研究生外文文献翻译--中英.doc
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1、(完整word)研究生外文文献翻译-中英完整版Discussion about the application of the anchor bar on the slope constructionFu Ming Fu , Zhang TianAbstract: There are some advantages in strengthening slope with the anchor bar, such as low project cost, convenient for construction and so on。 It not only meets the requirement
2、 of the reliability of the construction, but also is economic and reasonable for the construction.Key words: anchor bar; slope; strengthening1. Introduction Anchor technique uses strata geotechnicals shear strength around bolt to deliver structures pulling force or keep strata of the excavation own
3、stability. Due to the use of the anchor rod, Anchor strata produce compressive zone and have reinforcement effect to strata, can enhance the strength of strata, improve mechanical properties of strata, make structure and stratum together formed a kind of work together complex. Anchor system can effe
4、ctively sustain tension and shear, improve shear strength of the potential sliding surface, so it can effectively prevent slope to produce sliding damage. Fig 1 after excavation of the slope2. Project profile The length of a slope is about 60m, the most slope height is about 23m,the angle up to 50 7
5、5, a five-layer frame structure buildings is far from about 1.5 to 4m at its base edge, its foundation is artificial bored pile and its bearing stratum is in weathered phyllite。 Due to the strong weathering of rocks, it was chunky, loosely structured, multimuddy filling。 It has residual slope deposi
6、ts of silty clay overlying and local folder with a pulpy, low strength。 Slope had collapsed at various locations, it is vary dangerous to the building, so we need to reinforce the slope, and we use stone concrete retaining wall and bolt to support it。3. Bolt retaining and protecting design3.1 Bolt d
7、esign(1)all formation of anchor use whole length bond-type, the binder materials are ordinary cement mortar, the mortar strength grade is M30, the anchor length L is 10 meters, the slope height h is 9 meters. Anchoring section length is 5m。(2)According to the construction condition and the needs of
8、the process, the layout form of anchor use quincunx, and in order to make the anchoring force in the role of surface rock surface with uniform, the two adjacent line bolts should be staggered arrangement.(3)The anchors number according to h/3.24 per meter to calculation, the anchor length is L, a to
9、lal of 252。 The diameter of drilling holes is 90,the number of drill according to (L0。1)m per hole to calculation, M30 grout number according to average 0。052m3 per hole to calculation。(4)The two adjacent rows vertical spacing of anchor take 2.55m, horizontal spacing take 2。55m。 The dip angle of anc
10、hor: with the angle of horizontal line is 20, and drilling down with this Angle.(5)Anchor use the steel bar, which is HRB400 level, 28mm diameter。3.2 Anchor calculation (1)The calculation of lateral geotechnical pressure12When the supporting structure to leave in rock and earth mass direction migrat
11、ion until to the limit equilibrium state, the geotechnical pressure which is role in supporting structure called active geotechnical pressure。 Its calculation method is as follows:For the slope which has no flare structure surface, generally speaking, failure is controled by rock mass strength, the
12、calculation formula is same to the active soil pressure, but cohesive force C take zero, internal friction angle use (rock mass equivalent internal friction angle) instead of, according to the standard to selection; rupture angle is 45+/2(is rock mass internal friction angle, is estimationed by hair
13、cut at the standard of rock mass internal friction angle, reduction factor according to the standard to selection)。According to the engineering survey, active rock pressure can calculation as follows:(2)the calculation of anchor tension design value (1) (2)In the formula: is anchor tension design va
14、lue; is anchor tension standard value; is partial load factor, take 1。3; is the horizontal tension standard value of anchor; is the dip angle of anchor。Through the calculation, =112.3kN =145。99kN(3)the calculation of anchor steel section area (3)In the formula: is the steel section area of anchor; i
15、s slope engineering importance coefficient(the slope engineering importance coefficient of this project is level 1, take 1.1); is the tensile working conditions coefficient of anchor bar ( permanent anchor take 0.69, temporary anchor take 0。92); is the tensile strength design value of anchor bar(sta
16、ndard value=400, design value=360)。According to the calculation, 0。588,choose level 3 steel of 128mm, =0.615。(4)The calculation of anchorage body and rock mass anchoring lengthanchoring length should not only meet the requirements which the bond force of formation on mortar and the bond stress of mo
17、rtar on steel, but also meet the requirements that the Structure design codes the Minimum anchoring length. (4)In the formula: is the anchoring length; D is the diameter of anchorage body; is the bond strength eigenvalue of layer and anchorage body, through the experiment or local experience sure, o
18、r according to the standard to selection ( this engineerings rock mass uniaxial compressive strength is 7。46, belong to soft rock, rock mass structural plane development, take 300);is the bond working conditions coefficient of anchorage body and layer (permanent anchor take 1.00). According to the c
19、alculation, 4.3m, take=5。0m.(5)The anchoring length between anchor steel and anchor mortar (5)In the formula: is the anchoring length between steel and mortar; d is the diameter of anchor bar; n is the number of steel; is the bond strength design value between steel and anchor mortar, through the ex
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