伊莉莎-盛开在深谷里的菊花--《菊花》的生态女性主义解读--英语论文.doc

本科生毕业论文（设计）册

学院 XXX学院
专业 英语教育
班级 XXXX级英语教育X班
学生 XXX
指导教师 XXX

XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书
编 号：
论文（设计）题目： 伊莉莎，盛开在深谷里的菊花
学院： XXX学院 专业： 英语教育 班级： XXXX级英语教育X班
学生姓名： XXX学号： XXXXXX 指导教师： XXX 职称：XXX

1、 论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务
本论文的研究目标是以生态女性主义的角度来解读约翰·斯坦贝克的短篇小说《菊花》。其主要任务是通过生态女性主义视角分析伊莉莎与菊花的悲剧命运。

2、论文（设计）的主要内容
本论文分为三章，第一章从三个方面介绍了斯坦贝克和自然的关系以及斯坦贝克和女性的关系。第二章分析了女性与自然的难以分割的密切联系。第三章研究伊莉莎和自然的悲剧发生的原因。

3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线
本论文的基础条件是不同学者对斯坦贝克及其作品《菊花》的研究成果。
研究路线是应用生态女性主义解析斯坦贝克的《菊花》。

4、主要参考文献
Steinbeck, John. The Long Valley. New York: The Viking Press. 1964.
Simmonds, Roy. A Biographical and Critical Introduction of John Steinbeck. New York: E. Mellen Press. 2000.
方刚,《社会性别与生态研究》. 北京：中央编译出版社，2009 。
姜淑芹,严启刚, 简析《菊花》的叙事结构[J]. 外国文学研究, 2005（2）。

5、计划进度

阶段
起止日期
1
确定初步论文题目
3月16日前
2
与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字
3月16日-3月23日
3
提交论文提纲
3月23日-3月30日
4
交初稿和文献综述
3月30日-4月20日
5
交终稿和评议书
5月8日前
指 导 教师： 年 月 日
教研室主任： 年 月 日
注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份

XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书
XXX 学院 英语教育 专业 XXX 届
学生
姓名
XXX
论文（设计）题目
伊莉莎，盛开在深谷里的菊花
指导
教师
XXX
专业
职称
XXX
所属教研室
英语高年级教研室
研究方向
英美文学

课题论证：从生态女性主义的角度解析约翰·斯坦贝克的《菊花》，解读女性和环境的相似命运。

方案设计：第一章介绍斯坦贝克和自然以及斯坦贝克和女性的关系，
第二章分析女性与自然的难以分割的密切联系，
第三章探讨伊莉莎和自然的悲剧发生的原因。

进度计划：3月16日前确定初步论文题目
3月23日前写开题报告、任务书
3月30日前提交论文提纲
4月20日前提交初稿和文献综述
5月8日前交终稿和评议书
指导教师意见：

指导教师签名： 年 月 日
教研室意见：

教研室主任签名： 年 月 日

XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书
姓 名
XXX
学院
XXX学院
专业
英语教育
年级（班）
XXXX级英语教育X班
论 文 题 目
伊莉莎，盛开在深谷里的菊花
完成时间
XXXX/5/7
论

文

内

容

摘

要

约翰·斯坦贝克是美国第六届诺贝尔文学奖的获得者，同时也是二十世纪美国文坛上一位非常重要的作家。他对美国二十世纪三十年代大萧条时期艰难动荡的社会经济状况和生活状况的生动描写为他赢得了很大声誉。短篇小说《菊花》就是创作于这一时代,并被称为“斯坦贝克最优秀的短篇小说”。它自出版之日起就引起批评家的广泛关注。《菊花》被收录在斯坦贝克1938年的短篇小说集《长谷》中。小说主要讲述了一位名叫伊莉莎·艾伦的三十五岁家庭主妇的故事。关于她的渴望如何被点燃然后如何又被浇灭。本论文将运用生态女性主义来分析约翰·斯坦贝克的短篇小说《菊花》中伊莉莎和自然的相似的悲剧命运。论文共包括三个章节。第一章从三个方面介绍了斯坦贝克和自然的关系以及斯坦贝克和女性的关系。第二章分析伊莉莎与菊花、女性与自然的难以分割的密切联系。第三章探讨伊莉莎和自然的悲剧发生的原因。

指
导
教
师
评
语

年 月 日
指 导 教 师

职称

初评成绩

答辩小组
姓名
职称
教研室
组长

成员

答辩记录：

记录人签字： 年 月 日
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学院意见：

评定成绩： 签章

年 月 日
XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述
Literature Review
Steinbeck, in a number of his works when he symbolic depictes the natural objects, usually places the women into them, in order to explore the delicate relationship between women and nature, and to recover the so-called mysterious affinity that exists between women and nature (biology or mental) just like ecol-feminists do.
John Steinbeck is a productive writer. According to statistics, Steinbeck published twelve novels during his lifetime, two departments of short stories, three departments of travels, as well as a series of political essays and screenplays. Of all the works he has created, The Chrysanthemums is regarded as his most famous short stories. The Chrysanthemums is included in Steinbeck’s 1938 short story collection, The Long Valley. The setting of the story is Steinbeck’s home region, the Salinas Valley, which is shrouded with grey fog in winter. It mainly tells a story about Elisa Allen, a thirty-five-years-old wife of a hill foot rancher. She lives a prosaic life with her husband, but she is expert in chrysanthemums. Though she lives in such an isolated valley, Elisa never stops dreaming of living in the outside world, which seems quite meaningful for this housewife. So one day, when she is working in the chrysanthemums garden, a tinker comes by, a man who is cunning enough to please Elisa by talking about the wandering life and praising Elisa’s chrysanthemums. In consequence, Elisa sends him her chrysanthemums with the expectation of being appreciated. However, Elisa is totally disappointed when she sees the deserted chrysanthemums on her way to the town with her husband. She cries like an old woman.
The study of Steinbeck began at year of 1939, with the publishment of The Novels of John Steinbeck: A First Study, a book written by Harry Moll. This book is based on the case analysis as the basic method. In 1957, two professors at the university of New Mexico Ted Locke ii and Wake published Steinbeck and His Critics: A Record of Twenty - five Years, this is the first Steinbeck comment corpus; in 1958,Scar Lee's The Wide World of John Steinbeck became the first major book on the study of Steinbeck. In the 1960 s there are three books concern of this research: Warren French's John Steinbeck, F.K Watt's John Steinbeck
And Joseph Feng Teng luo John Steinbeck: An Introduction and Interpretation. From 1960 s to the early 1990 s, Japanese American scholar group, Marlowe and his leadership of Steinbeck's research association -John Steinbeck Society is major association on the study of Steinbeck, and founded The International Steinbeck congress, which is hold every five years, absorb a lot of critics and published many research articles on Steinbeck.
During the past ten years research monograph on Steinbeck is relatively few, although some scholars have tried to use the feminist, ecological criticism, cross-cultural theory and new historicism of contemporary critical theory to study his works. But it is still difficult to compare with other contemporary writers in the quantity and quality.
All in all, the misreading and misunderstanding of Steinbeck works led to the extremes of existing Steinbeck. Since last 1930s, criticism of the house in the evaluation of his literary creations are often based on fallacies and prejudices, "Some people focus only on the performance of historical themes in the works of Steinbeck, while others with his scientific knowledge and non-teleological thinking as a basis for interpretation of their works.
Steinbeck's short story The Chrysanthemums, which is known as " the best short story of Steinbeck’s fifty creation" has draw great attention of the critics, since it was published.
Critics from different perspectives to the novel text parsing, constructed the respective value systems about The Chrysanthemums. Such as Cynthia Billy thinks Elisa and chrysanthemum is a reflection of ecological feminism. Leroy Thomas suggests that the release of the chrysanthemum is a symbol of Elisa’s sexual repression. Mordecai Marcus thinks chrysanthemum is something that made up for the lack of a child image in Elisa and Henry’s marriage. Steinbeck is unique as a writer is that he has a keen insight and the kind encountered heartfelt care and compassion to the fate of ordinary people and the nature, which is the eternal charm of him as a writer lies.
In China, the study on John Steinbeck mainly focuses on The Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men and The Chrysanthemums.
In the recent years, many scholars begin to pay their attention on John Steinbeck’s The Chrysanthemums. Huang qi compares the chrysanthemum to apple in his The Contend Between Chrysanthemums and Apple—The Realistic Thinking of The Chrysanthemums. Apple represents the lure in the material society, while chrysanthemum embodies the aspire of the spiritual world. Jiang lu analysis the marriage life in The Chrysanthemums in her work The Pursue of One’s Dream. It mainly analysis how Elisa Allen’s marriage life affects her. Elisa Allen and the nature both suffered from the hurts of the deep-rooted dualism and anthropocentrism. Their tragedy gives us warnings that both women and nature should be treated equally, and in some extents, they are in disadvantage. So they need to be paid more care and attention.
Steinbeck's short story The Chrysanthemums, which is known as " the best short story of Steinbeck’s fifty creation" has drawn great attention of the critics, since it was published. Critics from different perspectives to the novel text parsing, constructed the respective value systems about The Chrysanthemums. Such as Cynthia Billy thinks Elisa and chrysanthemum is a reflection of ecological feminism, Leroy Thomas suggests that the release of the chrysanthemum as a symbol of Elisa’s sexual repression, Mordecai Marcus thinks chrysanthemum is something that made up for the lack of a child image in Elisa and Henry’s marriage. What Steinbeck is unique as a writer is that he has a keen insight and the kind encountered heartfelt care and compassion to the fate of ordinary people and the nature, which is the eternal charm of him as a writer lies.
In this paper, on the basis of predecessors' research, from the perspective of ecological feminism, through reading again to analyze the Elisa’s and nature’s tragedies in John Steinbeck’s short story The Chrysanthemums. This thesis will use the eco-feminism to analyze Elisa’s and nature’s tragedies in John Steinbeck’s short story The Chrysanthemums, it consists of three parts. Chapter One introduces the relationship between Steinbeck and nature, Steinbeck and women, from three aspects: Steinbeck’s ecological awareness, women in Steinbeck’s life and fiction, and Steinbeck’s complex attitude towards women. Chapter Two analyzes the intimate interconnection between women and nature. Chapter Three studies the causes for Elisa’s and nature’s tragedies.

本科生毕业论文设计

伊莉莎，盛开在深谷里的菊花
--《菊花》的生态女性主义解读

作者姓名 XXX
指导教师 XXX
所在学院 XXX学院
专业（系） 英语教育
班级（届） XX级X班

完成日期 XXXX 年 5 月 7 日

Elisa, the Chrysanthemum Blooming in the Isolate Valley
-- The Understanding of The Chrysanthemums from Eco-feminism

BY
XXX

Prof. XXX, Tutor

A Thesis
Submitted to Department of
English Language and Literature in Partial Fulfillment of
the Requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts at XXXXUniversity

May 7th, XXXX

Abstract

John Steinbeck, a Nobel Prize winner for literature, is one of the most important men of letters in the twentieth century. His passionate yet accurate depiction of the harsh social and economic conditions of the 1930s' Great Depression wins him great fame. The short story The Chrysanthemums, which is known as " the best short story of Steinbeck’s fifty creation" has draw great attention of the critics, since it was published. The Chrysanthemums is included in Steinbeck’s 1938 short story collection, The Long Valley. It mainly tells a story about Elisa Allen, a thirty-five-years-old housewife of a hill foot rancher. About how her desire be lighted up and then be abandoned. This thesis will use the eco-feminism to analyze Elisa’s and nature’s tragedies in John Steinbeck’s short story The Chrysanthemums, it consists of three parts. Chapter One introduces the relationship between Steinbeck and nature, Steinbeck and women, from three aspects: Steinbeck’s ecological awareness, women in Steinbeck’s life and fiction, and Steinbeck’s complex attitude towards women. Chapter Two analyzes the intimate interconnection between women and nature. Chapter Three studies the causes for Elisa’s and nature’s tragedies.

Key words: Steinbeck eco-feminism Elisa chrysanthemums

摘要

约翰·斯坦贝克是美国第六届诺贝尔文学奖的获得者，同时也是二十世纪美国文坛上一位非常重要的作家。他对美国二十世纪三十年代大萧条时期艰难动荡的社会经济状况和生活状况的生动描写为他赢得了很大声誉。短篇小说《菊花》就是创作于这一时代，被称为“斯坦贝克最优秀的小说”。它自出版之日起就引起批评家的广泛关注。《菊花》被收录在斯坦贝克1938年的短篇小说集《长谷》中。小说主要讲述了一位名叫伊莉莎·艾伦的三十五岁家庭主妇的故事。关于她的渴望如何被点燃然后如何又被浇灭。本论文将运用生态女性主义来分析约翰·斯坦贝克的短篇小说《菊花》中伊莉莎和自然的悲剧。论文共包括三个章节。第一章从三个方面介绍了斯坦贝克和自然的关系以及斯坦贝克和女性的关系。第二章分析了女性与自然的难以分割的密切联系。第三章研究伊莉莎和自然的悲剧发生的原因。

关键词：斯坦贝克 生态女性主义 伊莉莎 菊花

Table of Contents

Abstract………………………………………………………………...ⅲ
Abstract in Chinese……………………………………………………ⅳ
Introduction……………………………………………………………..1
ChapterⅠ John Steinbeck, Nature, and Women……………………..4
A. Steinbeck’s ecological awareness…………………………………..4
B. Women in Steinbeck’s life and fiction……………………………...6
C. Steinbeck’s complex attitude towards women……………………...8
ChapterⅡ The Intimate Interconnection between Women and Nature…………………………………………………......11
A. A brief introduction of eco-feminism…………………………......11
B. Elisa and chrysanthemums……………………………………......13
C. Women’s affinity with nature………………………………..........15
Chapter Ⅲ The Causes for Elisa’s and Nature’s Tragedies…….......18
A. The surface causes: the impact of industrialization……………….18
B. The root causes: the patriarchal society…………………………...20
Conclusion……………………………………………………………..22
Notes…………………………………………………………………....25
Bibliography…………………………………………………………...26

Introduction

John Steinbeck, a Nobel Prize winner for literature, is one of the most important men of letters in the twentieth century. He is an American novelist, story writer, playwright, and essayist. His passionate yet accurate depiction of the harsh social and economic conditions of the 1930s' Great Depression wins him great fame. His works, which concern about culture, politics, war, and social issues, are popular among people throughout the world. John Steinbeck was a writer who had won fruitful awards, and was successively elected member of Institute of National Literature and Art, and American Literature and Art Research Institute academician during his life time. He was awarded the Pulitzer Prize in 1939 and the Nobel Prize for literature in 1962, becoming the sixth Nobel Prize winner in the American history, after Lewis, O’Neill, Pearl S. Buck, William Faulkner and Ernest Hemingway. He won the highest literary honor, because of his works “through realism, the creation of rich imaginations, showing a sympathetic humor and keen insight to society”. At the same time, his books have been translated to abroad. Until the year he passed away (1968), forty-four novels have been translated into twelve kinds of foreign languages. In 1948, a year before John Stenbeck getting the Nobel Prize, William Faulkner had included him into the fifth important novelist. According to Joseph • Feng Teng luo records: "If anyone is asked for twenty-five years who is the greatest novelist alive’, three names would come up their mind: William Faulkner, Ernest Hemingway and John Steinbeck. " Till nowadays, Steinbeck still enjoys great fame internationally. Each year, many of his works are translated into different languages. In some countries, like America and Japan, there are associations for the study of John