汽车起重机毕业设计方案外文翻译.doc
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1、 本科毕业设计(论文)外文翻译译文题目: 使用智能液压缸增加起重机稳定性 学 院: 机电学院 专 业: 机械设计制造及其自动化 学生姓名: XXX 学 号: 指导老师: XXX 完成时间: 3月12日 From:Hitchcox, Alan. Smart cylinders stabilize cranesJ. Hydraulics & Pneumatics; Cleveland (Sep 12, ): n/a.Smart cylinders stabilize cranesHitchcox, Alan.ASM International, Penton Media, OTP Industri
2、al Solutions (formerly Ohio Transmission & Pump Co)Abstract:Its not unusual for cranes to reach 100 ft or more into the air at major construction sites. Traditionally, cranes are transported to a work area and assembled on-site. More recently, as truck-mounted cranes become bigger and more powerful,
3、 they have found favor because they are quicker to set up than traditional cranes. Truck-mounted cranes have a telescoping hydraulic boom mounted on commercial truck chassis. Their portability and lower setup costs have led to their widespread use at construction and utility sites around the world.
4、But as loads get heavier and lifting distances become higher, designers of truck-mounted cranes must provide the stability to ensure that safety remains the top priority. Truck-mounted cranes use outrigger systems to ensure stable operation. The outriggers extend from the main body of the truck and
5、contact the ground several feet away from the truck. This distributes the cranes load over a much larger area, thereby increasing stability. Manitowoc Company Inc., Manitowoc, Wis., takes this a step further by using smart cylinders in the A-frame outrigger systems of its National Crane line of truc
6、k-mounted cranes. The cranes hydraulic system is driven from a power takeoff on the trucks transmission. The crane operator then runs all crane functions through a series of lever-operated valves at a control station. The ELA is an externally mounted LDT that uses Hall-effect technology to sense the
7、 location of a magnet embedded in the cylinders piston through the cylinders carbon steel barrel. A microprocessor then assigns an analog voltage to the magnets corresponding absolute position. For example, when the cylinder is fully retracted; the voltage may be 0.55 V. As the cylinder extends, the
8、 voltage gradually increases until 4.5 V is reached at full extension. Accuracy of the transducer is typically +-0.5 mm (0.02 in.) - more than adequate for most mobile equipment. That position is then sent to the ECM and compared to the known maximum horizontal extension. After this, an indication i
9、s given to the operator about the outrigger state. The position update happens within milliseconds.Full TextIts not unusual for cranes to reach 100 ft or more into the air at major construction sites. Traditionally, cranes are transported to a work area and assembled on-site. More recently, as truck
10、-mounted cranes become bigger and more powerful, they have found favor because they are quicker to set up than traditional cranes. Truck-mounted cranes have a telescoping hydraulic boom mounted on commercial truck chassis. Their portability and lower setup costs have led to their widespread use at c
11、onstruction and utility sites around the world. But as loads get heavier and lifting distances become higher, designers of truck-mounted cranes must provide the stability to ensure that safety remains the top priority.Truck-mounted cranes use outrigger systems to ensure stable operation. The outrigg
12、ers extend from the main body of the truck and contact the ground several feet away from the truck. This distributes the cranes load over a much larger area, thereby increasing stability. Manitowoc Company Inc., Manitowoc, Wis., takes this a step further by using smart cylinders in the A-frame outri
13、gger systems of its National Crane line of truck-mounted cranes. The cranes hydraulic system is driven from a power takeoff on the trucks transmission. The crane operator then runs all crane functions through a series of lever-operated valves at a control station.An important function for lifting, m
14、oving, and lowering heavy loads is to ensure that outrigger beams are properly positioned. The outriggers are attached to the truck frame and are extended downward by hydraulic cylinders at an angle to create an A-frame structure that is wider at its base than at the top. This provides a stable fram
15、ework to level and support the loaded and extended crane. Adding smarts to outriggersFor the past several years, National Crane has added outrigger-monitoring systems (OMSs) to its cranes. With the OMS, operators monitor the horizontal extension of the cranes outriggers at a control station. The OMS
16、 used with A-frame model cranes includes an ELA position-sensing linear-displacement transducer (LDT) from Rota Engineering, Dallas, an electronic control module (ECM), and bicolor indication LEDs at each station.The ELA is an externally mounted LDT that uses Hall-effect technology to sense the loca
17、tion of a magnet embedded in the cylinders piston through the cylinders carbon steel barrel. A microprocessor then assigns an analog voltage to the magnets corresponding absolute position. For example, when the cylinder is fully retracted; the voltage may be 0.55 V. As the cylinder extends, the volt
18、age gradually increases until 4.5 V is reached at full extension. Accuracy of the transducer is typically +-0.5 mm (0.02 in.) - more than adequate for most mobile equipment. That position is then sent to the ECM and compared to the known maximum horizontal extension. After this, an indication is giv
19、en to the operator about the outrigger state. The position update happens within milliseconds.Mark Hoffman, of Rota Engineering, pointed out that because mobile equipment has a human operator, position feedback from cylinders generally only needs to be within hundredths of an inch. Put simply, he sa
20、ys that magnetostrictive LDTs are overkill for most mobile-equipment applications. He suggests that an LDT with slightly less precision, but substantially lower cost, would enable designers to provide cylinder position feedback more often - not just for the most critical applications that justify hi
21、gh cost. Simple electronic displayThe electronic control module on the A-frame units serves only to monitor the position of the outriggers and provide feedback to the operator. As the analog voltage from the ELA transducer is read into the ECM, it sends a signal to a set of bicolor LEDs - one set pe
22、r operators station. The indications available are: Red for system error (sensor out of range, electrical short, etc.).Blinking red to indicate the operator is not at a valid working position as directed by the operation manual.Green to inform the operator that full horizontal extension has been acc
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