大学英语四级翻译常考句式及词组.doc

(完整word)大学英语四级翻译常考句式及词组
大学英语四级翻译常考句式及词组
一、常用单词组

education 教育
input in education 教育投入
communal participation 社会参与
enhance the moral awareness of 提高……的思想品德
professional ethics 职业道德
credit system 学分制
guarantee job assignments 包分配
multidisciplinary 多学科的
key university 重点大学
national expenditure on education 国家教育经费
account for…％ 占百分比
intercultural communication 国际文化交流
equal stress on integrity and ability 德才兼备
to become educated through independent study 自学成材
compulsory education 普及教育
preschool/elementary/secondary/higher/ education 学前/初等/中等/高等教育
adult education 成人教育
vocational and technical education 职业技术教育
institutions of higher learning 高等学校
inservice training course 在职进修班
compulsory/optional course 必修/选修课
record of formal schooling 学历
diploma 文凭， 学历证明

二、常用句型

1、It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型
She had said what it was necessary to say。

2、强调句型
It is not who rules us that is important , but how he rules us。

3、”All+抽象名词”或"抽象名词+itself”（very+形容词）
He was all gentleness to her.

4、利用词汇重复表示强调
A crime is a crime a crime。

5、"something(much）of"和”nothing(little）of" ”something of"相当于”to some extent"，表示程度。在疑问句或条件从句中,则为"anything of "，可译为"有点”，"略微等.”"译为毫无”，”全无”。”much of"译为”大有"，"not much of"可译为”算不上",”称不上"，”little of”可译为”几乎无"。something like译为”有点像，略似。”
They say that he had no universty education , but he seems to be something of a scholar。

6、同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物,”of”以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰”of"后面的那个名词。如"her old sharper of a father”，可译为：”她那骗子般的父亲”.
Those pigs of girls eat so much。

7、as…as…can(may）be
It is as plain as plain can be。

8、"It is in(with）…as in（with)”
It is in life as in a journey。

9、”as good as…"相等于，就像，几乎如；实际上，其实，实在。
The merchant as good as promised the orphan boy， that he would adopt him.

10、”many as well…as”和"might as well …as" ”many as well…as”可译为”与其……，不如……,更好”，"以这样做……为宜”，"如同……，也可以……"等等."might as well…as"表示不可能的事,可译为”犹如……”，”可与……一样荒唐",”与其那样不如这样的好”等等。
One may as well not know a thing at all as know it imperfectly。

11、"to make…of”的译法(使……成为……，把……当作)
I will make a scientist of my son。

12、too…+不定式”，not（never）too…+不定式","too…not+不定式
She is too angry to speak.

13、only(not, all， but， never） too …to do so "和"too ready (apt） + to do”结构中，不定式，凡是"not”，"all""but等字后+"too…to,"不定式都失去了否定意义,在"too ready(apt） +to do”结构中，不定式.
You know but too yell to hold your tongue。

14、"no more …than…"句型
A home without love is no more a home than a body without a soul is a man。

15、”not so much…as"和"not so much as …”结构，"not so much…as”="not so much as …"，其中as有进可换用but rather，可译为：”与其说是……毋须说是……"。而”not so much as”=”without（not)even，”可译为"甚至……还没有”。
The oceans do not so much divide the world as unite it .

16、"Nothing is more…than”和"Nothing is so …as"结构,"Nothing is more…than"和"Nothing is so …as"都具有最高级比较的意思，”Nothing I”可换用”no"，"nobody"，”nowhere","little”，"few"，"hardly"，"scarcely"等等，可译为”没有……比……更为","像……再没有了”，"最……"等.
Nothing is more precious than time.

17、”cannot…too…”结构，”cannot…too…"意为"It is impossible to overdo…”或者，即”无论怎样……也不算过分"。"not”可换用”hardly”,"scarcely”等，”too"可换用"enough”，”sufficient”等
You cannot be too careful。

18、"否定+but "结构,在否定词后面的”but"，具有”which not"，"who not"，"that not”，等等否定意义，构成前后的双重否定。可译成"没有……不是"或”……都……"等
Nothing is so bad but it might have been worse。

19、"否定+until(till）"结构,在否定词"no”,"not”，”never"，"little”，"few”，”seldom"等的后边所接用的”until/till"，多数情况下译为"直到……才……"，”要……才……”，把否定译为肯定。
Nobody knows what he can do till he has tried。

20、"not so…but"和"not such a…but"结构,这两个结构和”否定+but”的结构差不多，不同之点是这两个结构中的”but"是含有"that…not"意味的连续词，表示程度。可译为"还没有……到不能做……的程度"，”并不是……不……","无论怎样……也不是不能……”等。
He is not so sick but he can come to school。

21、"疑问词+should…but"结构，这个结构表示过去的意外的事,意为"none…but",可译为”除了……还有谁会……”，”岂料”，"想不到……竟是……"等.
Who should write it but himself？

22、"who knows but （that)…"和”who could should…but”结构，这个结构是反问形式,一般意译为"多半"，"亦未可知"等等,有时也可直译.
Who knows but （that） he may go？

23、"祈使句+and”和"祈使句+or"结构，”祈使句+and”表示”If…you…”，”祈使名+or"表示"if…not…，you。
Add love to a house and you have a home. Aad righteousness to a city and you have a community. Aad truth to a pile of red brick and you have a school。

24、”名词+and"结构,在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件，或表示时间。
A word， and he would lose his temper.

25、”名词+and"结构，在这个结构中，名词等于状语从句，或表示条件,或表示时间。
A word， and he would lose his temper。

26。It is not that…but that… 这不是说…，而是说…
27.nothing else than 完全是，实在是
「例文」What the man said was nothing else than nonsense.
「译文」那个人讲的话完全是一派胡言。 28.more…than…结构有三种译法:than连接肯定形式的从句时,该从句译为否定句；在比较的基础上表示选择关系时,可译为与其说…不如说；进行同类比较时,译成比…更。
「例文」The complexity of the human situation and injustice of the social order demand far more fundamental changes in the basic structure of society itself than some politicians are willing to admit in their speeches.
「译文」人类社会形势的复杂性和社会制度的不公正性要求对社会基本结构进行彻底变革，而一些政客口头上是很不愿意承认这一点的
28 虚拟语气是常考点
My computer must have gone wrong， because I could not boot it.
三、常用短语

A series of一系列，一连串
Above all首先，尤其是
After all毕竟,究竟
Ahead of 在..。之前
ahead of time 提前
all at once 突然,同时
all but 几乎;除了。。。都
all of a sudden 突然
all over 遍及
all over again 再一次，重新
all the time 一直,始终
all the same 仍然,照样的
as regards 关于,至于
anything but 根本不
as a matter of fact 实际上
apart from 除。..外（有/无）
as a rule 通常,照例
as a result（of） 因此，由于
as far as 。。。be concerned 就。。。而言
as far as 远至，到..。程度
as for 至于,关于
as follows 如下
as if 好像，仿怫
as good as 和。.。几乎一样
as usual 像平常一样，照例
as to 至于，关于
all right 令人满意的；可以
as well 同样，也,还
as well as 除.。.外(也），即。。。又
aside from 除。.。外（还有）
at a loss 茫然,不知所措
at a time 一次，每次
at all 丝毫（不),一点也不
at all costs 不惜一切代价
at all events 不管怎样,无论如何
at all times 随时，总是
at any rate 无论如何，至少
at best 充其量，至多
at first 最初，起先
at first sight 乍一看,初看起来
at hand 在手边，在附近
at heart 内心里,本质上
at home 在家，在国内
at intervals 不时,每隔..。
at large 大多数,未被捕获的
at least 至少
at last 终于
at length 最终，终于
at most 至多,不超过
at no time 从不,决不
by accident 偶然
at one time 曾经，一度;同时
at present 目前，现在
at sb’s disposal 任...处理
at the cost of 以..。为代价
at the mercy of 任凭.。。摆布
at the moment 此刻,目前
at this rate 照此速度
at times 有时，间或
back and forth 来回地，反复地
back of 在。.。后面
before long 不久以后
beside point 离题的,不相干的
beyond question 毫无疑问
by air 通过航空途径
by all means 尽一切办法，务必
by and by 不久,迟早
by chance 偶然，碰巧
by far 最,...得多
by hand 用手,用体力
by itself 自动地,独自地
by means of 用,依靠
by mistake 错误地,无意地
by no means 决不,并没有
by oneself 单独地,独自地
by reason of 由于
by the way 顺便说说
by virtue of 借助,由于
by way of 经由，通过。。.方法
due to 由于,因为
each other 互相
even if/though 即使，虽然
ever so 非常，极其
every now and then 时而,偶尔
every other 每隔一个的
except for 除了..。外
face to face 面对面地
far from 远非,远离
for ever 永远
for good 永久地
for the better 好转
for the moment 暂时,目前