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解剖学双语.ppt
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1、解剖学双语解剖学双语 Myology 肌学肌学nMorphology of skeletal muscleqMuscle belly 肌腹肌腹qTendon 肌腱肌腱 aponeurosis 腱膜腱膜nClassificationqLong muscle 长肌长肌qShort muscle 短肌短肌qBroad muscle 阔肌阔肌qOrbicular muscle 轮匝肌轮匝肌Myology 肌学肌学nOrigin 起点the fixed attachment nInsertion 止点 the movable attachment nAction 作用qAgonist 原动肌qAntag
2、onist 拮抗肌qSynergist 协同肌qFixators 固定肌nNomenclature of mucles 肌的命名:qshapeqsize qLocationqtheir points of attachmentMyology 肌学肌学Accessory structuresnFascia 筋膜qSuperficial fasciaqDeep fascian Synovial bursa 滑膜囊Myology 肌学肌学nTendinous sheath 腱鞘腱鞘 q Fibrous layerq Synovial layer:nMesotendon 腱系膜nvincula ten
3、dinum 腱纽Synovial cyst of wrist 腕部腱鞘囊肿腕部腱鞘囊肿Muscles of head 头肌头肌Facial muscles 面肌面肌nEpicranius 颅顶肌颅顶肌 qFrontal belly 额腹额腹qOccipital belly 枕腹枕腹qGalea aponeurotica 帽状腱膜帽状腱膜nOrbicularis oculi 眼轮匝肌眼轮匝肌nBuccinator 颊肌颊肌nOrbicularis oris 口轮匝肌口轮匝肌nNasalis 鼻肌鼻肌Facial muscles 面肌面肌Masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌咀嚼肌nTem
4、poralis 颞肌颞肌nMasseter 咬肌咬肌nlateral pterygoid 翼外肌翼外肌nMedial pterygoid 翼内肌翼内肌 Masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌咀嚼肌nTemporalis 颞肌颞肌qOrigintemporal fossaqInsertioncoronoid process of mandibleqActionelevates and retracts mandiblenMasseter 咬肌咬肌qOrigininferior border and medial surface of zygomatic archqInsertionlat
5、eral surface of ramus of mandible and angle of mandibleqActionelevates mandible Masticatory muscles 咀嚼肌咀嚼肌nLateral pterygoid 翼外肌翼外肌nMedial pterygoid 翼内肌翼内肌Muscles of the neck 颈肌颈肌Muscles of the neckSuperficial groupnPlatysma 颈阔肌颈阔肌nSternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌胸锁乳突肌Muscles of the neckSuprahyoid muscles
6、nDigastric 二腹肌二腹肌nMylohyoid 下颌舌骨肌下颌舌骨肌nStylohyoid 茎突舌骨肌茎突舌骨肌nGeniohyoid 颏舌骨肌颏舌骨肌 Elevate(raise)hyoid bone and depress mandible.Muscles of the neckInfrahyoid musclenSternohyoid 胸骨舌骨肌胸骨舌骨肌nSternothyroid 胸骨甲状肌胸骨甲状肌nThyrohyoid 甲状舌骨肌甲状舌骨肌nOmohyoid 肩胛舌骨肌肩胛舌骨肌Depress hyoid or larynx after elevationMuscles
7、of the neckDeep groupnLateralqScalenus anterior 前斜角肌前斜角肌qScalenus medius 中斜角肌中斜角肌qScalenus posterior 后斜角肌后斜角肌nMedial qlongus capitis 头长肌头长肌 qlongus colli 颈长肌颈长肌Flex the head,bends the neck forwardMajor muscles of the neck Sternocleidomastoid 胸锁乳突肌胸锁乳突肌nOrigin:manubrium and sternal end of claviclenIn
8、sertion:mastoid process of temporal bonenAction:contraction of one muscle draws head toward the same side,and turn face to opposite side;both muscles act together to draw head backwardMajor muscles of the neckScalenus anterior 前斜角肌前斜角肌nOrigin:transverse processes of C3-C6.nInsertion:tubercle for sca
9、lenus anteriornAction:unilateral,bends neck laterally;bilateral,elevate first rib,an accessory muscle of inspiration;if rib is fixed,flex neck anteriorlyMajor muscles of the neck Scalene fissure 斜角肌间隙斜角肌间隙 nAbove the first rib,there is a triangular space between scalenus anterior and medius.nThe bra
10、chial plexus and the subclavine a.emerge from this space.Muscles of trunk 躯干肌躯干肌The Muscles of BackSuperficial groupnTrapezius 斜方肌斜方肌nLevator scapulae 肩胛提肌肩胛提肌nRhomboideus 菱形肌菱形肌 nLatissimus dorsi 背阔肌背阔肌nThoracolumbar fascia 胸腰筋膜胸腰筋膜The Muscles of BackDeep group nSplenius 夹肌夹肌nErector spinae 竖脊肌竖脊肌M
11、ajor Muscles of BackTrapezius 斜方肌斜方肌 nOrigin:superior nuchal line,external occipital protuberance,ligamentum nuchae and spinous processes of seventh cervical and all thoracic vertebraenInsertion:lateral third of clavicle,acromion,and spine of scapularnActon:upper fibers elevate scapula,lower fibers
12、depress scapula;if scapula is fixed,one side acting along,draws head toward the same side,and turn face to opposite side;both sides together,draw head directly backwardnNerve supply:accessory nerve(cranial nerve)Major Muscles of BackLatissimus dorsi 背阔肌背阔肌nOrigin:qSpinous processes of lower six thor
13、acic and all lumbar vertebraeqMedian sacral crestqPosterior part of iliac crestnInsertion:floor of intertubercular groove of humerus.nAction:trunk fixed,extends,adducts and medially rotates arm;arm fixed,elevates trunk.nNerve supply:thoracodorsal nerveThoracolumbar Fascia 胸腰筋膜胸腰筋膜Posterior layerMidd
14、le layerAnterior layerTrapeziusDeltoid Ausculatory triangleLatissimus dorsiThoracolumbar fasciaLevator scapularRhomboideus Inferior lumbar triangleMuscles of thoraxMuscles connecting the upper limb to the thoracic wallnPectoralis major 胸大肌胸大肌 nPectoralis minor 胸小肌胸小肌 nSerratus anterior 前锯肌前锯肌Muscles
15、 of thoraxnIntrinsic musclesqIntercostales externi 肋间外肌肋间外肌qIntercostales interni 肋间内肌肋间内肌qIntercostales intimi 肋间最内肌肋间最内肌qTransverses thoracis 胸横肌胸横肌Major muscles of thoraxPectoralis Major nOrigin:medial half of clavicle,sternum,upper six costal cartilages.nInsertion:lateral lip of the bicipital gr
16、oove of humerusnAction:adducts the arm and rotates it medially;the clavicular fibers also flex the arm;with the arm above the head,raise the body as in climbing nNerve supply:lateral pectoral n.Major muscles of thoraxIntercostales externi 肋间外肌肋间外肌nOrigin:inferior border of rib abovenInsertion:superi
17、or border of rib belownReplaced anteriorly by external intercostals membrane nAction:raise ribs adding in forced inspirationMajor muscles of thoraxIntercostales interni 肋间内肌肋间内肌nOrigin:superior border of rib belownInsertion:inferior border of rib above nReplaced posteriorly by internal intercostals
18、membrane.nAction:depress ribs for forced expirationDiaphragm 膈膈nShape and position:dome-shaped between thorax and abdomen,consists of a peripheral muscular part and a central tendonnOriginqSternal part:arising from xiphoid processqCostal part:arising from lower six and costal cartilagesqLumbar part:
19、arising by two crura from upper 2-3 lumbar vertebraenInsertion:central tendonnWeak areas:qLumbocostal triangle qSternocostal triangleT12Diaphragm 膈膈Openings in the diaphragmnAortic hiatus 主动脉裂孔主动脉裂孔 lies anterior to the body of the 12th thoracic vertebra between the crura and transmits the aorta,tho
20、racic ductnEsophageal hiatus 食管裂孔食管裂孔 lies at level of T10.It transmits esophagus and vagus nerves nVena cava foramen 腔静脉孔腔静脉孔 lies at T8 level in the central tendon.It transmits the inferior vena cava.T8T10Diaphragm 膈膈Action:nContraction:the dome moving downward,increases the volume of thoracic cav
21、ity which results in inspiration,at the same time the intra-abdominal pressure is increased assists in defecation,vomiting or child birth.nRelaxation:the dome returns to the former position,reduces the volume to the thoracic cavity,resulting in expiration.Muscles of abdomenAnterolateral groupnObliqu
22、us externus abdominis 腹外斜肌腹外斜肌nObliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌腹内斜肌nTransversus abdominis 腹横肌腹横肌nRectus abdominis 腹直肌腹直肌Obliquus externus absominis 腹外斜肌腹外斜肌nGeneral direction of fibers:downward,forward and medially(run down and inward)Obliquus externus absominis 腹外斜肌腹外斜肌StructuresnInguinal ligament
23、腹股沟韧带腹股沟韧带nLacunar ligament 腔隙韧带腔隙韧带nSuperficial inguinal ring 腹股沟管浅环腹股沟管浅环 triangular-shaped defect in aponeurosis of obliquus externus abdominis above pubic tubercleSuperficial inguinal ringObliquus internus abdominis 腹内斜肌腹内斜肌nDeep to obliquus externus abdominisnGeneral direction of fibres:upwards
24、,forwards and mediallyTransversus abdominis 腹横肌腹横肌nDeep to obliquus internusnGeneral direction of fibers:run horizontally forward.Transversus abdominis 腹横肌腹横肌nInguinal falx 腹股沟镰腹股沟镰 qObliquus internus abdominis has a lower,free border that arches over spermatic cordqInserted with transversus abdomin
25、is fiber into medial part of pecten of pubis nCremaster 提睾肌提睾肌 qDirived from the lower fibers of the obliquus internus abdominis and transversus abdominisqAround the spermatic cord and testisRectus abdominis 腹直肌腹直肌nPosition:lie on to either of midlinenOrigin:pubic crest and symphysisnInsertion:xipho
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