TypesofIPC.ppt
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1、SMUSMProcess Management&IPCIn Multiprocessor Operating SystemsPresented by Group A1Garrick WilliamsonBrad CrabtreeAlex MacFarlaneSMUSMProcess Management&IPC Intro(Focus on Solaris)Garrick WilliamsonSMUSMIntroductionSunOS is the operating system component of the Solaris environment.It supports Symmet
2、ric Multiprocessing(SMP).See diagram on next page for an example of an SMP system.The kernel runs equally on all processors within a tightly coupled shared memory multiprocessor system.Control flows are entirely threads,including interrupts.SMUSMSMP System ExampleSMUSMSunOS 5.0 ArchitectureIn additi
3、on to Kernel level threads,SunOS also supports multiple threads of control,called lightweight processes(LWPs).There is one Kernel thread for each LWP.The Kernel threads are used when the LWPs perform system functions/calls.SMUSMSunOS Architecture DiagramSMUSMSynchronizationThreads/Processes synchron
4、ize through a variety of ways:Mutual Exclusion locksCondition VariablesCounting SemaphoresMultiple Readers and single writer locksThe Mutual Exclusion and writer locks use a priority inheritance protocol in order to prevent priority inversion.SMUSMSolaris IPCSolaris provides the following mechanisms
5、 for IPC:Simple,but limited mechanisms includeSignalsPipes and named pipes(FIFO)SocketsMore versatile mechanisms includeMessage QueuesShared memory(With Memory Mapped files and IPC shared Memory options)SemaphoresSMUSMSimple IPCPipes do not allow unrelated processes to communicate.Named pipes allow
6、unrelated processes to communicate,but are not private channels.Using the kill function,processes may communicate with signals,but only through signal numbers.SMUSMComplex IPCMessaging allows formatted data streams to be sent to arbitrary processes.Semaphores allow processes synchronization.And shar
7、ed memory allows processes to share part of their virtual address space.SMUSMIRIX Process Management And IPCBrad CrabtreeSMUSMOutlineHardware BackgroundProcess Management FacilitiesInterprocess Communication FacilitiesSMUSMLarge Scale Computing Machines a RealityThe Avalon A12.The Cambridge Parallel
8、 Processing Gamma II Plus.The Compaq AlphaServer SC.The Fujitsu AP3000.The Fujitsu VPP5000 series.The Hitachi SR8000 system.The HP Exemplar V2600.The IBM RS/6000 SP.The NEC Cenju-4.The NEC SX-5.The Quadrics Apemille.The SGI Origin 2000 series.The Sun E1000 Starfire.The Tera/Cray SV1.The Tera/Cray T3
9、E.The Tera MTA June 2001Raytheon installs 1152 processor Origin 3000 series at NOAA$67M900 BFLOPS/sec2 PB Tape LibrarySMUSMSGI Origin ArchitectureccNUMA(NUMALink)non-blocking crossbar switches as an interconnect fabric1.6GB-per-second crossbar switchSMUSMSwitch verses BusSMUSM“Cellular IRIX”Schedule
10、rFacilities for Improving Scalability and LocalityJob PrioritiesReal-Time JobsBatch CriticalTime ShareBatchWeightlessUser-level Scheduler ConceptSMUSMReal Time JobsGlobal Run Queue replaced with Implicit Binding Schemeimprove cache affinity and scalabilitybinds top N jobs,by priority,to N CPUsCPU is
11、 always available when real-time job comes in because currently running job is of lower priorityReal-Time jobs always go to same CPUSMUSMHard Real-Time in IRIXREACT/PRO ExtentionsLock processes,memory to CPUsDisable IRIX scheduler and replace with Frame Scheduler,Deadline Scheduler or None(yours)Dir
12、ect interrupts away from CPUsDeterministic interrupt latencySMUSMTime Sharing SchedulerDegrading Priority replaced with Earnings Model Distribution controlled by Virtual Multiprocessors(VMPs)at 1 HZ,VMPs balance run queues with nearest neighbors and push out extra workSMUSMParallel Job SchedulingGan
13、g Scheduling replaced with NanothreadsSpace sharing over Time SharingJob requests CPUs,gets#avail and then algorithm is re-blockedWhen thread preempted,context is saved to shared memory and User Level Scheduler re-blocks againSMUSMReplicated Kernel TextWired in 16MB TLB pair into kernel virtual memo
14、ry spaceOne read-only,one read-writeTLB miss exception overhead is avoidedSMUSMMemory MigrationTrying to avoid memory hot spotsReference counters in hub(local/remote)Fast Block Transfer EngineMarks Source Page as PoisonedLazy TLB ShootdownHysterisis for frequent migration managedSMUSMTypes of IPC&Co
15、mpatibilitySMUSMPOSIX vs.IRIX Shared MemoryPOSIXFunction NamePurpose and Operationmmap(2)Map a file or shared memory object into the address spaceshm_open(2)Create,or gain access to,a shared memory object.shm_unlink(2)Destroy a shared memory object when no references to it remain open.IRIXFunction N
16、ame Purpose and Operation usconfig(3)Establish the default size of an arena,the number of concurrent processes that can use it,and the features of IPC objects in it.usinit(3)Create an arena or join an existing arena.usadd(3)Join an existing arena.SMUSMusconfig optionsusconfig()Flag Name Meaning CONF
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