综合重点工程造价优质毕业设计开题报告.doc

本科毕业设计(论文)开题汇报

题目：

课 题 类 型： 设计 ☑ 试验研究□ 论文□
学 生 姓 名： 王欣
学 号：
专 业 班 级： 工程101
学 院： 建筑工程学院
指 导 教 师： 何菲
开 题 时 间： .3.1

3 月 1 日
一、 本课题研究意义、研究现实状况和发展趋势(文件综述)
1、 研究意义
工程项目造价确实定和控制是工程建设项目管理关键组成部分，它能够在工程建设项目标全过程（投资决议、设计、招投标、施工阶段）中采取有效方法，把工程项目建设发生全部费用控制在同意限额内，并随时纠正发生偏差，以确保投资估算、设计概预算和完工决算等管理目标实现，达成合理使用人力、物力、财力，取得最大投资效益目标。基于工程项目投资运动特点和运动规律，工程项目投资控制包含到方方面面，其基础控制原理为：全过程、全方位控制；不一样投资主体控制；合理设置控制目标；以主动控制为主、技术和经济相结合控制。
应用科学管理方法，合理有效制订和控制造价，最大程度提升经营效益和实现投资目标，工程投资商收获投资效果，承包商修定盈利，是实施工程造价管理根本意义。工程建设项目管理中关键组成部分即是工程造价管理，包含工程投资费用管理和工程价格管理两部分依据所指定管理目标情况不一样，而选择不一样管理方法，有效区分两种管理职能，已经成为当今工程建设造价管剪发展肯定工程建设投资费用管理属于工程建设投资管理范围 为达成投资预期收益，进行计划估计组织指挥监控等活动工程建设投资行为，从而进行投资管理工程价格管理属于价格管理范围，在宏观和微观层面，全部有着关键表现宏观上，政府为社会注意经济建设发展要求，发挥对通常价格调控职能，对价格经过法律经济和行政手段进行调控和管理，以工程建设市场管理规范对市场主体价格进行管理 微观层面上，工程建设企业经过了解市场价格信息规律，从而经过对成本进行计价定价和竞价控制，来实现其管理目标。
2、研究现实状况
在传统计划经济时期建筑业不被视为是独立物质生产部门，在建筑工程造价管理上，采取行政管理计划定价方法，所以，大家对工程造价管理没有足够重视，建筑工程造价确实定往往是依据计划价格和行政要求进行编制。伴随中国改革开放发展和社会主义市场经济体制建立，建筑工程管理受到了极大冲击，打开国门走出去，引进优异科学管理模式，大家开始重新认识相关工程造价管理问题。因为中国实施是概预算定额管理模式，普遍存在问题是建筑工程造价难以客观真实地得到反应，概算超估算，预算超概算，决算超预算，突破计划投资项目比比皆是。因为工程投资确实定缺乏科学合理性，造成工程实施中存在很多问题。
党十一届三中全会以来，伴随经济体制改革深入和对外开放政策实施，和社会主义市场经济体制建立，开始建立健全适合于社会主义市场经济发展工程造价管理体系和模式，使工程造价管理趋于科学合理。不过，中国工程造价管理体制一直沿用前苏联模式，是适应计划经济模式下管理体制，现在已经不适应市场经济发展，和西方发达国家相比还有很大差距。工程造价管理改革目标是为了建立适应中国社会主义市场经济体制所需，含有中国特色新工程造价管理体制，现在还有很多问题有待处理，影响建设工程造价管理正常发挥作用关键原因有以下多个方面：一是忽略价格机制，行政干预过多。二是长久计划经济体制和单一财政投资渠道。三是割断工程造价和流通领域价格联络。四是缺乏信息加工和传输。五是投资主体责任制未完全建成。六是领域内从业人员严重缺乏。全部这些全部造成了中国工程造价管理人才素质较低，严重阻碍了中国工程造价管理发展。

3、 发展趋势
加入 WTO，中国经济进入了世界经济一体化轨道，这能够说是中国第二次对外开放。其发展趋势有 2 个方面，一是工程造价管理国际化，二是工程造价管理信息化。
1.工程造价管理国际化趋势
伴随加入 WTO 中国经济日益深刻融入全球市场，跨国企业和跨国项目越来越多，很多项目要经过国际招标、咨询或 BOT 方法运作。同时，中国企业走出过国门在海外投资和经营项目也在增加。伴随中国市场国际化，中国外市场全方面融合，外国企业肯定利用其在资本、技术、管理、人才、服务等方面优势，挤占中国中国市场，尤其是工程总承包市场。工程造价管理国际化趋势另一个表现在于国际间学术交流日益频繁。
2. 工程造价管理信息化趋势
伴伴随 Internet 走进千家万户，知识经济时代供给链管理、用户关系管理、知识管理、企业资源计划管理在工程管理中形成协同办公模式，推进了工程造价管理信息化发展趋势。工程造价管理信息化发展趋势给工程造价管理带来很多新特点，工程造价管理越来越依靠于电脑手段，其竞争从某种意义上讲已成为信息战。现在西方发达国家己经在工程造价管理中利用了计算机网络技术，经过网上招投标，开始实现了工程造价管理网络化、虚拟化。另外，工程造价管理软件也开始被大量使用，同时还有专门从事工程造价管理软件开发研究工作软件企业。种种迹象表明工程造价管理将更多依靠电脑技术和网络技术，未来工程造价管理必将成为信息化管理。

二、研究方案及工作计划（含工作关键及难点及拟采取路径）
研究方案
1、准备资料。
在编制预算之前，要准备好施工图纸、施工方案或施工组织设计，工程预算定额、施工管理费和其它费用定额、材料、设备价格表、多种标准图册、预算调价文件和相关技术经济资料等编制施工图预算所需资料。
2、熟悉施工图纸。
认真阅读和熟悉施工图纸，将建筑施工图，结构施工图等多种专业施工图相互对照，认真查对图纸是否齐全。
　　3、计算工程量（工作难点）。
　 （1）依据工程内容和定额项目，列出计算工程量分部分项工程。
　 （2）列出计算式。预算项目确定后，就可依据施工图纸所表示部位、尺寸和数量，根据一定次序，列出工程量计算式，并列出工程量计算表。
　　（3）进行计算。
　　（4）对计算结果计量单位进行调整，使之和定额中对应分部分项工程计量单位保持一致。
　　4、综合单价编制（工作关键）。
　　《计价规范》中工程量清单综合单价是指完成一个要求计量单位分部分项工程量清单项目或方法清单项目所需人工费、材料费、施工机械使用费和企业管理费和利润，和一定范围内风险费用。
　　 5、计算分部分项工程费。
　　 6、方法项目费计算。
　　 应包含除规费、税金外全部费用。方法项目清单中安全文明施工费应根据国家或省级、行业建设主管部门要求计价，不得作为竞争性费用。
　　7、规费和税金计算。
8、 确定单位工程招标控制价。
将以上各项费用相加，即可得出单位工程招标控制价。

拟采取路径
1.经过查阅书本和网络深入了解工程量清单和招投标概念 。
2.依据国家颁布统一工程项目划分，统一计量单位和统一工程量计算规则。
  3.利用广联达、天正建筑、Autocad等其它造价辅助软件。

工作计划

第1-2 周 查阅文件及其它相关资料，完成开题汇报
第3-3 周 施工图纸及资料熟悉，图纸会审
第4-8 周 分部分项工程量计算，编制分部分项工程量清单
第9-10周 套用相关定额，进行工程量定额预算
第11-12周 编制工程量定额预算书和分部分项工程量清单报价
第13-13周 编制方法项目清单、其它项目方法清单报价
第14-14周 清单报价文件汇总，编制成册，准备答辩

参考文件
[1].钱伟.中国外建筑工程造价管理分析[J].建筑管理现代化 ,,(04):50-53
[2].项纯.中国外工程造价管理情况分析和借鉴[J].铁道工程学报，,(03): 105-109
[3].孙莉.工程造价管理模式和计价方法改革研究[J].价格月刊，,(01):27-31
[4].朱晓楠.相关建设工程造价管理存在问题及对策分析[J].科技创新和应用，,(04):222-222
[5].许峰.房屋工程造价动态管理和控制[J].价值工程，,(02):66-67
[6].余远希.分析建筑工程造价管理现实状况及完善对策[J],经营管理者，,(04): 343-343
[7].王兰红.浅析工程造价管理[J]，科技创新和应用,，（03）：274-274
[8].韩孝贤.浅议影响工程造价原因和工程造价全过程控制[J].中国外资，，（01）：108-108
[9].黄春丽.浅谈建筑项目工程造价不确定原因及其控制[J].经营管理者，，（01）：316-316
[10]. Hailing Su. Project Cost Prediction Model Based on Fuzzy Theory[J].Journal of Networks, ,(07)：1595-1600
[11].Perrie.Life cycle costs vital for road-building decisions[J].Civil Engineering，,(09)：46-47

外文文件

Project Cost Management and Control

Abstract：Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost. Described the current stage of the project cost management situation on the strengthening of the various stages of construction cost management of the importance of and raised a number of key initiatives.
　　　Keywords：project cost； management status investment decision phase of the design ；phase of the implementation ；phase of the cost management in a market economy.
　　　Even under the WTO and China's accession to the world community, China's construction industry how to effectively control construction cost of the construction and management of an important component part. However, the current budget for the construction projects - estimate, budget, Super budget accounts for the "super three" is still widespread and that eventually led to a serious loss of control of project investment. Project cost management is the basic contents to determine reasonable and effective control of the project cost.
　　　As the project cost to the project runs through the entire process, stage by stage can be divided into Investment Decision stage, the design and implementation phases. The so-called Project Cost effective control is the optimization of the construction plans and design programs on the basis of in the building process at all stages, use of certain methods and measures to reduce the cost of the projects have a reasonable control on the scope and cost of the approved limits.
　　　Engineering and cost management work of the current status of project cost management system was formed in the 1950s, 1980s perfect together. Performance of the country and directly involved in the management of economic activities. Provisions in the design stage to different estimates or budget preparation as well as government; Nothing relevant departments to formulate a budget, content, methods and approval, the budget will provide the fixed cost of equipment and materials and fixed price of the budget preparation, approval, management authority, and so on.
　　　With the historical process, after recovery, reform and development, formed a relatively complete budget estimate of quota management system. However, as the socialist market economic development, the system's many problems have also exposed. Generally speaking, the budget estimate is based on direct participation in the management of national economic activity as a precondition. enterprise is not the actual economic entities. Due to the characteristics of the planned economy, and, at the time under the conditions of productivity, will inevitably become a shortage in the economy.
　　　In severe shortage of commodities under the conditions, as long as a certain level of investment, will be certain outputs. In this environment, the project planning and technical argumentation there can be no economic analysis. State control of the project cost constitute key factors equipment and materials prices, wages and taxes of artificial distribution. In this relatively stable economic environment, the budget estimate for the system approved project cost, help the government to carry out investment plans to play a major role.
　　　As the socialist market economic system established, requires us to predict project investment and control. In recent years, international investment project developed to the requirements of prior pre-control and in the middle of control. China, the traditional practice in an objective light on the cause decision-making, implementation heavy, light the economy and technology.
　　　Our task now is to be modern and cost management in line with China's national conditions of the market economy system goal, learn from the advanced experience of the developed countries, and establish sound market economic laws of project cost management system, efforts to increase the project cost levels. An investment decision-making phase of the project cost management construction project investment decision-making stage is proposed project proposals; conduct a feasibility study to determine investment estimation and the final preparation of design task. At this stage, the project's technical and economic decision-making, of the construction project cost of the project after the completion of the economic benefits have a decisive influence, The construction cost is an important stage control.
　　　China's current stage of the project cost for the project management for the purpose of clearing price, and focusing only on the construction process of cost control, neglected before the start of the project investment decision-making stage of cost control. Investment decision-making phase of investment projects is estimated an important basis for decision-making. It has a direct impact on national economic and financial analysis of the results of the reliability and accuracy. Because of this phase is the preliminary work of projects, the information can not be fully, comparable works more or less that information accumulated relatively small, estimated inadequate and unscientific. Makes project cost management and cost workers is difficult at this stage do something.
　　　The various stages of the project cost control in the decision-making phase project cost control. Right project planning phase of the cost, many owners have the wrong understanding that the lower the cost the better. Cost control is not a unilateral issue, and should be a number of factors, a combination of practical, comprehensive consideration. The construction project investment decision-making stage, the project's technical and economic decision-making, Cost of the project after the completion of the project and the economic benefits, with a decisive role in project cost control is an important stage, rationally define and control the direction of the project cost of accurate positioning and building Optimization guiding role.
　　In the decision-making phase of the most important is to do a good job feasibility study, the work is done well, returns on investment and can form a good proportion. Otherwise, invest more, less effective, resulting in loss of control and waste of investment.
　　At present, some of the projects planned the owners of departure from the subjective desires of a feasibility study on the lack of scientific proof. Feasibility Study untrue, false or engineering functions obtaining the approval of their superiors, actually put into the feasibility study will be awarded in the study for the project after the smooth functioning buried a lot of hidden problems, lead to insufficient follow-up funds for the project and had to extend the time limit so that the project could not have planned the use of cost-effective, even become hopeless completion of the beard works.
Therefore, in order to phase in the investment decision-making effectively control construction costs, we must do the following aspects:
　　　ⅰImplementation of the construction project and corporate accountability, Construction of the project from planning to implementation of the entire process and the use of the funds to repay responsibilities to the people. in addition to establishing a legal system and the project supervision matching mechanism by the departments in charge of the industry and supervision departments for setting up a monitoring group to oversee the use of funds.
　　　ⅱA realistic approach to market analysis, to avoid the blindness of the project decision-making, reduces and reduces investment risk. Fully consider building projects in the future market competitiveness, design task more scientific and reliability.
　　　ⅲ Capital financing must have a formal commitment document, the parties must do investment funds in place, and funds must have documents to ensure that the project can be approved after the scheduled implementation. To the various loan conditions should be carefully analyzed to minimize the burden of interest and repayment pressure.
　　　ⅳ To strengthen the engineering geology, hydrology, geology and land, water, electricity, transport, environmental projects such as external conditions for the work of depth to make the investment estimate there are sufficient grounds.
　　　Taking extensive investigation and research, comparison of similar projects, seriously functional analysis, multi-program comparison and choice. After full technical appraisal and economic evaluation, and the final technologically advanced, functional and reliable. Reasonable economic projects, thus calculate a more accurate and realistic estimation of the amount of investment, so that the project cost from the start positioning in a more reasonable level.
　　　The design phase of the project cost control for a long time, China's building control very effective, - investment projects is not uncommon, this will affect owners of investment returns, it adds to the owners and within budget, as well as difficulties in fund owners, the impact on the future management or the owners make payments in arrears, and so on. Hence, the control of the project cost is of great significance, however the project cost is the primary means of control design,
　　　Currently most of the property owners in the design stage seldom works on cost control, and they found that the cost of the design will not have a great impact, it is wrong, on the contrary, Design phase of the project cost control is the most important step. Because it determines engineering design, construction methods, materials and equipment types, models of the project cost is of critical significance, design optimization phase of the program or minor changes, project cost will have a significant impact, Design phase of the project cost control of the total project cost of 70%. Following is how to control the project from design to create the Law:
　　　ⅰ As the owners must design, the design selected on the quality level is a direct impact on the quality of product design level, and the design quality products in the level of direct influence on the pricing of the works. Different design units on the same project design are different. the same item of different design institute works between certain aspects of the project cost on the existence of differences between, We assume that with a design from two different design institute to design, Construction plans after the completion of a requested advisory unit cost to do the budget, certainly different design institute the total cost of the project is absolutely not the same, and most of the difference between the two over 10% even more than 30%, and not necessarily high cost than the design of low cost, and good design is often low cost, We all know that different people have different design styles and different levels, the design works naturally, therefore chosen to design units is the control on the first step. Through