被动语态各种时态构成表.doc

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被动语态各种时态构成表：

TENSE
主动语态
被动语态
一般现在时
be\do\does
am\is\are+done
一般将来时
will+do
will be +done
现在进行时
am\is\are+doing
am\is\are+being+done
一般过去时
①was\were ②did
was\were+done
现在完成时
have\has+done
have\has+been+done
过去完成时
had+done
had+been+done
过去进行时
was\were+doing
was\were+being+done
情态动词
情态动词+do
情态动词+be+done

一般现、过用be done, be有人称、时、数变
例：１、主动：The children gave the foreign guests a warm welcome.
　　　　被动：The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the children.
　　　　　　　孩子们热烈地欢迎外宾。
　　２、主动：People regard him as brilliant.
　　　　被动：He is regarded as brilliant by people.
人们认为他很有才华。

1、边境发生严重列车事故，二人死亡，十二人受伤。
There was a serious train accident near the border. Two people were killed and twelve were injured.

2、 直言不讳的人才是真正诚实的人。
A person who is truly honest is called a straight arrow.

3、 有人给讲演者递上来一张纸条。
A note was passed up to the speaker.

4、 John被选为班长而代替了亨利。
John was elected president of the class instead of Harry.

5、 这位战士牺牲了，然而列车得救了。
The soldier was killed, but the train was saved.

6、 他被认为很聪明但不诚实。
He was thought to be clever but dishonest.

7、 美国的第一个动物园是1874年建立的。
The first zoological garden in the United States was established in 1874.

8、 多数环境污染问题的存在，是因为过去没有采取适当的保护措施。
Most environmental problems exist because adequate measures for preventing them were not taken in the past.

完成时态have/had done，被动将been加中间。
例：
1、我们已经在夜校里断断续续地学了三年英语了。
主动：We have studied English for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
被动：English has been studied for 3 years off and on at the spare-time school.
(have随新主语变为has)

2、 到去年年底我们已生产出一百台拖拉机。 　　　　　　　
主动: They had produced 100 tractors by the end of last year.
被动: 100 tractors had been produced by the end of last year.

3、到去年年底他们已建造了三艘船。
主动：They had build three ships by last December.
被动： By last December three ships had been built by them.

4、人们把装满垃圾的塑料袋子堆放在街上。
主动：People have piled plastic bags full of rubbish in streets.
被动: Plastic bags full of rubbish have been piled in streets.

5、 他们已提醒我们要注意老鼠。
主动：They have warned us to be careful of rats.
被动：We have been warned to be careful of rats.

练习：
1、 今天是Judy的新婚日，她刚刚和鲍勃结婚。
Today is Judy's wedding, she has just been married to Danel.

2、 演讲委员会已宣布了这些讲演的题目。
The subjects of these lectures have been announced by the lecture committee.

3、 当我回来时，发现我的车被弄走了。我问他们为啥这么于。他们告诉我说因为我把车于停在"禁止停车"的禁区。
My car had been towed away when I came back.

一般将来shall (will) do，被动变do为be done
即由shall do或will do变为shall done或will be done。

例：
1、 过年我市将建立几座大型现代化的发电厂。
主动: We shall build several big modern power plants in our city next year.
被动：Several big modern power plants will be built in our city next year.
(shall do中的shall要随新主语变为will, do为be done.)

2、 过年九月我将送我次子去读书。
王动：I shall send my second boy to school next September.
被动：My second boy will be sent to school next September.

3、 他们将问你许多怪题。
主动：They will ask you a lot of strange questions.
被动: You will be asked a lot of strange questions.

被动句中的by引出的宾语，一般说来，如果是人称代词你、我、他等，均可省略，someone no one不由by来引出。如果是名词不能省略，但当今英语也都可省略了。

1、 中国人民在将来将进行更多的空间探索。
主动：The Chinese people will make more space explorations in the future.
被动：More space explorations will be made in the future by the Chinese people.

2、 通常是昼夜供电，明天白天将停电。
Usually, the electricity is on for 24 hours. But tomorrow it will be cut off in the day time.

3、电池使用一段时间后，应该更换。
After a period of use, the batteries should be changed.

4、这机器不能再用了。
The machine will not be used again。

将来进行无被动：shall（will）be doing
现在完成进行同：have（has）been doing
即将来进行时表示动作在将来某一时刻或某个阶段正在进行；现在完成进行时表示某一行为发生在过去，延续到现在，将续续下去，两种时态不能用被动语态。

1、 今晚你将做什么?（将来进行时)
What will you be doing this evening?

2、 1980年以来，我一直住在鞍山。 (现在完成进行时)
I have been living in Anshan Since 1980．
3、你学英语多久了?(现在完成进行时)
How long have you been studying English?

4、由于大雾，我们已经在机场等了一整天了。 (现在完成进行时)
We have been waiting at the airport all daybecause of the thick fog.

【现、过进行be doing，被动be加being done】
即现在进行时或过去进行时都是be的人称、时和数的形式加doing。而被动态则是be加上being done的形式，being是不变的。现在进行时和过去进行时的被动态是被动态个的重点，容易搞错。例如：
1、工人们正在维修东北工学院主楼。
主动：The workers are repairing the main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute.
被动：The main building of the Northeast Engineering Institute is being repaired by the workers.

2、委员会的委员们正在考虑那个棘手的问题.
The nasty question is being considered by the committee members.

3、 他们在计划修建另一座跨线桥。
The buildong of another fly-over is being planned.

【情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。】
带情态动词和助动词等的被动态如何处理比较复杂。要随新的主语来变化，这些词如can, could；will, would; shall, should; may, might; must; ought to; need需要；have to不得不；be going to; to be to; used to; seem to; happen to等。例如：

1、 我们必须把这个记在心里。
主动: We must keep this in mind.
被动：This must be kept in mind.

2、 我们可以把电冰箱放在那个地方。
主动：We can put the refrigerator in that place. (refrigerator=freezer.)
被动：The refrigerator can be put in that place.

3、 我们不能再用那台洗衣机了。
主动：We shall not use the washing machine again.
被动：The washing machine will not be used again.
原来的谓语shall use被动态中随新主语变为will．

4、 我们将采取更多的措施来防止腐蚀。
主动: We shall take more measures to prevent corrosion.
被动: More measures will be taken to prevent corrosion. (shall变will)

5、 这一切得认真解决。
All this has to be solved with great care.

6、 展览会将明日开放。
The exhibition is to be opened tomorrow.

may加不定式的完成体或完成进行体表示"可能"，主要用于肯定句，决不能用在疑问句中。而can与不定式的完成体或完成进行体连用表示"可能"，只用于否定句和疑问句，不用于肯定句。但如果can或may的过去式即could与might与不定式完成体或完成进行体搭配时，可用于各种结构。肯，否，陈，疑均可。
It can't have been lost in the post, can it?
它不可能在邮局丢失的吧：(反意疑问句)
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前
在否定句的被动态中，否定副词not-定加在第一助动词之后，不放在别的助动词之后。同样在疑问句的被动态中，第一助动词置于主语之前。

例：为什么不采取些措施来结束罢工呢?
Why has(一助) not anything been(二助) done to end the strike?
not必须放在第一助动词has之后，第-助动词has必须放在主语anything之前。决不可写成: why has fot been anything done to end the strike?或why has been not anything done to end the strike?

1、 我们将不在课堂上作练习。
The exercises will not be done in class.

2、用什么别的途径能获得火星的资料呢2
In what other way could(一助) information about Mars be(二助) abtained?

3、 他为何入狱的?
Why had he been imprisoned?

4、 需要告诉他吗?
Need she be told about it?

5、没人刷新你的记录。
Your record has never been equalled.

主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前
凡主语恰好是一个疑问词或由疑问词来修饰主语时，后面要用陈述语序。
例: 卫星上可以扔下何物?
What(主语) could be dropped from a satellite?

1、正在采取什么措施来发展这门新科学?
What measures(主语) are being taken to develop this new science?
2、需要哪种装置来使控制系统简化?
What kind of device(主语) is needed to make the control system simple?

3、采取了什么措施来改进这些技术的?
what has been done to improve the techniques?

应指出的是有的学生把We study diligently和She could see herself clearly in the mirror.都硬行变成被动了, 殊不知不及物动词通常是没有被动态的。关于不及物动词．反身代词动词，同源宾语动词．系词．感官使役动词，短语动词的被动态。

【有些动词可以带双宾语】
在用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语前通常加上介词for/to
★在记者招待会上人们问了他很多问题
He was asked a number of questions at the press conference.

★他们在幼儿园被教给很多东西。
They are taught a lot of things in the kindergartens.

★作为生日礼物他收到了一个新MP4。
A new MP4 was given to him as birthday present/gift.

He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.

He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.

My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.

【特别提醒】
有些动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾补，但改为被动结构后要加上“to”。例如
We heard him sing in his room just now.
---He was heard to sing in his room just now.
刚才听到他在房间中唱歌。
make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something

see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something

The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.

【不用被动语态的情况】

　1) 不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear, die disappear, end (vi. 结束), fail, happen, last, lie, remain, sit, spread, stand
break out, come true, fall asleep, keep silence, lose heart, take place.
　After the fire, very little remained of my house.

　比较： rise, fall, happen是不及物动词；raise, seat是及物动词。

　(错) The price has been risen.
　(对) The price has risen.
　(错) The accident was happened last week.　　　
　(对) The accident happened last week.
　(错) The price has raised.　　　　　　　　　　
　(对) The price has been raised.
　(错) Please seat.　　　　　　　　　　　　　　
　(对) Please be seated.
　　要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。

　 2) 不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit, have, hold, marry, own, wish, cost, notice, watch agree with, arrive at / in, shake hands with, succeed in, suffer from, happen to, take part in, walk into, belong to

　This key just fits the lock.
　Your story agrees with what had already been heard.

　 3) 系动词无被动语态：
appear, be become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, look, remain, seem, smell, sound, stay, taste, turn
　　 It sounds good.

　 4) 带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：
die, death, dream, live, life
　　She dreamed a bad dream last night.

　 5) 当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
　　 (对) She likes to swim.
　　 (错) To swim is liked by her

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