原料产地10km，远离居民区，水、电、交通便利，附近便是省道1804线，离岳常高速公路入口2km，离荆岳铁路许市站1.5km，厂址地理位置优越。加工厂用地主要为农田，采用临时租地解决。 135主要原料及水电供应 项目建成生产需要的原料全由桃花山采石场提供，水、电充足便利。厂址附近有条小河，常年有流水。点从附近变电站引出，需新架电线500米。 1.36环境保护本项目加工生产污染物主要是风尘和废水，风尘可在生产设备中自行除灭，废水采用沉淀池沉淀后循环使用。 137全厂定员 本项目全厂定员10人，初步确定生产技术人员和管理销售人员以及从当地富余劳动力中择优录用的职工，全部经岗前培训后取得上岗证方许可上岗。 138总投资及资金来源 a项目总投资160万元，其中固定资产投资135万元，铺底流资25万元。 b资金来源，企业采用股份制形式自筹项目资金120万元，申请扶持资金40万元。 139项目实施进度建议 本项目从项目批准后，资金到位可用7个月时间建成投产。 131 0经济效益主要指标 本项目实施后年销售收入可达600万元，年利润总额可达120万元以上。 1311社会效益 本项目的实施完全符合许市镇开发花岗岩产业，促进经济发展的总体规划，是一项通过花岗岩深加工使农产品成倍增值，增加收入的好项目。一名话是富县利民的发展之路，是一个发财致富的好项目，因此，社会效益是可观的。 14结论 本项目利用当地优势资源进行花岗岩深加工，提高了原材料的附加值，起到了增加县域财政收入和增加农民收入，促进经济发展的作用，既符合困家产业政策又实现了县委、县政府的整体发展规划。鉴于项目原材料供应保证，建设条件优越，工艺技术成熟，选配设备先进，生产规模适当，产品销售良好，市场需求量大。因此，本项目投资指标良好，企业风险较小，经济效益显著，社会效益可观。第二章 项目背景与发展概况21产品方案与建设规模2.1.1 产品方案：石板材2.1.2建设规模：年加工5000方石板材。 2.1.3生产能力：石板材 2方/h2.1.4年工作小时数：310天/年 2500小时2.2 花岗岩石板材生产方法一、花岗岩原料特点：花岗岩是饰面石材的商品分类名称，并非岩石学定义。花岗岩是天然石材，一般指具有装饰功能、结构致密、质地坚硬、性能稳定、可加工成所需形状的各种岩浆岩、火山岩和部分深变质岩类岩石。常见的岩石有花岗岩、凝灰岩、闪长岩、安山岩、辉长岩、辉绿岩、蛇纹岩、玄武岩等。花岗岩主要用于建筑材料，常用于建筑物、构筑物的砌筑，建筑物的装饰，筑路；在化工、轻工领域用于制做各种耐腐蚀管、槽、容器；在环境保护领域用于废气、废液处理设备；在精密仪器制造领域用于制造测量仪具。花岗岩以其硬度高、耐磨损、耐腐蚀、具有装饰性为特点，在建筑业、建筑装饰业倍受欢迎。高级建筑物使用花岗岩作室内外装饰，在世界上已成一种时尚。花岗岩不仅可以使建筑物美观、耐用，而且已成为可以大宗出口换汇的商品。在中国花岗岩建筑板材已经连续多年成为建材行业出口换汇最多的商品。二、花岗岩矿物组成及主要特征花岗岩的矿物成分及矿石特征直接关系到其可加工性的难易、使用性能和装饰效果。9402型号是一种比较好的花岗岩板材，具有花纹美观、硬度高、密度大、易加工等特点。三 、花岗岩的化学及物理性能各品种花岗岩的物理化学性质随岩性不同而异，同岩性而产于不同矿床的矿石也有所变化。花岗岩的化学成分对其利用有一定影响，特别是用于耐酸或耐碱更应注意，此外对花岗岩的可加工性、抗风化耐腐蚀性的评价有一定意义。四、花岗岩的工业技术要求对花岗岩的工业技术要求因用途的不同而有不同的侧重。1、对天然花岗岩荒料的主要要求建材行业标准(JC-204-92)对天然花岗岩荒料的主要要求如下： 荒料必须具有直角平行六面体的形状。荒料的大面应与岩石的节理面或花纹走向平行。荒料的规格尺寸要求长度大于或等于140cm，宽度大于或等于60cm，高度大于或等于60cm。外观质量要求同一批荒料的色调、花纹、颗粒结构应基本一致。荒料的缺角、缺棱、裂纹、色线、色斑的质量要求应符合表4.24.6的规定。 物理性能要求：密度不小于2.50g/cm3；吸水率不大于1.0%；干燥压缩强度不小于60.0MPa；弯曲强度不小于8.0MPa。2对耐酸、耐碱花岗岩的质量要求：(1) 耐酸花岗岩的质量要求主要化学成分要求：SiO270%75%，含量越高耐酸性能越 好；Al2O313%15%；Fe2O30.5%；CaO0.8%；MgO0.4%；耐酸度大于97.5%。硬。热阻率(经过1040次热变化后的抗压强度)大于16.2MPa，熔点1 610，膨胀系数小于810-3，吸水率小于1.5%。 (2) 耐碱花岗岩的质量要求 要求CaO、MgO含量高，含量越高耐碱性越好，有些耐酸石材SiO2含量高，但孔隙率小，亦可作为耐碱石材使用。五、花岗岩石板材类制品的加工主要有四种生产线：规格板生产线、薄板生产线、粗面装饰板生产线和异型板生产线。本项目根据目前的市场调查情况，选用规格板生产线。1花岗石规格板加工工艺流程：使用起重机将荒料装上荒料车，由摆渡车送至框架式砂锯工作位置锯割成毛板，再送往研磨、抛光、切断等工序加工成光板，最后经检验包装入库。主要流程：荒料吊装-锯割-冲洗检验-粗磨-细磨-精磨-抛光-切断修补-检验包装 第三章 市场需求预测与建设规模 31市场需求现状 根据市场调查，目前加工厂生产的板材基本处于供不应求状态，各小加工厂均处于超负荷生产状态，销量极好，产品主要销往武汉、长沙、岳阳等地，材质较好的石材更是抢手，远销国外。 32建设规模 根据市场要求，以及企业自身的消化吸收新技术能力，综合考虑企业的营销水平，逐步占领市场的运作方法，建议建设规模拟定为8台组合钢锯产品设备一次到位。第四章 建设条件与厂址 41资源a主要原料 深加工农产品杂粮系列产品是以小麦(麦仁)、玉米(玉面、玉米糁)、绿豆、红豆、白豆(精制豆类、豆面)、谷子(精制小米)等为原料，这些原料在大宁本地都可充足供应，价格适宜。本项目不考虑设立原料基地，每年的需用量为绿豆50吨，红豆50吨，白豆60吨，玉米600吨