宾语从句和表语从句---.ppt

Grammar名名词性性从从句句(Nounclause)1.1.名名词性从句定性从句定义：在句子中起：在句子中起名名词性作用性作用的句子的句子叫做名叫做名词性从句。性从句。名名词性从句相当于名性从句相当于名词，可分，可分别作主句的作主句的主主语、宾语、表、表语和和同位同位语。名名词性从句可以分性从句可以分为：主主语从句、从句、宾语从句、从句、表表语从句从句和和同位同位语从句。从句。2.2.宾语从句就是在复合句中作从句就是在复合句中作宾语的名的名词性从句，性从句，通常放在主句通常放在主句谓语动词（及物（及物动词）或介）或介词之后。之后。引引导宾语从句从句词有有连词：that，if，whether（不担当句子成分（不担当句子成分)，(that有有时可省，没有可省，没有词义）；）；连接代接代词：who，whom,whose，what，which（有（有词义，在句中充当一定成分，可作主，在句中充当一定成分，可作主语、宾语、表、表语和定和定语）；）；连接副接副词:when,where，how，why（有（有词义，作状，作状语）。3.Theyknowtheteacher.主主语谓语宾语Theyknowtheteacherisaman.主主语谓语宾语从句从句句子做句子做宾语就是就是宾语从句。从句。4.宾语从句从句TheObjectClause(1)大部分大部分宾语从句直接跟在从句直接跟在动词后：后：e.g.Hedoesntknowhowheshouldfinishhistask.(2)有些有些宾语从句前要有从句前要有间接接宾语：e.g.HetoldmewhatIshoulddoinmywork5.(3)如果如果宾语从句后面有从句后面有宾语补足足语，要使用形式，要使用形式宾语it而将从句放到而将从句放到补足足语后面；后面；e.g.Ithoughtitnotnecessarythathecamebackearlier.(4)否定的否定的转移移:若主句若主句谓语动词为think,consider,suppose,believe,expect,guess,imagine等等，其后的其后的宾语从句若含有否定意从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定，一般要把否定词转移移到主句到主句谓语上，从句上，从句谓语用肯定式。用肯定式。例如：例如：Idontthinkyouareright.6.（5）.宾语从句的从句的时态：当主句：当主句为一般一般现在在时，从句，从句可以灵活使用各种可以灵活使用各种时态;当主句当主句为一般一般过去去时，从句只，从句只能使用相能使用相应的的过去去时态；但如果从句；但如果从句表达客表达客观真理真理时，从句从句时态仍然用一般仍然用一般现在在时。I think that it will rain tomorrow.She told us that she had borrowed the book from the library.The father told his son that the moon moves around the earth.7.（6）在demand,order,suggest,insist,request,command等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后，宾语从句常用“（should）+动词原形”，如：She request that I should finish my work at 9:00.(7)宾语从句的语序。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。如：Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital?8.（8）在名词性从句中whether 和if 含义均为“是否”，但用法有区别，主要区别如下：a引导宾语从句时whether与if可以互换:She asked me whether/if the teacher would leave.b引导表语从句、同位语从句时只能用whether引导；The question was whether Tom has gone to Shanghai.c位于句首引导主语从句只能用whether；Whether they will come is unknown.d作介词的宾语或同不定式连用时只能用whether；It all depends on whether they will help us.9.e和or(not)连在一起时只能用whether引导；The meal will be ready for her whether she comes or not.f.用if会引起理解混淆时，只能用whether，如:Please let me know if you like it.g.在否定形式的宾语从句中只能用if引导，如：I dont care if he dont come.10.(9)宾语宾语从句中的从句中的连连接接词词that在以下三种情况下在以下三种情况下不能省略：不能省略：a.当当that从句与另一名从句与另一名词词性从句并列作性从句并列作宾语宾语时时，第二个，第二个that不能省；不能省；b.当当that作介作介词宾语时词宾语时，that不可省掉。不可省掉。C.用用it做形式做形式宾语宾语的的宾语宾语从句从句Everyoneknewwhathappenedandthatshewasworried.Thereasonliesinthatsheworksharderthantheothersdo.11.1.Theyoungmanasked_itssummerorwinter.A.eitherB.thatC.weatherD.whether2.Wedontknow_theydidit.A.howB.whoC.whatD.which3.Theteacherasksus_Jimcancomebackontime.A.thatB.ifC.whenD.whattime4.Doesanybodyknow_wewillhaveasportsmeetingthisweekendornot.A.ifB.whereC.whetherD.that5.Iwonder_heiscryingnow.A.thatB.whyC.howD.whenexercise12.6.Have you found out _ we can do on Hainan Island?A.what B.how C.if D.whether 7.Lily said _ she had finished her composition.A.if B.that C.when D.where 8.I dont know _ he still lives here.A.where B.what C.when D.whether9.Could you show me _?A.how can I get to the station B.where is the station C.how I could get to the station D.how I can reach the station13.10.He suggested that we _ to the park later.A.will go B.went C.go D.has gone 11.He doesnt know _ to go to Beijing or not.A.that B.if C.whether D.if/whether12.Did she say anything about _we could pass the exam?A.that B.if C.whether D.if/whether14.3.表表语从句：从句在句中充当表从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在成分，一般放在连系系动词之后之后.作用：作用：对主主语进行解行解释说明。明。连接接词：that/whether/asif/asthough（if不引不引导表表语从句，从句，that不可省不可省)连接代接代词：who/whom/whose/which/what(充当充当“主主语,宾语,定定语,表表语，有自己的，有自己的词义.)连接副接副词：when/where/why/how/because(有有词义，充当充当时间,地点地点,方式方式,原因状原因状语.)15.She was late.The fact is that she was late for the meeting._表语表表语从句从句16.(1).其他其他连词asif,because,as,asthough引引导的表的表语从句从句a.because引引导表表语从句通常只用于从句通常只用于“This/That/Itisbecause”结构中。构中。Hewassenttohospital.Thatisbecausehewasill.b.asif/though引引导的表的表语从句常置于从句常置于连系系动词look,seem,sound,be,become等后面，常等后面，常用虚用虚拟语气，表示不存在的气，表示不存在的动作或状作或状态。e.g.Itsoundsasif/thoughsomebodywasknockingatthedoor.17.1.Goandgetyourcoat.Its_youleftit.A.thereB.whereC.therewereD.wherethere2.Theproblemis_hehasenoughtime.A.ifB.whetherC./D.that3.Hemadeapromise_hewouldhelpme.A.whatB.whenC.thatD.which4.Whatthedoctorreallydoubtis_Lucywillrecoverfromtheseriousdiseasesoon.A.whenB.howC.whetherD.whyexercise18.单句改句改错1.Wewonderhowweshalldonext.2.Couldyoutellmewherearetheyhavingapicnic?3.IamsorrythatIdontknowyouwanttotakepartinthecompetition.4.Mrliseemsthatheisveryexpertatrepairingatcomputers.what_they are_didnt_as if19.Homework:课时训练区：区：P76单选20.