中英对照白皮书:《中国交通运输发展》.doc
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1、2016年12月29日,国务院新闻办公室发表中国交通运输发展白皮书。全文如下: The State Council Information Office of the Peoples Republic of China published a white paper titled Development of Chinas Transport on Dec. 29, 2016. Following is the full text: 中国交通运输发展(2016年12月)中华人民共和国国务院新闻办公室Development of Chinas TransportDecember 2016The
2、State Council Information Officeof the Peoples Republic of China目 录Contents前 言 Preamble一、发展历程 I. Course of Development二、综合交通运输体系建设 II. Comprehensive Transport System三、发挥基础性先导性服务性作用 III. Playing a Basic, Pioneering and Serving Role四、对外开放与国际合作 IV. Opening up and International Cooperation五、未来五年的发展目标 V.
3、 Development Goals for the Next Five Years结束语 Conclusion前 言 Preamble新中国成立以来,特别是改革开放以来,交通运输面貌发生了历史性变化,为经济社会发展、人民群众安全便捷出行作出了重要贡献。 Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) in 1949, and especially since the introduction of the reform and opening-up policy in 1978, Chinas transport has u
4、ndergone historic changes, making significant contributions to the countrys social and economic development, and the peoples safe and convenient travel.新世纪以来,中国政府全面深化交通运输改革,加快建设现代综合交通运输体系,不断提升交通运输行业治理体系和治理能力现代化水平,交通运输进入了各种运输方式交汇融合、统筹发展的新阶段 Since the start of the 21st century, the Chinese government
5、has furthered the reform in transport, built a modernized comprehensive transport system, improved the management system, and modernized management capacity in transport, bringing Chinas transport to a new stage that incorporates multiple modes of transport and promotes their coordinated development
6、.2020年,中国将全面建成小康社会。实现第一个“百年目标”,交通运输需要进一步加快发展,充分发挥基础性先导性服务性作用,当好先行官,为全面建成小康社会提供坚强保障。 China intends to complete the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects by 2020, which is the first of its Two Centenary Goals. For this end, transport should quicken its pace of development, and fu
7、lly play its basic, pioneering and serving role as a vanguard and solid guarantee for completing the building of a moderately prosperous society in all respects.一、发展历程 I. Course of Development新中国成立之初,交通运输面貌十分落后。全国铁路总里程仅2.18万公里,有一半处于瘫痪状态。能通车的公路仅8.08万公里,民用汽车5.1万辆。内河航道处于自然状态。民航航线只有12条。邮政服务网点较少。主要运输工具还是
8、畜力车和木帆船等。 When the PRC was founded in 1949, transport was underdeveloped. Total railway length was only 21,800 km, half of which was paralyzed. Highway traffic length was only 80,800 km, and civil automobiles numbered only 51,000. Inland waterways were undeveloped, and only 12 civil air routes were
9、operative. Postal outlets were limited. The major means of transport were animal-drawn vehicles and primitive boats.新中国成立后,中国政府明确提出首先要创造一些基本条件恢复交通运输。经过3年的国民经济恢复期,修复了被破坏的交通运输设施设备,恢复了水陆空运输。1953年起,开始有计划地进行交通运输建设。在第一个、第二个五年计划和国民经济调整期间(19531965年),国家投资向交通运输倾斜,改造和新建了一批铁路、公路、港口码头、民用机场,提高了西部和边远地区的交通运输基础设施覆盖程
10、度,疏浚了主要航道,新开辟了国际、国内水路和空中航线,扩大了邮政网络,增加了运输装备数量。Following the founding of the PRC, the Chinese government decided to create the basic conditions to restore transport. During the economic recovery period (1949-1952) damaged transport facilities were repaired, and water, land and air transport were resum
11、ed. In 1953 China began to develop transport in a planned way. During the First (1953-1957) and Second (1958-1962) Five-Year Plan periods and the economic adjustment period (1961-1965) China tilted state investment in support of transport. It renovated and built a number of railways, highways, ports
12、 and piers, and civil airports; expanded the transport infrastructure coverage in the western and remote regions; dredged major navigation channels; opened new international and domestic sea and air routes; expanded the postal network; and increased the amount of transport equipment.“文化大革命”期间(196619
13、76年),交通运输发展一度受到严重干扰,但设施和装备规模、运输线路仍在增加,特别是针对沿海主要港口压船、压港、压货日趋严重的局面,加快了港口基础设施建设。在此期间,管道运输也得到了发展。 During the Cultural Revolution (1966-1976), transport was seriously disturbed, but facilities, equipment and routes kept increasing; in view of the severe delays in unloading and transshipment, and overstoc
14、king at major coastal ports, port infrastructure construction was accelerated; and pipeline transport developed.1978年,改革开放揭开了中国经济社会发展的新篇章,交通运输步入了快速发展阶段。中国政府把交通运输放在优先发展的位置,加大政策扶持力度,在放开交通运输市场、建立社会化融资机制方面进行开创性探索,积极扭转交通运输不适应经济社会发展的被动局面。The reform and opening-up policy adopted in 1978 ushered in a new st
15、age of social and economic development, bringing about the rapid development of transport. The Chinese government prioritized transport development, increased pertinent policy support, made pioneering attempts to open wider the transport market and establish social financing mechanisms, and reversed
16、 the adverse situation that transport was unable to match social and economic development.铁路实行经济承包责任制;出台了提高养路费征收标准、开征车辆购置附加费以及“贷款修路、收费还贷”等扶持公路发展的三项政策;公路、水运工程建设项目开始实行招投标制度;港口率先对外开放,海运业最早实现“走出去”;民航走上了企业化发展道路,航空运输市场开始形成;实施邮政管理体制改革,成立中国速递服务公司,恢复办理邮政储蓄业务;加大交通运输建设投资力度,吸引社会资本参与基础设施建设。1988年沪嘉高速公路通车,实现中国大陆高速
17、公路零的突破。 China implemented the contract responsibility system in railway operation; issued three policies for supporting highway development, namely, raising highway maintenance fee levied on highway users, collecting vehicle purchase tax, and building highways with loans and repaying the loans with
18、tolls. Highway construction and water transport engineering projects started to adopt public bidding. Ports were the first to be opened up to the outside world, and sea transport was the first sector to go global. Civil aviation began to operate as an enterprise, and an air transport market took sha
19、pe. The postal services management system was reformed, Express Mail Service (EMS) was set up, and postal savings services were resumed. Investment in transport development was increased and non-government capital was attracted to go into transport infrastructure construction. In 1988 the Shanghai-J
20、iading Expressway was opened to traffic, the first expressway on Chinas mainland.1992年,中国确立了建立社会主义市场经济体制的改革目标。交通运输不断加大改革开放力度,各种运输方式发展取得突破性进展。开展铁路建设大会战,1997年起铁路进行了连续六次大提速。公路和水运实施公路主骨架、水运主通道、港站主枢纽和支持保障系统的“三主一支持”规划,制定了加快建设步伐的目标任务。民航机场建设费和基础设施建设基金、铁路建设基金、内河航运建设基金先后设立。为应对东南亚金融危机,中国实施积极的财政政策,公路建设投资进入“快车道”
21、,高速公路建设大规模兴起。实施西部大开发战略,全面加强西部地区铁路、公路、机场、天然气管道干线建设。提出“修好农村路,服务城镇化,让农民兄弟走上油路和水泥路”发展目标,掀起农村公路建设新高潮。深化港口管理体制改革,加快港口建设。实行邮电分营和邮政政企分开,邮政向信息流、资金流和物流“三流合一”的现代邮政业方向发展。In 1992 China set the reform goal of establishing a socialist market economic system. Reform and opening-up efforts were furthered in transpor
22、t while the development of various modes of transport achieved breakthrough progress. Since 1997, it has raised its average railway speed six times as a result of large-scale construction. A plan was made to build a transport framework where highways, waterways and ports play the major role, and put
23、 in place an advanced transport support system. A goal was set to accelerate related construction. China began to collect civil airport construction fees, and set up a civil airport infrastructure construction fund, a railway construction fund and an inland water transport construction fund in succe
24、ssion. To address the Financial Crisis starting in Southeast Asia, China implemented proactive fiscal policies to speed up investment in highway construction, which spurred the emergence of large-scale expressway construction. Around that time, the country implemented the strategy of developing the
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