被动语态——八种时态.doc

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被动语态
被动语态的最基本构成是：be + done（动词的过去分词形式）被动语态和时态是分不开的。很多时态都有其被动语态形式。总结如下：
1) 一般现在时
一般现在时主要由动词原形表示，但第三人称单数后要加词尾-s，其方法与名词单数变复数的方法相同。另外，be和have有特殊的人称形式，be在I后为am；在he，she，it后为is；在we，you，they后为are；have在第三人称单数后为has，在其他人称后仍为have。被动语态：be(am/is/are) + done (by)
主动语态：Everyone likes her.
被动语态：She is liked by everyone.

2) 现在进行时
现在进行时由“be(am/is/are) +现在分词”构成，其否定式是在be后加not，疑问式是将be提前。
They are building a new school in our village.
She is cleaning the classroom.
被动语态：be(am/is/are) being done
A new school is being built in our village.
The classroom is being cleaned (by her).

3) 现在完成时
现在完成时由“have (has)+过去分词”构成。否定式在have (has)后加not，疑问式将have (has)提前。
They have built a new school in our village.
I have taught English for 20 years.
被动语态：have/has been + done
A new school has been built in our village.

5) 一般过去时
由动词的过去式表示，其变化是在动词后加-ed，但英语中有大量动词的变化是不规则的，需特别记忆。
Tom broke the glass this morning.
被动语态：was/were + done
The glass was broken by Tom this morning.
e.f.: The glass was broken.（这只玻璃杯是破的。非被动语态）

6) 过去进行时
由“was (were) +现在分词”构成。第一人称单数和第三人称单数后用was，其他人称后用were。
He was watching TV when I came in.我进来时他正在看电视。
被动语态：was/were + being + done
She said that the bicycle was being repaired by her father.

7) 过去完成时
过去完成时由“had +过去分词”构成，主要表示过去某时或某一动作之前已经发生的动作，既表示“过去的过去”，常带有时间状语。
They had already left when we got to the station.
我们到达车站时他们已经离开了。
He said that he had bought a new car.
他说他买了一辆新车。
被动语态：had been done
She told me that the bicycle had been repaired by her
father.她告诉我说自行车是她爸爸修的。

8) 一般将来时
主要由“will +动词原形”构成，第一人称后有时用shall。其否定式是在will后加not，缩写为won’t；疑问是将will提前。表示从现在看将要发生的动作或情况，通常带有表示将来的时间状语。其它表达方式有：be going to do; be to do; be about to do; be doing+将来时间；do+将来时间
He will come to see you tomorrow.他明天将来看你。
They will build a new airport inBeijing.
被动语态：will be done
A new airport will be built inBeijing.

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