精读anotherschoolyearwhatfor.ppt

Lesson OneAnother School Year What for?Pre-class Discussion1.What is your general impression of a university?many opportunities for one to explore the unknownexperiencing a lotmaking lifelong friendsenjoying various kinds of activitiesdeveloping ones personal interestsmeeting outstanding scholarskeeping a good balance and laying a solid foundationthe golden time in ones lifePre-class Discussion2.Why did you choose to pursue a college education?to get a good job to earn more money to get a good start in lifeto fully develop yourselfto contribute more to the societya sound investment that is worth every penny Pre-class Discussion3.Have you experienced anything different from your middle school life?being far away from home living with othersbecoming independenttaking care of oneselfhandling ones own financemaking ones own decisionschanges are occurring According to your own understanding,what are the major differences between high school and college educations?Pre-class Discussion 5.Have you had any psychological problems ever since you entered college?lonelinessconfusionfrustrationjealousya sense of inferiority feeling pressure6.How do you evaluate the Chinese educational system?John CiardiAmerican poet,editor,critic,author of books for children,nonfiction writer,and translator(of Dantes The Divine Comedy).Author Author Who are they?Shakespeare BachHomerVirgilDanteAristotleChaucerEinsteinLa Rochefoucauld Text AnalysisThe author tries to clarify the purpose of a university:to put the students in touch with the best civilization that human race has created.Theme Part 1(Paras.1 ):Part 2(Paras.):Text AnalysisStructure8914The writer describes his encounter with one of his students.The author restates what he still believes to be the purpose of a university:putting its students in touch with the best civilizations the human race has created.Text Analysis IntroductionHe introduces the topic with his encounter with a student and with two questions:Why should we go to university?Why should we learn literature,arts,philosophy,politics,etc.?Then he proceeds to give evidence to support his view:Evidence A:distinction between technical training and universityEvidence B:How to spend the 8 hours of leisure time will decide whether you are capable of penetrating insight,whether you can be democratic,tasteful and above all,whether you can raise a civilized family.Answer/topic sentence:the business of the college is to put you in touch with what the best human minds have thought.How does the writer present his argument?Text Analysis Evidence C:Nobody gets to be a human being unaided,and books can aid us in becoming a civilized human,both in terms of techniques of mankind,and in terms of spiritual resources.Conclusion summary:the function of university and its faculty.Writing DevicesWriting DevicesLanguage Style&ToneStyle:ColloquialTone:Humorous and mildly sarcasticBy way of using By way of using direct speechdirect speechBy way of using By way of using metaphorsmetaphors Sentence Paraphrase I was fresh out of graduate school starting my first semester at the University of Kansas City.(Para.1)I had just completed my graduate studies and began teaching at the University of Kansas City.to have just come from a particular place,to have just had a particular experience,e.g.students fresh from collegeSentence ParaphraseI could have pointed out that he had enrolled,not in a drugstore-mechanics school,but in a college and that at the end of his course he meant to reach for a scroll that read Bachelor of Science.(Para.2)Subjunctive mood:I didnt point it out in fact.I could have told him that he was now not getting training for a job in a technical school but doing a B.Sc.at a university.to intend to do sth.to indicate,register,or show Sentence ParaphraseIt would certify that he had specialized in pharmacy,but it would further certify that he had been exposed to some of the ideas mankind has generated within its history.(Para.2)The B.S certificate would indicate/prove that the holder had special training in pharmacy,but it would also show that he/she had been introduced to some great ideas in the history of human civilization.nThis is to certify that Mr.Li Wei,male,born on Oct.15,1975,studied with a Masters degree course program in English Literature at the School of Foreign Studies of South China Normal University from September 1999 to July 2002,and completed all the courses required for a masters degree in Arts and successfully defended the thesis dissertation.nCertificate Number:80001120020202305nDate:July 31,2002nSchool of Foreign StudiesnGraduate School of South China Normal UniversitySentence UnderstandingHere the word education is used in a broad sense,which involves not only the process of acquiring knowledge and developing skills,but also that of improving the mind.That is to say,he had not entered a technical training school but a university and in universities students enroll for both training and education.(Para.2)What is the difference between training and education,according to the writer?Training is preparation for a job,or a career,such as the training in a certain skill.Education,on the other hand,is learning to develop ones mental and moral powers.nI could have told him all this,but it it was fairly obvious he wasnt going to be around long enough for it it to matter.(3)nI didnt actually say all this to him,because I didnt think he would stay at college very long,so it wouldnt be important whether or not he knew what university education was for.nbe around:to be present in a place;to be available nmatter(to sb.):to be important or have an important effect on sb./sth.qPay attention to the two “it”s.The first is an introductory/anticipatory“it”while the second refers to“whether I told him all this”.Sentence ParaphraseSentence Understanding“For the rest of your life,”I said,“your days are going to average out to about twenty-four hours.”(Para.4)to come to an average or ordinary level or standard,esp.after being higher or lowerMore examples:Meals at the university average out to about 10 yuan per day.The restaurants monthly profits averaged out at 30%last year.Sentence ParaphraseYou will see to it that the cyanide stays out of the aspirin,that the bull doesnt jump the fence,or that your client doesnt go to the electric chair as a result of your incompetence.(Para.5)You have to take responsibility for the work you do.If youre a pharmacist,you should make sure that aspirin is not mixed with poisonous chemicals.As an engineer,you shouldnt get things out of control.If you become a lawyer,you should make sure an innocent person is not sentenced to death because you lack adequate legal knowledge and skill to defend your client.Sentence ParaphraseIn addition to all other things these professions offer,they provide you with a living so that you can support a familywife and children.Along with everything else,they will probably be what puts food on your table,supports your wife,and rears your children.(Para.5)Sentence ParaphraseI hope that your income will always be enough.They will be your income,and may it always suffice.(Para.5)Inverted sentence,used in a blessing.e.g.May they live long!nWill the children ever be exposed to a reasonably penetrating idea at home?(6)qWill your children ever hear you talk about something profound at home?nbe exposed to(usually,a new idea or feeling);to be given experience of it,or introduced to itnreasonably:to a degree that is fairly good but not very goodnpenetrating idea:one that requires the ability of understanding clearly and deeply Sentence Paraphrase nWill you be presiding over a family that maintains some contact with the great democratic intellect?(6)qpreside over:to be in charge or to control a meeting or an event,here used humorouslyqmaintain contact with:to keep in touch with.here used figurativelyq the great democratic intellect:the great democratic thinkingqIntellect:the ability to understand things and think intelligentlynWill you be head of a family who bring up kid in a democratic spirit?Sentence Paraphrase nWill there be a book in the house?(6)qWill you be reading serious books(not just popular fiction)?nWill there be a painting a reasonably sensitive man can look at without shuddering?(6)qWhat kind of pictures will you put up in your house?Will you have a painting in your house that shows some taste?Sentence Paraphrase Sentence Paraphrase“I hope you make a lot of it,”I told him,“because youre going to be badly stuck for something to do when youre not signing checks.”(Para.8)Notice the sarcastic tone of the writer.If you dont have any goal in life apart from making money to satisfy your desire for material riches,go ahead and make a lot of it.not to know what to do in a particular situationSentence Paraphrase If you have no time for Shakespeare,for a basic look at philosophy,for the continuity of the fine arts,for that lesson of mans development we call historythen you have no business being in college.(Para.9)to have no right to do sth.,shouldnt have been/be doing sth.If you dont want to improve your mind and broaden your horizon by studying a little literature,philosophy and the fine arts and history,you shouldnt be studying here at college.nYou are on your way to being that new species of mechanized savage,the push-button Neanderthal.(9)qYou will soon become an uneducated,ignorant person who can only work machines and operate mechanical equipment(one who doesnt know anything about literature.music,the fine arts,culture in general,etc.).qnew species of mechanized savage:new type of humans who are intellectually simple and not developed and who can only work machinesqthe push-button Neanderthal:an uneducated,ignorant person who can only use/operate machines by pushing the buttonsSentence Paraphrase nOur colleges inevitably graduate a number of such life forms,but it cannot be said that they went to college;rather the college went through them-without making contact.(9)nA number of such push-button savages get college degrees.We cannot help that.But even with their degrees,we cant say that these people have received a proper college education.It is more accurate to say that they go through college without learning anything.nlife forms:used sarcastically,meaning these people are living creatures,but cant think or reasonngo through(a person)(like a dose of salts):(of food,etc.)to be quickly excreted/to pass through the body as waste matter without being digested:here,used figuratively and sarcastically Sentence Paraphrase nNo one gets to be a human being unaided.(10)No one can grow up to be a civilized person without the help of others.Sentence Paraphrase nThere is not time enough in a single lifetime to invent for oneself everything one needs to know in order to be a civilized human.(10)n To become a civilized person,you need to acquire the knowledge and develop the culture a civilized society needs.One lifetime is too short to create an environment for you to become civilized.na single lifetime:the time during which a person is alivena civilized human:a person who is pleasant,charming and without roughness of manner 有素养的人 Sentence Paraphrase nYou pass the great stone halls of,say.M.I.T,and there cut into stone are the names of the scientists.(11)If you pass the great stone hall of a university,M.I.T.for example,youll see the names of the scientists cut into the stone.Sentence Paraphrase nThe chances are that few,if any,of you will leave your names to be cut into those stones.Yet any of you who managed to stay awake through part of a high school course in physics,knows more about physics than did many of those great scholars of the past.(11)nOnly very few,if any at all,of you will turn out to be great scientists and have your names cut into those stones.But if you were attentive enough in your high school physics class,any of you knows more about physics than many of those scientists whose names are cut into the stones.n(the)chances are:it is likely Sentence Paraphrase nYou know more because they left you what they knew;because you can start from what the past learned for you.(11)qYou know more about physics not because youre more talented than those scholars of the past,but because they left their knowledge to you,and because everything you first learn is what people learnt in the past.In other words,all human knowledge has been accumulated by people living in the past and has been passed on to us.You learn all this before you do any original research,or any research of your ownqWhat the past learned for you:what people in the past learned and passed on to you Sentence Paraphrase nAnd as this is true of the techniques of mankind,so it is true of mankinds spiritual resources.(12)nThis is the way we learn and develop the techniques of mankind.This is also how we inherit and advance mankinds spiritual resources.人类技术的发展是如此，财富的积也是如此。qbe true of(a person or a situation);to apply to Sentence Paraphrase nRead Homer and your mind includes a piece of Homers mind.(12)nWhen you read Homers works,you are sure to grasp some of his insights.n读一读荷马的史诗，你的头脑里就有了荷马的一些思想。Sentence Paraphrase Sentence Paraphrase If you are too anxious to make money,too ignorant to see your limitations,then you couldnt regard those great peoples minds as a gift to your humanity,and thus you cant be a developed human.If you are too much in a hurry,or too arrogantly proud of your own limitations,to accept as a gift to your humanity some pieces of the minds of Aristotle,or Chaucer,or Einstein,you are neither a developed human nor a useful citizen of a democracy.(Para.12)object of the verb“accept”nI speak,Im sure,for the faculty of the liberal arts college and for the faculties of the specialized schools as well(14)nMy remarks apply to.and the same is true ofqliberal arts:subjects of study that develop students general knowledge and ability to think,rather than their technical skills 大学文科qliberal arts college:（大学里的）文学院 qthe specialize schools：departments of a university that teach a particular subject or skill Sentence Paraphrase n“We are here to make available to you,as best we can,that expertise.”(14)qOur role/job/task is to do our best to provide such knowledge for you(to become both specialists and civilized humans).q(be)here to do sth.:used to show your role in a situation Sentence Paraphrase