新版人教版八年级下册unit1-8笔记整理.doc

Unit1笔记整理1、What s the matter with you?= Whats the trouble with you? = What s wrong with you?你怎么了？= Whats up? = What happens to sb.?2、 as a matter of fact= in fact 事实上, 实际上【拓展】matter的用法It doesnt matter 没关系 （用来回答别人道歉时的用语）3、have a cold 受凉;感冒 have a/an + 疾病名词 “患病” (cold/fever/cough) have a sore throat 患喉咙痛 have a sore back 患背痛 have a fever 发烧 have a cold =catch a cold 患感冒 have a stomachache 患胃痛 have a toothache患牙痛 have a headache 患头痛 have a backache患背痛4、back n 背；背部 at the back of.在.的后面 go/come back 返回 give back 归还5、hand in hand 手拉手 V 交给；传递 hand in 上交 hand on 依次传递 hand out 分发6、enough 的用法 (1) adj.足够的，充分的 修饰名词时，可放在名词之前或之后 enough time，enough money (2) adv. “足够地， 十分，相当”修饰adj./adv,必须放在adj./adv 后 expensive enough (3) be +adj. +enough to do sth.足够的去做某事 He is strong enough to carry the box.7、drink some hot tea with honey. 喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。with ：prep “具有， 带有” , 表示某物带有或具有某种特征。She is a girl with long hair. with （反） withoutprep. 和.一起 I like to talk with my friends. prep 用.， 表示“使用某种工具”Cut it with a knife.8、see a dentist = go to a dentist看牙医 see a doctor = go to a doctor 看医生9、感官动词+ like， 后接名词或名词性短语作表语。“sound like 听起来像feel like 摸起来像 smell like 闻起来像 look like 看起来像 taste like 尝起来像10、need v 需要 用于肯定句是实义动词 (1) need sth 需要某物 I need your help. (2) 人做主语，sb need to do sth 某人需要做某事Do you need to drink more water? (3) 物做主语，sth need doing sth = sth need to be done My TV set needs repairing. 用于否定句是情态动词 neednt = dont have to 没有必要 must ,need 引导的疑问句肯定回答用11、along/ down 相同点： prep “顺着；沿着” 不同点：along 强调顺着水平方向 down 指“沿着下坡或者往南走”12、see （saw , seen） v 看见 see sb. do sth 看见某人做某事 （看到动作发生的全过程或经常看到动作发生） see sb. doing sth 看见某人正在做某事 （强调动作正在发生）13、lie/lai/v. (lay/lei/ )躺 ；平躺 lie lay lain v 躺下，(现在分词lying ). lie down 躺下 lie down and rest 躺下休息14、get off 下车 (反） get on 上车 get up起床 get back回来；取回 get over克服；度过 get onalong well with与相处融洽 get in a word插话 get to到达 15、surprise spraz v 使吃惊surprising adj. 令人吃惊的 surprised adj. 吃惊的 surprise sb 使某人吃惊 The bad news surprised me. be surprised at 对感到吃惊 be surprised to do sth 做某事而感到惊讶 be surprised + that从句 因.而惊讶 n. 可以做名词“惊讶”to ones surprise 使某人吃惊的是 in surprise 吃惊地 16、agree v (反)disagree agreement n同意(1) agree with sb. 同意某人 I agree with you.(2)agree to do sth 同意做某事 17、thanks to 对亏；由于thanks to为习语介词，thanks不可以改为thank you，to后也不接动词原形，这个短语表示原因，意为“由于”、“多亏”，to表示感谢的对象 thanks for ，意为“因而感谢”，for强调为何而感谢，其后可接名词或v-ingthanks相当于 thank you ，18、 at times=sometimes 有时 have a good time 玩得高兴 have time =be free 有空 all the time 一直 at the same time 同时 by the time 到时候for the first time 第一次 【句型】 Its time to do sth =Its time for sth 是该做某事的时间了 It takes sb. some time to do sth 做某事花费某人多长时间s19、think about 考虑；认为【短语】：think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑 think up = come up with 想出20、hit/hit/v. (hit/hit/)( 用手或器具）击；打 hit sb. 击中/撞到某人 The ball hit him in the face.21、trouble/trbl/n .问题；苦恼get into trouble造成麻烦（或烦恼）be in trouble 处于困境中have trouble （in) doing sth/with sth.做某事有困难22、enjoy oneself=have fun =have a good time玩得高兴23、teach oneself=learn by oneself 自学 by oneself =alone 独自 help oneself to 随便吃introduce oneself to 自我介绍反身代词必须与主语保持人称的一致。24、fall fell fallen v 落下； 跌落fall down 摔倒，（强调“滑倒，摔倒”，指失去平衡而摔倒，后接宾语时，应加上介词from She fell down from her bikefall off 指从某物上跌落下来。 The girl fell off the bike. = The girl fell down from the bike.fall into 落入 The leaf fell into the river. fall behind 落后 fall in love with sb. 爱上某人fall asleep 入睡25、feel sick 生病；不舒服sick /ill adj.(1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。sick person = patient“病人”be sick of “讨厌；厌恶” (2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语，be ill in hospital 生病住院 ill illness n.“病；疾病”26、be interested in=become interested in interest n 兴趣 interesting adj. 令人有兴趣的interested adj. 对感兴趣v. 引起关注；使感兴趣 interest sb.eg：This book interests me very much.be interested in sth./ doing sth.对变得感兴趣 = show great interest in sth. / doing sth.表现出对的极大兴趣; (1) take/have an interest in =be interested in 对感兴趣(2) places of interest 名胜 lose interest in 失去兴趣27、(1) use v.使用useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完Studying English is_(use).(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事We use Internet _(find) information.(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。 I used to get up at six.(4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事My grandpa is used _(live) in country. (5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth Stamps is used _(post) letters.【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses. 他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。28、one of .之一【结构】“one of + the +adj.最高级 +n 复数” ， 做主语，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。 One of the most popular colors is red in China.29、almost / nearly /hardly almost和nearly作为副词,都可以译为“差不多”、“几乎”、“将近”等。都是程度副词, 有时它们可以相互取代,而 hardly是几乎不的意思，是否定词。30、lose lost lost v 失去 lose ones life 失去生命 lose ones way迷路lost还可以做形容词，表示丢失了的，lost31、because of 由于； 因为【拓展】because/because of【记】：跟句子时用because ,加名词短语时用because of词性 用法because 连词后接句子because of 介词短语后接名词或/ving【注】： (1) because of +n/ving /代词宾格(用于句中) Shes worried because of her son.(2) because conj +从句 （引导原因状语从句） He didnt go to school yesterday because he was ill.(3) because 还可以回答why 引导的句子 Why do you like pandas? Because they are cute.(4) because 和so 不能一起连用，二者只能用其一。32、find found found v寻找 (1) find sb. doing sth 发现某人做某事 (2) find it + adj. + to do sth 发现做某事很find it difficult/ hard to do sth 发现做某事很困难33、by oneself= alone = on ones own adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。34、run ran run v跑run out of =use up 用完【区别】：sb.run out of sth 其主语通常是人Sth.run out 其主语通常是物【短语】： run across 偶然遇见 run after 追求,追逐run away 逃跑 run at 向.冲去35、own adj. 自己的ones own 某人自己的of ones own +n 某人自己的 v 拥有 owner n 所有者，物主I want to have a house of my own.=I want to have my own house.36、The boy spoke loudly so that everyone could hear him clearly.为了能赶上车，她起得很早。(目的状语从句)so that 以便，为了 引导目的状语从句, 可以替换成in order that.从句常出现情态动词may/ might .can/ could等，37、mean meant meant v 意味着 meaning n 意思(1)mean doing sth. 意味着做某事mean to do sth. 打算做某事 询问 “.的意思”的常用句型：What does . mean? = What is the meaning of.?38、get out of 离开，从出来反义get into陷入，【拓展】与get 相关的短语： getup起床 getto到达 get back 返回 geton上车 getoff 下车 getonwith与友好相处；39、 important adj. 重要的（反）unimportant importance n 重要性My parents have taught me the_(.的重要性)of working hard.Anyone can see the _(important) of good health.40.decide v 决定-decision n 决定 (1)decide to do sth= make up ones mind to do sth 决定做某事 (2)make a decision (to do sth)做决定 41. so that 如此.以致 “So +adj.+ that” “如此以至” 引导结果状语从句so后面接形容词、副词He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag.42keep on (doing sth) 继续或坚持做某事 ,但是中间有间断keep doing sth. 一直做某事，中间不间断 keep sb. doing sth 让某人一直做某事43.the same as 和.一样 be not the same as = be different from 与.不同44.die v. （延续性动词） be dead 死，死亡 death n. 死，死亡dead adj. 死的 dying adj. 将死的45.mind v 介意 n 头脑，想法，记忆 【短语】make up ones mind 下定决心 never mind 不要紧 change ones mind 改变主意 keep in mind 记住【句型】Would you mind doing sth 你介意做某事吗？46.give up 放弃give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做某事Unit2 笔记1. You could help clean up the city parks.你可以帮助打扫城市公园。【解析1】help v helpful 1). help sb. to do sth. 帮助某人做某事。 2). help oneself （ to ）自用（食物等）。 3). help sb. out 帮助某人克服困难，渡过难关、解决问题、完成工作。 4). with the help of 在帮助下。 5). help sb. with sth. 帮助某人做某事。 6).Cant help doing 情不自禁做.clean up the table = clean the table up 2. The girl could visit the sick kids in the hospital to cheer them up. 女孩可以去医院看望生病的孩子们，让他们振作起来。【解析1】sick /ill ： (1) sick adj.“生病的”，既可放be (系动词)后作表语，也可放n.前作定语。 be sick of “讨厌；厌恶” sick person = patient“病人” (2) ill adj.“生病的”，只能放be (系动词)后作表语， be ill in hospital 生病住院 ill illness n.“病；疾病” . You look very tired. You must be sick. (= ill) .He had a sick mother. 他有一位生病的母亲【解析2】in the hospital 与in hospital (1) in the hospital“在医院” 指人在医院里，允许是在医院上班，允许是到医院看望病人等；(2) in hospital “在医院；住院” 指生病住院。 类似的短语有：in the bed“在床上”，也许是蹲在床上或站在床上； in bed“在床上”指躺在床上【解析3】cheer up 使振奋，使高兴的（v. +adv）cheer sb. up =make sb. happy 使某人高兴 cheer me up 使我高兴3. The boy could give out food at the food bank. 男孩可以在食物站分发食物【解析】give out =hand out分发(v. +adv) hand out bananas give out sth to sb. 分.给某人【短语】：give in 屈服 give back=return 归还 give a speech 发表 give sb. a call 给打电话 give away 赠送give away money to kids give sb. a hand =help sb. 帮助某人 give up doing sth =stop doing sth放弃做某事give up smoking 放弃吸烟 give sb. sth = give sth to sb. 给某人某物 give me money 给我钱=give money to me 给我线4. We need to come up with a plan for the City Park Clean -up Day. 我们需要为城市公园清洁日想出一个计划。【解析】come up with =think up 想出 catch up with 赶上 追上【短语】：think about 考虑 think of 想起 think over 仔细考虑【谚语】 Think before you act 三思而后行【拓展】v+up with 构成的短语： catch up with 赶上；追上 keep up with 跟上；跟、保持联系 put u with 容忍； 忍得住 end up with 结束；以.而结束5. Oh , what did they ask you to help out with? 哦，他们让你帮助做些什么？【解析】help out （with）帮助； 帮助.出来 help sb. out 使某人脱离困境6. They told me stories about the past and how things used to be. 他们给我讲过去的故事，并告诉我过去事情是什么样子的。【解析1】 (1) use v.使用useful adj. 有用的 use up 用完Studying English is_(use).(2) use sth to do sth 用某物做某事We use Internet _(find) information.(3) used to do sth 过去常常做某事，表示过去做过的事现在已经不做，只用于过去时态。 (4) be /get used to doing sth 习惯于做某事My grandpa is used _(live) in country. (5) be used to do sth 被用来做某事=be used for doing sth 【记】 He used to wear glasses . But now he is used to wearing contact lenses. 他以前常戴（框架）眼镜，但现在习惯戴隐形眼镜。7. That sounds interesting. 那听起来挺有趣。【解析】sound (1)n声音 We heard a strange sound. 【辨析】Sound/noise/voicesound(n.)指自然界中所有的声音，可指悦耳的声音也可指噪音。noise一般指很响的，刺耳的声音，即喧闹，嘈杂声等。voice指人通过发音器官发出的声音（包括说话，唱歌等）。 Mary has a beautiful voice. 玛丽的声音很美。 Dont make such a noise. 别这样大声喧哗。 8. Yeah, a lot of old people are lonely. 是的，很多老年人都很孤独。【解析】alone / lonely 辨析：(1)alone = by oneself adj. 单独的，指无人陪伴的客观事实，不带感情色彩。He often walks alone to home .(2)lonely 指人孤独的，寂寞的，强调主观感受；也可指某个地方是荒凉的9. We should listen to them and care for them . 我们应该倾听他们说话并且关心他们。【解析】care for 照看；照顾； 照料 【拓展】care的短语总结 take care =be careful v.当心，小心 take care of =look after v.照顾，照料，照看 take care of 处理，做完 care for v.照顾，照看 10. Mario Green and Mary Brown from Riverside High School give up several hours each week to help others. 来自河畔高中的马里奥。格林和玛丽每周都会花几个小时去帮助别人。【解析1】give up 放弃 give up doing sth=stop doing sth 放弃做某事【解析2】several可作定语，表示“几个”：= a fewSeveralboyswereinjured.有几个小伙子伤了。 Myfriendspeaksseverallanguages.我的朋友能讲几种语言11. He volunteers at an animal hospital every Saturday morning. 他每周六早上在动物医院做志愿者。【解析】volunteer v 志愿 n 志愿者 volunteer to do sth 志愿做某事Jack volunteered _(carry) the water.They often _(自愿去教) the children12. . But I want to learn more about how to care for animals. 但是我想学习更多的关于如何照顾动物的知识【解析】 “疑问词+不定式”作及物动词的宾语，【记】：I dont know what to do.I dont know how to do it .I dont know what to do with it.【拓展】 “特殊疑问词 + 不定式” 与 “wh 从句的转换。 转换时只需在疑问词后加主语（与主句主语一致），并将不定式改成“should +v原形“做谓语。I dont know how to solve the problem.= I dont know how I should solve the problem. I dont know what _(bring) to the party.He wanted to know when_(go).13. I get such a strong feeling of satisfaction when I see the animals get better and the look of joy on their owners faces. 当我看到动物们变得更好，并且它们的主人的脸上呈现喜悦之情时，我有一种很强烈的满足感。【解析1】such词条词性用法常用结构such形容词修饰名词such a/an +形容词+可数名词单数no/any/ some/ all/ many 等+such+名词such+ 除many/few之外的形容词+可数名词复数such +除much/little之外的形容词+ 不可数名词so程度副词修饰形容词或副词so+ 形容词+a/an + 可数名词复数so+ many/few +可数名词复数so+ much/little+不可数名词【解析1】(1)so that 如此.以致 “So +adj.+ that” “如此以至” 引导结果状语从句 so后面接形容词、副词He was so strong that he could lift the heavy bag.【记】名前such,形副so，多多少少（many, much, few, little）都用so。【解析2】get better 变得更好14. She could read by herself at the age of four. 她在四岁的时候就能够独自阅读。【解析】at the age of 在.岁的时候= when sb. was .years old.15. Last year, she decided to try out for a volunteer after-school reading program.去年，她决定尝试在一个课后阅读项目中做一名志愿者。【解析】try out 尝试；实验 try v 试图，设法，努力 【拓展】 (1)try on 试穿 (2) try to do sth 努力做某事 【侧重尽力做】 (3) try doing sth 试图做某事 【侧重尝试做】(4)try ones best to do sth= do ones best to do sth 尽某人最大努力做某事 She still works there once a week to help kids learn to read.她仍然每周在那里工作一次，帮助孩子们学习阅读。【解析】once a week 一周一次【拓展】once = one time一次 twice= two times 两次【注】：三次或三次以上用：“基数词+times”three times 三次 four times 四次 three or four times 三到四次I chat with my friends online_(一两次) a week.17. .，but you can see in their eyes theyre going on a different journey with each new book,., 但是你能从他们的眼睛里看到他们正随着每本新书在进行不 同的旅行。【解析】go on a journey = go on a trip去旅行18. Volunteering here is a dream come true for me.对于我来说，在这里做志愿工作使我梦想成真。【解析】 come true 实现词条是否接宾语用法achieve是主语一般为“人”come true否主语一般是“梦想；理想”We want to see young people _(实现他们的梦想)。_(实现) your dream through great effort is really cool.【拓展】与come相关的短语：【短语】come and go 来来回回 come from 来自 come back 回来 come out 出来 come on 加油，快点 come in 进来 come back 回来come over 顺便来访 come true 实现 come up with 想出19. I can do what I love to do and help others at the same time.我不但可以做我自己喜欢的事，同时还可以帮助其他人。【解析】at the same time 同时, 20. However, few people think about what they can do to help others.然而，很少有人会考虑他们能做些什么来帮助他人。【解析1】however 然而【辨析】however和but二者都意为“可是，但是”； but是并列名词，连接两个并列分句，上下二句在总的意义上构成了对比。Ireallydontlikecheese,butIwilltryjustalittlethistime.我实在是不喜欢吃奶酪，但是这次我要尝一点。 however不能直接连接两个分句，必须另起新句，并用逗号隔开。 Itwasraininghard.However,wewentouttolookfortheboy. 雨下得很大，不过我们还是出去寻找那个孩子【解析2】few 几乎没有词条含义修饰的名词的数例句few几乎没有（表否定含义）可数名词复数They know few of usa few 一些（表肯定含义）He made a few mistakeslittle几乎没有（表否定含义）不可数名词I spend very little on fooda little 一些（表肯定含义）I know a little about the story【注】 a few/ few (1)a few, few 用来修饰可数名词。(2)a few “有一些”，表示肯定概念，few 几乎没有，表示否定意义。 Th