句子成分的练习题.doc

练习一
一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：
1. The students got on the school bus.
2. He handed me the newspaper.
3. I shall answer your question after class.
4. What a beautiful Chinese painting!
5. They went hunting together early in the morning.
6. His job is to train swimmers.
7. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.
8. There is going to be an American film tonight.
9. He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.
10. His wish is to become a scientist.
11. He managed to finish the work in time.
12. Tom came to ask me for advice.
13. He found it important to master English.
14. Do you have anything else to say?
15. To be honest; your pronunciation is not so good.
16. Would you please tell me your address?
17. He sat there, reading a newspaper.
18. It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.
19. He noticed a man enter the room.
20. The apples tasted sweet.
1、主语，定语；2、间接宾语；3、谓语，状语；4、定语；5、状语，状语；6、定语，表语；7、宾语，状语；8、谓语，主语；9、谓语；10、主语，表语；11、谓语，宾语；12、状语；13、形式宾语，真正宾语；14、宾语、定语；15、插入语，状语；16、宾语(间宾+直宾)；17、状语，状语；18、形式主语，表语，宾补；19、宾补；20、表语
选择填空：
( )1. ____ will leave for Beijing.
A. Now there the man B. The man here now
C. The man who is here now D. The man is here now
( ) 2. The weather ____.
A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D. were wet and cold
( ) 3. The apple tasted ____.
A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet
( ) 4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.
A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter
( )5. The actor ______at the age of 70.
A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded
( )6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.
A. We, us B. Us, we C. We, our D. We, we
( )7. He found the street much ______.
A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly
( ) 8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.
A. its B. it C. that D. that is
( ) 9. The dog ____ mad.
A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked
( )10.I will never forget the day ______ I joined the army.
A. that B. when C. in which D. where
). 指出下列句中主语的中心词 
① The teacher with two of his students is walking into the classroom.
② There is an old man coming here.
③ The useful dictionary was given by my mother last year.
④ To do today's homework without the teacher's help is very difficult.

(二). 选出句中谓语的中心词 
① I don't like the picture on the wall.
    A. don't              B. like                C. picture       D. wall
② The days get longer and longer when summer comes.
    A. get                  B. longer            C. days   D. summer
③ Do you usually go to school by bus?
    A. Do                B. usually            C. go             D. bus
④ There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.
    A. will be           B. meeting          C. the library      D. afternoon
⑤ Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?
    A. Did                B. twins           C. have        D. breakfast

⑥ Tom didn't do his homework yesterday.
    A. Tom             B. didn't            C. do         D. his homework
⑦ What I want to tell you is this.
    A. want            B. to tell             C. you          D. is
⑧ We had better send for a doctor.
    A. We              B. had             C. send       D. doctor
⑨ He is interested in music.
    A. is                 B. interested       C. in         D. music
⑩ Whom did you give my book to?
    A. give             B. did                  C. whom        D. book

(三) 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother hasn't done his homework.
　　　　A        B      C           D
② People all over the world speak English.
　     A     B                C                    D
③ You must pay good attention to your pronunciation.
　　　　　　　A         B              C          D
④ How many new words did you learn last class?
　　　　　　　　A       B   C    D
⑤ Some of the students in the school want to go swimming, how about you?
　　　　           A                                           B                 C               D
⑥ The old man sitting at the gate said he was ill.
　　　　A                      B         C        D
⑦ They made him monitor of the class.
　　A      B     C      D
⑧ Go across the bridge and you will find the museum on the left.
　　　 A            B                        C             D
⑨ You will find it useful after you leave school.
　　　　　　A     B            C     D
⑩ They didn't know who "Father Christmas" really is.
　　A           B          C                     D 

(四) 挑出下列句中的表语 (5分，5分钟)
① The old man was feeling very tired.
　　   A             B        C            D
② Why is he worried about Jim?
　　　　A        B      C       D
③ The leaves have turned yellow.
　　 A           B        C       D
④ Soon They all became interested in the subject.
　　　　A           B              C              D
⑤ She was the first to learn about it.
　　　 A         B       C         D

(五) 挑出下列句中的定语 ① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.
　   A     B                                C        D
② What is your given name?
　　A    B           C      D

③ On the third lap are Class 1 and Class 3.
　　　　 A     B  C              D
④ I am afraid some people forgot to sweep the floor.
　　　　A       B       C                    D
⑤ The man downstairs was trying to sleep.
　　 A             B                  C        D
⑥ I am waiting for the sound of the other shoe!
　A       B                     C                D

(六) 挑出下列句中的宾语补足语 
① She likes the children to read newspapers and books in the reading-room.
             A          B                          C                                             D
② He asked her to take the boy out of school.
　　　 A     B            C                   D
③ She found it difficult to do the work.
　　　A      B     C               D
④ They call me Lily sometimes.
　　　  A    B   C       D
⑤ I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.
　A  B          C               D
⑥ Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground just now?
　　　　　　   A                 B                     C                     D
(七) 挑出下列句中的状语
① There was a big smile on her face.
　　A      B          C             D
② Every night he heard the noise upstairs.
　　   A                B          C           D
③ He began to learn English when he was eleven.
　　　 A       B          C                   D
④ The man on the motorbike was travelling to fast.
　　 A               B                        C              D 
⑤ With the medicine box under her arm, Miss Li hurried off.
　　　　　　   A                                   B    C       D
⑥ She loves the library because she loves books.
　 A     B          C                     D
⑦ I am afraid that if you've lost it, you must pay for it.
　A       B                    C                         D
⑧ The students followed Uncle Wang to see the other machine.
　　　　A            B                C                        D
(八) 划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语
① Please tell us a story.
② My father bought a new bike for me last week.
③ Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term.
④ Here is a pen. Give it to Tom.
⑤ Did he leave any message for me? 

答案 
(一) ① teacher ② man ③ dictionary   ④ To do
(二) ① B   ② A    ③ C     ④ A    ⑤ C   ⑥ C     ⑦ D     ⑧ C   ⑨ A     ⑩ A       
(三) ① D   ② D    ③ B    ④ A     ⑤ B   ⑥ D     ⑦ C     ⑧ D   ⑨ A     ⑩ D
(四) ①D     ②B      ③D     ④C     ⑤B
(五) ① C    ② C     ③ A ④ B     ⑤ B    ⑥ D
(六) ① C    ② C     ③ C   ④ C   ⑤ D   ⑥ B
(七) ① D     ② A     ③ D     ④ D   ⑤ A   ⑥ D   ⑦ C   ⑧ D
(八) ① us, 间接宾语   a story, 直接宾语
② me, 间接宾语 a new bike, 直接宾语 ③ us, 间接宾语 history, 直接宾语
④ Tom, 间接宾语 it, 直接宾语 ⑤ me, 间接宾语     message, 直接宾语 
引述别人的话时，一般采用两种方式：一是引用别人的原话，把它放在引号内，称为直接引语；二是用自己的话加以转述，被转述的话不放在引号内，称为间接引语。间接引语在大多数情况下是一个宾语从语。直接引语变成间接引语时，要注意以下几点：人称变化、时态变化、宾语从句要用陈述句语序。
　　1.直接引语是陈述句，变成间接引语时，由连词that 引导。例如：
　　She said, "I am very happy to help you."→
　　She said that she was very happy to help you.
　　2. 直接引语是一般(选择/反意)疑问句，变成间接引语时，由连词whether或if 引导。例如：
　　He asked me, "Do you like playing football?"→
　　He asked me if/whether I liked playing football.
　　注意：大多数情况下，if和whether 可以互换，但后有or not,或在动词不定式前，或放在介词后作连接词时，一般只用whether。例如：
　　She asked me whether he could do it or not.
　　He hesitated about whether to drive or take the train.
　　3. 直接引语是特殊疑问句，变成间接引语时，由相应的疑问词who, whom, whose, how, when, why, where 等引导。例如：
　　My sister asked me, "How do you like the film?"→
　　My sister asked me how I liked the film.
　　4. 直接引语是祈使句，变成间接引语时，把动词原形变成动词不定式，并在动词不定前加tell, ask, order 等的宾语。例如：
　　The captain ordered, "Be quiet."→
　　The captain ordered us to be quiet.
　　注意：此种情况的否定句，在动词不定式前加not。
　　My teacher asked me, "Don't laugh."→
　　My teacher asked me not to laugh.
　　5. 一些注意事项
　　(1)直接引语是客观事实、普遍真理等，变成间接引语时，时态不变。例如：
　　They told their son,"The earth goes round the sun."→
　　They told their son that the earth goes round the sun.
　　(2)直接引语变间接引语时， 指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。如：this/that→ these/those, now→then, today→that day, yesterday→the day before, last year→the year before, ago→before, here→there等。例如：
　　He said, "I haven't seen her today."→
　　He said that he hadn't seen her that day.
　　注意：如果转述时就在原来的地方，就在说话的当天，就不必改变指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等。
　　(3)间接引语一般要用陈述句的语序，即主、谓、宾的顺序。例如：
　　He asked Lucy, "Where did you go?"→
　　He asked Lucy where she went.
　　Tom said, "What do you want, Ann?"→
　　Tom asked Ann what she wanted