非谓语动词学案(很全面).doc
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1、(完整word)非谓语动词学案(很全面)非谓语动词基本概念及用法一、 动词不定式to do 现在分词v-ing 过去分词v-edThinking about these examples:the bridge to be built 将建造的桥, the bridge being built 正在建造的桥,the bridge built已经建好的桥二、谓语与非谓语的比较非谓语动词是汉语中没有的语言现象。汉语中几个谓语动词连用而动词不用作任何形式的变化。如:他明天来拜访你。翻译成英语不是He will come visit you,而是He will come to visit you。这里就
2、用了不定式to visit。因此同学们要特别注意弄清句子的结构.例:Tom sat under a tree and seeing his friend, up in no time.A。 to stand B. standing C. stood D. would stand分析:stood是与sat并列的谓语. 非谓语动词的语法功能所能充当的成分主语表语宾语宾语补足语定语状语Ving形式现在分词动名词不定式(to do)过去分词(done)Exercise:找出“非谓语动词”,并判断作何成分To see is to believe。 Seeing is believing。It is no
3、t an easy thing to master a language.My suggestion is to start work at once。They found it impossible to get everything ready in time。Have you anything to declare?He bought a bicycle to go to town more quickly.Did you see anyone enter the house? He saw his father talking with his teacher. I once hear
4、d him sing this song.The boss made them work from morning till night。 They were made to work from morning till night.The situation is encouraging。 She looked disappointed。They lived in a room facing (= that faced) the south. The house standing (= that stands) at the corner of the street was built in
5、 1955。Is this the book recommended by our teacher? The meeting held last week is very important。The meeting being held is very important。The meeting to be held next week is very important. Please tell me the subjects to be discussed at the next meeting.非谓语形式构成时态语态复合结构否定式主动被动不定式一般式to doto be donefor
6、sb。 to do sth。或of sb。 to do sth.在“to”前加not或never进行式to have doneto have been done完成式to be doing/完成进行式to have been doing/动名词一般式doingbeing donesb。或sbs doing作主语要用sbs doing在前加not特别注意复合结构的否定式: sbs not doingsbs not having done完成式having donehaving been done现在分词与动名词变化形式相同在前加not做宾语的非谓语动词比较情况常用动词只接不定式做宾语的动词hop
7、e, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语mind, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, finish, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, keep, dislike, avoid, risk, resistfeel like, succeed in, be fond of, objec
8、t to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to两者都可以意义基本相同begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue(接不定式多指具体的动作,接动名词多指一般或习惯行为)need, want,
9、require(主语与动名词之间存在逻辑上的动宾关系,接动名词主动形式表示被动意义,若接不定式则应用被动形式)意义相反stop to do 停止手中所做的事,去做另一件事 stop doing 停止正在做的事意义不同remember/forget/regret to do(指动作尚未发生)remember/forget/regret doing(指动作已经发生)go on to do(接着做另外一件事)go on doing(接着做同一件事)try to do(设法,努力去做,尽力)try doing(试试去做,看有何结果)mean to do(打算做,企图做)mean doing (意思是,
10、意味着)cant help (to) do(不能帮忙做)cant help doing(忍不住要做)be considered to have done被认为已经做了considerto be认为是consider doing考虑做某事 一. 作主语表示经常性,常用动名词作主语, 表示某一次,常用动词不定式作主语, 有时为了对称,主语,宾语(或表语)要么都用不定时, 要么都用动名词1. _ is a good form of exercise for both young and old.A. The walk B. Walking C. To walk D。 Walk2. To answer
11、 correctly is more important than _。A。 that you finish quickly B. finishing quickly C。 to finish quickly D。 finish quickly答案:1。B2.C考点1. 动名词的完成式一般不做 主语1) It was _ computer games that cost the boy a lot of time that he ought to have spent on his lessons.(D为什么不行? )A. to have played B. playing C。 played
12、 D。 having played2) _ the homework made his father lose his temper. (但复合结构可以)A. The boys not having done B。 The boy not having done C. The boys having not done D。 The boy having not done答案:1。B2.A二. 作宾语 动词不定式和动名词都可作宾语考点2. 有些动词只能跟不定式作宾语这类及物动词常见的有:agree (同意) , ask (请、要) , attempt (试图) , afford 付得起 agre
13、e 同意 ask 要求apply 申请care (想要) , choose (决定、要) , decide (决定) , desire (希望) , determine (决心) , help 帮助expect (期望) , fail (未能) , hope (希望) , intend (打算) , learn (学习) , manage (设法) , offer (愿意) , plan (计划、打算) , pretend (假装) , refuse (拒绝、谢绝) , wish (希望)等等 promise 答应want 想要 wish 希望考点3. 有些动词只能跟动名词作宾语下列动词习惯上
14、可接动名词作宾语,但不能接不定式作宾语: admit 承认 advise 建议 allow 允许 appreciate 感激avoid 避免 consider 考虑delay 推迟 deny 否认discuss 讨论dislike 不喜欢 enjoy 喜爱 escape 逃脱excuse 原谅 fancy 设想 finish 完成 forbid 禁止forgive 原谅give up 放弃imagine 想像keep 保持mention 提及mind 介意 miss 没赶上pardon 原谅permit 允许 practise 练习prevent 阻止?摇prohibit 禁止put off
15、推迟report 报告 risk 冒险stop 停止suggest 建议understand 理解 feel like想做某事考点4. 有些动词即可跟不定式也可跟动名词,但意思上有差别forget ,remember跟动名词作宾语,记得还是忘了以前做的事.跟不定式,还未作mean to do, 打算作某事;mean doing, 意味着 try to do , 尽力作某事;try doing, 尝试着作某事 want / need/ require doing sth, 表示被动;regret doing sth. 对做过的某事表示后悔;regret to say, 很抱歉的说like/ ha
16、te doing, 经常性的, like/ hate to do, 特定的某一次be/get used to doing 习惯于做某事,used to do 过去经常做某事 be used to do被用来做cant help doing=cant help but do 忍不住做某事 cant help ( to) do 不能帮助做某事stop doing 停止正在做着的某事; stop to do停下来做别的事情go on doing继续做原来做的事 go on to do接着干别的事情forbid/allow doing something; forbid/ allow somebody
17、 to do something考点5. except, but后跟不定式时,如果前面有实意动词do的形式,不用to, 否则要带to1) There is nothing to do except _ till it stops snows。A. to wait B。 waiting C。 wait D。 waits2) Standing on the top of the hill, I would not do anything but _ the flowing of the smog around me. A。 enjoy B. enjoying C. enjoyed D. to en
18、joy答案:1。C2。A三. 作表语考点6. 表示将来某一次时常用动词不定式作表语,表示经常性性时常用动名词作表语 ( 表示某一次,如果主语中有do时,不定式省略to) 1) Her wish is _ an engineer。 A。 becomingB. becomeC。 to becomeD. being come2) Some peoples greatest pleasure is _。 A。 fishingB. to fishC. to be fishingD。 being fish3) What Yang Liwei wanted to do when he got out of
19、the spaceship was _ the joy with all the Chinese. 4) A。 share B. shared C. having shared D. about to share答案:1。C2。A3。A考点7. Remain to be done 还有待于,还要看1) It remains _ whether Jim will be fit enough to play in the finals。A. seen B。 to be seen C。 seeing D. to see2) Having a trip abroad is certainly good
20、 for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B。 to be seen C。 seeing D。 seen答案:1.B2。B四. 作定语现在分词,过去分词,动词不定式都可作定语,作定语时,看与所修饰词之间的关系如果构成主动关系,(表正在进行),用现在分词如果构成被动关系,(已完成),用过去分词表将来具体某一次,用动词不定式: 动名词作定语,表功能, 如 a swimming pool, a swimming fish, 前者为动名词,后者为现在分词五. 作状语非谓语作状语时,要看它同句子
21、主语之间的关系。和句子主语构成主动关系时,用现在分词作状语,如:1) The secretary worked all night long, _ a long speech for the president.A. to prepare B。 preparing C。 prepared D. was preparing和句子主语构成被动关系时,用过去分词作状语,如:2) _ to hospital in time, the wounded soldiers were saved at last.A. Taken B. Taking C。 Having taken D。 Being taken
22、表示“为了,常用不等式作状语,这时,状语动词动作发生时间与句子谓语动作时间相比,是将来,例如:3) _ late in the morning, Bob turned off the alarm.A. To sleep B. Sleeping C。 Sleep D. Having slept分析:例1。 Prepare与work是同时的,又是主动,因此选B例2 和句子主语构成被动关系,因此选A例3 和句子主语构成主动,又有为了之意, 因此选A考点8. 结果状语现在分词作结果状语时, 表示一种自然的结果动词不定时作结果状语, 表示一种出乎意料的结果1) The Space Shuttle Col
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