大学英语精读第二册Unit-6.ppt

surgeon与与doctorlSurgeon(外科医生)means a doctor who performs operations;lDoctor(医生)means a person who knows how to treat diseases.lTherefore,physicians(内科医生),dentists(牙医)and surgeons(?)are all doctors.The title of the text:The Making of a SurgeonlThe title means“The cause of a surgeons success.”lTranslated as“外科医生的成功之道”l“making”means of gaining success“成功之道”;e.g.l The perseverance was the making of the writer.l(坚忍不拔是这位作家成功的因素。)而in the making=in the process of being made;ready to be produced“在制造中，在酝酿中”；le.g.l Our plans are still in the making.l(我们的计划还在酝酿之中。)l另外，makings=the qualities needed(具有)成为所需的素质；e.g.lHe has the makings of a good doctor.l(他具有成为好医生的素质。)resident v.s.residencylResident:（实习结束后进入高级训练阶段的）住院医生；doctor who lives in the hospital and continue practicing after completing his internship（n.美实习医生或实习教师、实习生的职位或职务；实习生）.lResidency:(高级专科)住院实习期；the last stage of a doctors training at a hospital.Emergency:n.sudden and dangerous happening needing immediate action 紧急紧急情况情况,急症急症,紧急事件紧急事件(多指具体的紧急事多指具体的紧急事件件)lE.g.lI keep a distinguisher in my car for use in(a)emergency.l(我车上备有一灭火器，在紧急时使用。)dread:v.fear greatly 畏惧，惧怕，害怕，畏惧，惧怕，害怕，担心担心l多指因预料有危险和有不愉快的事来临而产生的不安心情。e.g.lShe had always been in dread of meeting with an accident.l(她总是担心遇上意外事故.)particular:a.belonging to some one person,thing or occasion 特定的，特别的；特定的，特别的；（特别指众多事物中的个别）（特别指众多事物中的个别）n.细节，详情细节，详情llin particular:特别，尤其；详细地lho into particulars:详细叙述dwell（dwelt,dwelled）:vi.live(in a place)(尤指常住居民尤指常住居民)居住居住 细想：细想：dwell on(upon)=think,write or speak a lot about 老是想着，详述；谈/写/想得很多；强调；e.g.l Dont dwell too much upon the subject.l(这个题目不要谈论过多。)l He dwelt upon both merits and shortcomings of this program in his speech.l(在他的发言中,他详述了这个项目的优缺点。)l John dwelt on his mistake long after the test was over.l(考试结束很长一段时间里，约翰还忘不了(老是想着)自己的错误。)Be bound to(do)=be certain to(do)一定，必然一定，必然,准会。准会。E.g.l The plan is bound to succeed,we are bound to win.l(计划肯定会成功，我们一定会赢。)l Its bound to have had a bad effect on them.(这必然/肯定会对他们产生不良影响。)draw to a close=come to an end(即将即将)结束，结束，(即将即将)终结终结lE.g.lThis month drew to its close.l(这个月快要过去了。)l The meeting came to an end at last.l(会议终于结束了。)Live with=learn to accept(sth.unpleasant);tolerate学会适应，容忍学会适应，容忍le.g.lThe noise is so terrible that I cant live with it.l(噪音太大，我忍受不了。)Background informationlCareer in medicine in the U.S.(行医在美国)在美国作医生得先修完四年本科课程，至少先读四年大学，获得学士学位，然后在医学院再学习四年。毕业后一般先在医院作实习医生，接受训练和指导。要和医生一起巡视病房，帮助处理急诊。之后做“住院医生”。住院医生所担负的责任比实习医生要大，除了应继续向同行学习、专研业务外，还要经常在手术台旁作有经验的医生的助手，同时也接替在职医生处理急诊。住院医生在住院期间如表现突出，可提升为住院长，负起更多的责任。当实习医生及住院医生的年限，根据所学的专业的不同，或三年或五年不等。Three types of doctors in the U.S.美国医生的三种类型美国医生的三种类型一、全科医生(general practitioner)治疗所有常见疾病。在有些需要专门技术的病例中，患者要被介绍去看专家(也即，第二种医生)。二、专科医生(specialist),专科医生可分为牙科医生(dentist),儿科医生(pediatrican)，外科医生(surgeon)，内科医生(physician)，产科医生(obstertrician)等。三、医学研究者，他们同样受过医学训练，但不行医，只在医学院或大学的医学中心从事医学研究与教学工作。I would have trouble getting back to sleep。(我很难再重新入睡了。)lHave trouble(in)doing sth.=have difficulty in doing sth.“做某事有困难”e.g.lMany youngsters have trouble getting up early in winter.and,not infrequently,wonderlnot infrequently=frequently,只不过它比frequently语气更强。l“not+带否定前缀的词”是一种常见的双重否定结构。E.g.lIt is not impossible.l(这并非不可能的。)Id sweated through my share of stab wounds of the belly,of punctured lungs,of compound fractures.l=I had worked very hard,treating different patients who were assigned to mel译文：“我在处理腹部刺伤，肺穿孔及复合性骨折时，曾经冒过汗。”l(figurative use 比喻用法)=work very hard非常努力地工作;e.g.lThose who never sweat wont succeed.l(不努力的人是不会成功的。)(figurative use 比喻用法)=to be annoyed or worried,suffer severely 烦恼，焦虑，吃苦头；le.g.lHe was sweated to learn that he would miss the train.l(听说要误火车，他很焦急。听说要误火车，他很焦急。)lThey will sweat for the wrong they have done.l(他们要为犯下的错付出代价。他们要为犯下的错付出代价。)I could accept this fact with calmness,lwith calmness=calmly“冷静地”lwith(prep.)可接表示感情色彩的名词作状语。E.g.lHe did his work with effect(=effectly).l(他工作得很有成效。)lShe looked at me with sadness(=sadly).l(她悲伤地看着我。)Chances are that lChances are/were that=It is/was likely that 可能 e.g.lChances are that she has already heard the news.l(可能她已经听到这个消息了。)疑问词+ever引导的从句l疑问词+ever引导的从句既可以作状语，也可以做宾语等名词性从句(wherever和 however除外)。l Tell me whatever you know about the case.l(告诉我所有你了解的有关这个案件的情况。)l Wherever you go,dont forget your hometown.l(无论你走到哪里，都不要忘了自己的故乡。)lWhoever did it will take the consequence.l(无论谁干的，都必须承担后果。)lGive it to whomever you find.l(见到谁你就给谁。)Ex.14 Translationl1.只要你不断努力，你迟早会解决这个难题的。lIf/As long as you keep(on)trying,you will be able to resolve this difficult problem sooner or later.l2.我们预料我们的计划会受到抵制(resistance).lWe anticipate that our plan will encounter resistance.l3.吉姆的朋友说，他们那个城市的噪音污染十分严重，但是他们只好忍着。lJims friends said that the noise pollution in their city was terrible,but they had to live with it.l4.汤姆起初认为，凭他的知识、技术和经验，一定能够找到一份称心如意的工作。lAt first,Tom thought that with his knowledge,skill and experience,he was bound to find a satisfactory job.l5.冷静耐心地处理这个微妙(delicate)问题是明智的。lIt would be wise/advisable to handle the delicate problem with calmness and patience.l6.迪克以为，如果他拆不开那台机器，那么很可能厂里别的工人也拆不开。lDick thought that if he wasnt able to take this machine apart,chances were that no other worker in the factory could,either.l7.你是否认为公共汽车司机应对乘客的安全负完全的责任？lDo you think bus drivers should take full responsibility for the passengers safety?l8.你不必再去多想判断上的那些失误了.重要的是尽量避免再犯.lYou neednt dwell on your mistakes in judgment any more.Whats important is to try your best to avoid repeating them.lWhen the phone rang,Joe leaped from the edge of his chair and grabbed for it.lReach for sth.伸手去拿，伸手去取