雅思大作文三大类型.doc

雅思大作文的三大类型：讨论问题型、提出建议型和议论选项型。
The three different types of IELTS essay question
The first rule of IELTS essays is to answer the question. One problem in doing that is there are different types of IELTS essay questions each of which poses its own problems. In this post, I talk you through the three main types of essay questions and show you how to identify them and what problems they pose.
I strongly suggest that you practise writing essays on each type of question before you get to the exam. 

1. The discussion 讨论问题型（题目中无观点）
Here you are given a social issue or problem and asked directly to discuss it and very often asked to suggest a solution for it.
通常这种题目会拿出一个问题直接让你讨论，并要求给出解决方法。

Two examples
In this type of question you are given the problem (here in red) and then told how to discuss it/your task (in blue).
In many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour. What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? 
and

Many universities charge higher fees for foreign students. Why do they do this? Do you believe that it is fair?

Typical task words 
· “Why do they think that?”
· “What solutions can you suggest?”

Typical problems
There are 2 typical problems with understanding this type of essay question.
1. You are being asked for your personal opinion: it is not enough to talk generally about the topic. You must give your personal view. 如果问你你的观点，那不止要讨论，还要给出自己的看法！
2. Very often you given two tasks: for example, to discuss the causes and the solution. If you discuss only one of these, you will be penalised on Task Achievement. 通常这类问题涵盖两个方面：讨论原因+提出解决方法。少了任意一个都会被扣分
3. The question does not give you much help with ideas: you may need to spend more time planning and thinking of ideas这类题目不会提供观点，因此你要花时间想自己的观点！

2. The proposal 提出建议型（题目中有观点）
Here you are given an opinion about some social issue to discuss. Typically, you are asked whether or to what extent you agree with it.这类题会给你一个观点让你讨论，而且会问你是否同意，同意到什么程度。

Two examples
In this type of question you are given an opinion (in red) and then told how to discuss it/your task (in blue). Sometimes the question is longer and you are given some background information (in green), then the opinion and then the task.

Fatherhood ought to be emphasized as much as motherhood. The idea that women are solely responsible for deciding whether or not to have babies leads on to the idea that they are also responsible for bringing the children up. To what extent do you agree or disagree?
and

Currently there is a trend towards the use of alternative forms of medicine. However, at best these methods are ineffective, and at worst they may be dangerous. To what extent do you agree or disagree?

Typical task words 
· “What is you opinion?”
· “Do you agree that…”
· “To what extent do you agree?”
· Discuss

Typical problems
There are three typical problems with understanding this type of essay question：理解题目的三大问题

1. The questions are simply longer to read and sometimes harder to understand. Spend plenty of time reading the question and underlining the key words and making sure you understand what words like “this” and “these” refer to.题目太长，确保认清关键词，并弄清“this” 和 “these”指代的是什么？
2. It can be easy to confuse the background information from the opinion. You must discuss the opinion (the bit in red). If you only discuss the topic (the bit in green), you will be penalised on Task Achievement.背景信息和观点容易搞混，需要你讨论的是观点部分！！切记！
3. You need to discuss the opinion in the question. You cannot only give your opinion.要讨论问题中的观点哦，不要只是自说自话。

3. The argument 议论选边型
Here you are given a problem or issue and two different solutions or opinions about it. Typically, you are then asked to decide which solution/opinion is the better.
这种题目通常是给你一个问题，针对这个问题有两种观点或解决方法，烤鸭要决定哪一种观点/解决方法更好~
Two examples
The argument type essay question has two main types. In the first type, you get two different situations or opinions (red) and then your task (in blue) is to decide between them. 这种题目有两宗类型。第一种：给出两个观点或两个状况，要选择一种。

In some countries people pay different rates of tax depending on their salary, in other countries everyone pays the same rate. Which do you believe is the best system?

In the second type, you get a solution (in red) to a situation (in green) and you then your task (in blue) is to discuss the advantages and disadvantages of that solution. 第二种：一个问题及其解决方法，讨论其利弊。

Unemployment is one of the most serious problems facing developed nations today. What are the advantages and/or disadvantages of reducing the working week to thirty five hours? 
Typical task words“What are the advantages and disadvantages of this”

Typical problems
There are two typical problems here:两个典型问题

1. The essay discusses the problem generally and doesn’t talk about advantages or disadvantages or make a choice between the two options. Again this will be penalised under Task Achievement.没有讨论利弊或者没有选边站都要被扣分
2. The essay only looks at the advanOther question types 其他类型请看清题目要求
I would like to emphasise that you may well find questions that could fall into two different categories. That is not so important. What really  matters is learning to look at each question and deciding what precisely it is asking you to do and what possible problems it poses.

A checklist 
这里是一个小的checklist，让你一眼扫到题目快速确定其类型，注意关键词句哦！
This is my very simple checklist to help you decide which type of question you are looking at:
1. Does it ask me what my own opinion is about a topic? → Discussion question → Use my own opinions
2. Does it ask me to discuss a particular proposal? → Proposal question → Discuss that proposal
3. Does it ask me to decide between two different opinions or look at the advantages and disadvantages of a topic → Argument question→ Discuss both sides and come to a decision.tages or the disadvantages. It needs to look at both sides of the question. 只谈利或者弊，没有提及问题的两面性也要被扣分！