外研版高中英语选修七Module5.doc

选修七Module5
单词
1．minority n．少数；少数民族
归纳拓展
(1)be in a/the minority是少数派(尤指在投票的两部分人中)；占少数
a minority of少数
(2)minor adj.(常作定语)较小的；次要的
(3)(反)majority用作可数名词时，意思为“多数，大多数；过半数”。
常与定冠词the和介词of连用，构成词组the majority of...。the majority of...作主语时，其后的谓语动词单复数取决于of之后的名词。
(4)the majority/minority单独作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数，也可用复数。
例句：A small minority of British households do not have a car.英国的一小部分家庭没有汽车。
People from ethnic minorities often face prejudice and discrimination.
来自少数民族的人们常常面临偏见和歧视。
Boys are very much in the minority at the dance class.在舞蹈班上男孩子占极少数。
【链接训练】
Most nurses are women，but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a ________.
A．scarcity 　 B．minority　
C．minimum　 D．shortage
【解析】　句意为：大多数护士是妇女，但在高层医务工作者中，妇女只占少数。be in a minority “是少数派，占少数”。【答案】　B
2．run v．(run—ran—run)
控制，管理，经营；(公共汽车、火车等)(沿规定路线)往来行驶；伸展，延伸；融化；(指衣服上的染料或颜色)褪色，扩散
归纳拓展
(1)well/badly run 经营良好/不好
run a hotel/school经营一家旅馆/学校
(2)run after追赶某人，追逐某物
run across偶然遇见某人或发现某物
run into偶遇
run out花光，用完
例句：He has no idea how to run a business.
他不知道如何管理一个公司。
There are frequent trains running between London and Brighton.
伦敦与布莱顿之间的火车班次很多。
I'm afraid the colour ran when I washed your new skirt.
很遗憾，你那条新裙子我洗的时候掉色了。
【链接训练】
My money has ________.Would you like to give me some?
A．run out B．been run out
C．been running out D．being run out
【解析】　run out“花光，用完”，不可用于被动语态。
【答案】　A
3．fasten v．固定某物；系牢，扎牢；盯住；集中注意力于……
归纳拓展
(1)fasten...on/to...把……固定到……上
fasten A and B together　把A与B联结在一起
fasten on/upon抓住；缠牢；盯住
fasten up系住，使连结在一起，把拉链拉好
(2)fasten your attention on集中注意力于；认真地考虑
fasten your eyes on注视着，盯着
例句：As the plane was getting ready to take off，we all fastened (up) our seat belts.
飞机就要起飞了，我们都系好安全带。
After the farmer fastened his ox to the tree，he sat down and had a rest.
农夫把牛拴到树上后，就坐下休息。
The children's eyes fastened on the stranger.
那些小孩子的眼睛紧盯住那个陌生人。
【链接训练】
The little boy tried to ________ his two small boxes together with a piece of rope.
A．fold B．attach
C．fix D．fasten
【解析】　句意为：这个小男孩试图用一段绳子将他的两个小盒子紧紧地捆在一起。fold“折叠”；attach“将某物系在另一物上”；fix“固定，修理”。而fasten A and B together with sth.“用……把A和B牢牢固定在一起”，符合题意。【答案】　D
4．adjust v．适应，使适应；调整，调节；安排；校准
归纳拓展
(1)adjust to...适应……
adjust sth./oneself to sth.使某物或某人适应(新环境等)，适应……
(2)adjustment n．调整，校正，适应
make adjustments to对……进行调整，调节，校正
例句：It took a few seconds for her eyes to adjust to the darkness.几秒钟之后她的眼睛才适应了黑暗。
She soon adjusted herself to his way of life.
她很快地使自己适应了他的生活方式。
We’ve had to make some adjustments to our original calculations.
我们不得不对我们最初的预测进行一些调整。
【链接训练】
Classrooms of some schools are now equipped with seats that can be ________ to the height of a person.
A．adopted B．adapted
C．adjusted D．treated
【解析】　句意为：现在有些学校的教室装了可根据人体身高进行调节的座位。adjust to“适应”，符合题意。【答案】　C
5．furnish v．为(房屋或房间)配备家具；供应；装备
归纳拓展
(1)furnish...with...用……装备……
furnish...to/for为……提供……
be furnished with备有，安装有，陈设有
(2)furniture n．家具(集合用法，为不可数名词)
a piece/an article of furniture一件家具
a suite of furniture一套家具
例句：Can you tell me how to furnish a house?
你能告诉我如何布置房子吗？
The room was furnished with antiques.
房间里摆着古董。
They were kind enough to furnish food and shelter for the refugees.他们非常好心地为难民提供食宿。
They had little furniture.他们几乎没有什么家具。
【链接训练】
Reading ________ the mind only with materials of knowledge；it is thinking that makes what we read ours.
A．furnishes B．instructs
C．admits D．quits
【解析】　furnish...with...意为“用……装备……”。句意为：阅读只是用知识材料装备头脑，而思考才能够将我们所读的内容变为自己的。【答案】　A
短语
1．in use在使用，在应用中
归纳拓展
come into use开始被使用
make use of sb./sth.利用或使用某人/某物
bring...into use启用
put...to use使用
of use＝useful有用的
It’s no use doing...做……没用
例句：It is the dictionary that is most in use among Chinese students of English.
词典在学习英语的中国学生中应用最广泛。
Take this－it’s of no use to me any more.
把这个拿走吧，它对我没有用了。
It’s an opportunity to put her medical training to good use.
这是将她所受的医学培训很好地付诸实践的机会。
It’s no use complaining.抱怨是没有用的。
【链接训练】
①Seriously damaged，the bike is no longer ________.
A．for use B．on use
C．in use D．out of use
【解析】　句意为：由于严重受损，这辆自行车不能用了。考查in use在使用，在应用中，是固定短语。
【答案】　C
②Such good use had been__________his spare time________his English has improved a lot.
A．made of；that B．made of；as
C．made in；that D．found in；as
【解析】　空一考查短语make good use of充分利用；空二考查句型such...that“如此……以至于……”的用法。句意为：他如此充分利用他的业余时间以至于他的英语有了很大的进步。【答案】　A
2．set off
归纳拓展
(1)动身，出发
(2)燃放(烟火、鞭炮等)
(3)使爆炸
(4)把……衬托得美丽
(5)使某人开始做……
例句：They set off in search of the missing child.
他们出发去寻找那个丢失了的孩子。
It’s a custom for Chinese to set off firecrackers in the Spring Festival.
对于中国人来说，春节燃放鞭炮是一种风俗习惯。
The slightest movement will set off the device.
最轻微的动作就会使这个装置爆炸。
The red belt sets off her black dress.
那条红色皮带把她的黑色裙装衬托得很美。
Whatever you say will set her off crying now.
现在不管你说什么都会使她哭泣。
【链接训练】
①The funny look on the naughty boy's face ________ laughing.
A．set everybody here up　 B．sent everybody here up
C．set everybody here off　 D．took everybody here off
【解析】　set sb. up“使更强壮”；send sb. up“取笑、讽刺某人”；take sb. off“调离；带走”；set sb. off doing sth.“使某人做某事”。根据题意选C。
②He decided to ________ Beijing to attend the medical conference.
A．set off from B．set off for
C．set off D．set off to
【解析】　句意为：他决定启程去北京参加医学大会。set off for “启程到某地”。【答案】　B
...I don’t think I’ve ever seen anything else so beautiful in my life.
……我想我一生中从未见过这么美的景色。
句中don't...ever...so beautiful...结构表示最高级的意思。
归纳拓展
下列结构均表示最高级意义：

(2)否定词＋so...as...
(3)as...as ever

(5)否定词＋比较级(＋than...)＝最高级
例句：He has never spent a more worrying day.
他度过了极其忧心忡忡的一天。
I don’t get up so early as my mother.
我没有像妈妈那么早起来。
China is larger than any of the other countries in Asia.中国是亚洲最大的国家。
John did more work than anyone else.
约翰干活最多。
Nobody can do the work better than he did.
这项工作他做得最好。
【链接训练】
—It's wrong for a student to follow ________ his teachers say.
—It's true.I can't agree ________.
A．whatever；more B．no matter what；more
C．no matter what；much D．whatever；much
【解析】　由“I can't agree more.我再同意不过了”，可排除C、D项；又由于no matter what不可作say的宾语，排除B项，选A。【答案】　A
语法
1．过去分词作状语
(1)过去分词(v.ed)是分词的一种，它表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动的含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式，不及物动词的过去分词则只表示完成。过去分词与句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，且在句子中可表示时间、条件、原因、伴随、方式等状语，分别相当于与之对应的状语从句，但过去分词作伴随方式状语时，则相当于并列复合句。
例句：Seriously injured，he had to be taken to hospital.
由于伤得严重，只好把他送往医院。
Given more time(＝If we had been given more time)，we could have done it better.
如果给我们的时间多一些，我们本来会做得更好。
An old man entered，supported by a girl.
一位老人在一个女孩的搀扶下走了进来。
注意：过去分词表示在谓语动作之前发生的动作，本身就有被动含义，所以只有一般式没有完成式。故及物动词的having been done就等于done。
例句：Having been praised by the teacher，he works harder than before.
＝Praised by the teacher，he works harder than before.
得到老师表扬之后，他比之前更努力学习了。
(2)根据需要，动词ed形式前面也可以加上when，while，until，once，though，although，as long as，so long as，unless，as if，as though，even if，even though等词。as后不能跟动词ed形式。在before，after，without等词后必须用being done结构形式。
例句：Unless invited，I won't attend the gettogether.
除非受到邀请，否则我不会参加聚会。
Before being called，remain where you are.
叫你之前，待在原地别动。
注意：若过去分词作状语且它的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，就要有自己的逻辑主语，这样就构成了独立主格结构。
例句：The work done，they were all very tired.
当工作做完时，他们都非常疲劳。
【链接训练】
①________ rapidly by the body，sugar provides a quick energy source.
A．Digested B．Digesting
C．To digest D．Having digested
【解析】　句意为：糖提供的能量能被身体迅速消化。动词digest与主语sugar存在动宾关系，故此题用过去分词作状语。【答案】　A
②________ in a recent English speech contest,25 students from Henan Province were sent to Australia for a short visit.
A．Having judged the best
B．Judging the best
C．To be judged the best
D．Judged the best
【解析】　judge与主语25 students是被动关系，故用过去分词形式，意为“被认为是……”。【答案】　D
③________ the month and the year，the book was put on the bookshelf.
A．Being marked B．Marked with
C．Marking with D．Having marked
【解析】　mark当“作记号于，标明”讲时，为及物动词，由于the book与mark这个动作是被动关系，故用过去分词。【答案】　B
④________ in the right foot，Liu Xiang had to give up his match in the Olympics.
A．Hurting B．Hurt
C．To hurt D．To be hurt
【解析】　句意为：由于右脚受伤，刘翔不得不放弃奥运会上的比赛。hurt和主句中的主语刘翔构成逻辑上的被动关系，因此这里要用过去分词，故选B。
2．短语动词
(1)短语动词是由动词、介词、副词三者通过一定的结合而组成的，主要有如下几种：
①动词＋副词
pick out选出来；ring up打电话；give in屈服
注意：这类短语动词可分为及物动词性质和不及物动词性质两类。具有及物动词性质的短语动词的宾语如果是名词，该名词可置于动词和副词之间或副词之后；如果是代词，这个代词就只能置于动词和副词之间。
例句：They will have to find means to get over the difficulty.他们必须想方设法克服困难。
The temperature will go up quickly.
温度很快会升高。
Tigers would die out if men were allowed to shoot as many as they wished.
如果允许人们随意捕杀老虎，老虎就会灭绝。
②动词＋介词
agree with同意……；adapt to适应……；depend on依靠……；bring about使发生……；look after照顾……
注意：这类短语动词均为及物动词性质，其宾语不管是名词还是代词，都只能放在介词之后。
例句：I ran into an old friend in the street.
我在街上偶遇一个老朋友。
She had to look after her sick mother.
她不得不照看生病的妈妈。
③动词＋副词＋介词
add up to总计为；break away from改掉，脱离掉；catch up with赶上；drop in on顺便来访；get down to开始认真做
例句：He got on well with people there.
他和那儿的人都相处得很好。
You should keep away from those bad children.
你应该远离那些坏孩子。
Don’t look down upon him.别看不起他。
④动词＋名词＋介词
shake hands with握手；set fire to纵火；take aim at瞄准；take pride in以……为自豪；get rid of摆脱掉
例句：I caught sight of her just now.
刚才我看见她了。
He is tired of this kind of life.
他厌烦了这种生活。
Don’t do wrong to innocent persons.
别冤枉无辜的人们。
【链接训练】
①In modern times，people have to learn to ______ all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.
A．keep with B．stay with
C．meet with D．live with
【解析】　考查动词短语辨析。句意为：在现代，尽管人们过着舒适的生活，但他们不得不学会承受各种压力。live with sth.“忍受，容忍(不愉快的事)”；meet with sth.“经历，体验(不愉快的事)”。A、B两项不是固定短语，它们的意思分别与keep，stay有关。故正确答案为D。
②With proper measures，the economy in China is beginning to________again.
A．rise up　 B．hold on　
C．pick up　 D．take on
【解析】　考查动词短语。句意为：随着正确措施的实施，中国的经济开始好转。pick up在此意为“好转、改善”。【答案】　C
③After studying in a medical college for five years，Jane______her job as a doctor in the countryside.
A．set out B．took over
C．took up D．set up
【解析】　考查动词短语辨析。本句的意思是：在一所医学院学习了五年之后，简在农村开始行医。set out 后面常跟to do sth.，意为“着手做某事”；此短语也可表示“动身，出发，安排，组织”之意；take over“接管，接替”；take up“从事，开始(做)”；set up“建立，创立”。根据句意可知答案为C。
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