顾家北词伙整理.doc

词伙
第1类 全球化
Worst-affected country
最受影响的国家
At the international level
在国际范围内
Diplomatic row
外交争吵
Financial resources
资金 The adequacy of …
Multinational enterprises
Multinational companies
跨国企业
Across boundaries
跨越国界
Global financial centre
全球金融中心
Business hubs
商业中心
Enhance social integration
加强社会融合
The domestic market
国内市场
Implications for the economy
经济影响 … has profound implications for the economy

The gap between the haves and the have-nots
贫富差距 Widen …

Competitive job market
竞争激烈的劳动力市场
Seek employment
求职
Potential recruits
潜在的应聘人
Suffer stress
Suffer from more pressure
感到压力

Urban sprawl
Urban expansion
城市扩张

Prospective citizens
申请入籍的人
Non-English speaking migrants
母语非英语的移民
Indigenous people
Local residents
本土人
Citizenship
国籍
第2类 政府
Government/Public funds
Public expenditure (on)
Government investment (in)
公共资金、开支
Budget constraints
预算限制

Political leadership
政府领导力

Give priority to …
把…放在首位

Enforce
Formulate + laws
Enact
制定法律

Improve citizens’ living standards
提高居民生活水平

Health service
医疗服务

Social stability
Produce a better society
社会稳定

Reduce traffic congestion
减少交通堵塞
Trigger conflicts
引发冲突
第3类 科技
Technological devices
技术设备
Massive technological change
大规模技术变化

Online activity
上网
E-communication
网络交流

Social networking websites
社交网站
Education content
教育性内容
enable users to acquire knowledge
Broaden one’s horizons
Widen our vision
开阔眼界
Expand knowledge
Increase/broaden/widen knowledge
扩宽知识

Exercise different options

Powerful functioning applications
强大的功能应用
Present information
提供信息
Provide different options
提供不同选项
Brainstorm ideas
集思广益
Embrace creative ideas
拥抱创意
Put ideas into practice
把想法付诸实践

Stifle
Use creativity
Fire imagination
Capture
抑制
运用 创造力
促进 想象力
激发
Biotech industry
生物技术领域

Vulnerable to an attack by online criminals
容易受到网络罪犯的攻击

第4类 环境
The whole ecosystem
整个生态系统
Global environmental problems
环境问题
Global environmental degradation/
destruction
环境恶化
Stain on environment
环境压力
At environment’s expense
环境代价
Human activities
人类活动
(Would) suffer sooner or later
早晚都要遭报应
Climate change
气候变化
Global warming
全球变暖
Glaciers Melting
冰川融化
Sea level rise
海平面上升

淡水减少

汽车尾气排放
Release/discharge pollutants
排放污染物
Carbon footprint
碳足迹
Leave carbon footprint
Air pollution/contamination
大气污染
Greenhouse effect
温室效应
Acid train
酸雨
Deteriorating environment
生活环境恶化

污染物增加
The increase of litter/garbage
垃圾增多

废水增多
Radioactive waste disposal
放射物的污染处理
Energy crisis
能源危机
Water shortage
The shortage of water recourses
水资源短缺
Deforestation
森林减少
Overgrazing
过度放牧
Lower fertility
土地生产力下降
Food supply problem
食品供应不足
Famine
饥荒
Resources
资源
Deplete nature recourses
耗尽自然资源
Non-renewable resources
不可再生资源
Fossil fuels
化石燃料
Renewable resources
可再生资源
Alternative energy
可替代资源
Hydro power
水电
Wind power
风能
Solar power
太阳能
Tidal power
潮汐能
Hydride power
氢能
Natural disasters
自然灾害
Droughts
干旱
Floods
洪灾
Sand storms
沙尘暴
Violent storms
雷暴

Suitable solution
解决方法
Mitigate the environmental impact
减少对环境的影响
Tackle pollution
减少、处理污染
Sustain the environment
保护环境
Sustainable development
可持续发展
世界
Global cooperation
全球合作
Achieve/reach the agreement
达成共识
Set international standards for
environmental protection/conservation/preservation
制定环境保护的国际标准
政府
Enforce environmental laws
制定环保政策
Forbid/ curb Unenvironmental
behaviour
禁止破坏环境的行为
Tax disposable packaging
给一次性包装收税
Low-carbon economy
鼓励低碳经济发展
Encourage Low-carbon economy
Contain pollution
控制污染
Improve air quality
改善空气质量
Treat waste effectively
有效地处理垃圾
科技
Invest in and research …
Exploit …
投资研发……
大力发展……
Environmental friendly technology
环保科技
Energy-saving technology
节能科技 → 见可再生资源
Renewable green energy
可再生的清洁能源
Less polluting or fuel-efficient cars/
vehicles
燃油高效性汽车
Hi-tech solutions
高科技的解决方法
企业
Conserve energy
节约资源
Environmental friendly products
推出环保产品
Promote environmental friendly products
Green consuming habits
引导大众绿色消费习惯
Lead/guide the public to enter green consuming habits
个人
Make a conscious effort to …
有意识地
Take action
采取行动
Fight against climate change
抵制气候变化
Raise green/environmental awareness
提升环保意识
Conservation activities
保护活动
Low-carbon lifestyle
倡导低碳生活方式
Appeal low-carbon life style
Take public transport, carpool or ride a
bicycle
乘坐公共交通工具、拼车或骑自行车
Throwaway products
避免使用一次性产品
Avoid using throwaway products
Eco-friendly alternatives/substitution
使用生态友好型替代品
Use eco-friendly alternatives/substitution
Sort daily garbage
生活垃圾分类
Consume less and recycle more
少消耗多回收

第5类 社会文化、观念和生活方式
Culture exchange
文化交流

Inactive lifestyle
不同的生活方式

The erosion of (some) traditional values
传统文化价值的缺失
工作 & 财富
Be economically better of
Become financially well-off
Become more affluent
经济条件宽裕
Material wealth
物质财富
pay closer attention to material wealth, 注重物质财富
but fail to attach importance to family life. 忽略家庭生活
Overworking
Work Overtime
工作过度
加班工作
Lead a hectic life
过着忙碌的生活
Perform poorly
表现很差
Enjoy the company of family
享受家庭生活
Luxury goods, such as
Grand houses
Fancy/luxury cars
Hi-tech gadgets
奢侈品（房、车、物件）
Be able to afford …/
… form an important part of their well-being.
Get a foot on the property ladder
买自己的房子
Shopaholic
购物狂
Everyday expenditure
日常消费
Necessities of modern life
现实生活的必需品
Non-essential items
不必要的物品
Resist the temptation to
克制欲望
A housing crisis
Shortage of houses
房屋紧缺

私家车 & 环境、健康
(Unlimited) private car ownership
Private car use
私家车的使用
Restrict the private car use
Restrict the use of private car
Limit the number of cars
限制私家车的使用
Involve fuel consumption
消耗燃油
Create exhaust fumes
排放废气
Deteriorate air quality
破坏大气质量
(As) air quality deteriorates, … 随着空气质量的破坏
Suffer from respiratory diseases
遭受呼吸系统疾病
Hospital admission (will) increase
入院人数增加

饮食、肥胖 & 健康
Genetically modified crops
转基因农产品
Poor diet
不好的饮食
Fast food
Junk food
垃圾食品
Staple food
主食
Lean meat
瘦肉
Epidemic of obesity
肥胖蔓延
Fat content
脂肪比重
Physical degeneration
体质下降
Fall sick
生病

Lose weight
减肥
Go on a diet
节食
Detox diet
排毒减肥餐
Regular exercise
经常锻炼 (regular = usual)
Improve individuals’ well-being
加强身体健康

旅游
Travelling overseas
出境游
Leisure activities
休闲活动

第6类 教育
Meet admission requirements
Meet entry requirements
Meet entrance standards
符合入学要求
Secondary education
中等教育
Receive a college education
university
tertiary
接受大学教育
Core courses
Optional courses
主课
选修 curriculum
Increase knowledge
Conduct academic studies
增加知识
做学术研究大学 职能
Theoretical knowledge
理论知识
Improve/enhance students’
intellectual skills
提高学习能力
Broaden one’s mind
Keep abreast of the latest development
扩宽视野
Gain more knowledge and experience
获得更多知识和经验
Seize opportunities
把握机会
Career prospect
Employment prospect
Job outlook
职业前景
Promising future
Job outlook is bright
好的前景
Leave school
Graduate
毕业

Graduate unemployment
毕业生失业率

Private fostering
收养孩子
Guardianship
监护权
Close family member
近亲
Birth parents
亲生父母
Responsible adult
靠谱的成年人
Fertility watching
生育监管机构
Target children
针对小孩

第7类 媒体
Affect consumers’ shopping habits and
product preferences
消费习惯
产品偏好
Customer-focused
以顾客为导向的
Boost one’s confidence in (products)
提高对产品的信心
Satisfy one’s need
满足需求
Perform important functions
执行重要功能
Press barons
媒体业巨头
Media exposure
媒体曝光
The right to free speech and a free press
言论自由和媒体自由

第8类 犯罪
The illegal use
非法使用
Violent crimes
暴力犯罪
Race violence
种族暴力
Gun control
枪支管制
Gun violence
枪支暴力
Criminal offence
刑事犯罪
Break the law
Disobey the law
Do something outside the law
Delinquency
Crimes
违法
Commit suicide
自杀
Reduce crime
减少犯罪
Combat crime
打击犯罪
Curb
Deter + crime
抑制犯罪
Curb
Deter + drink driving
抑制酒驾

第9类 动物
Animals which face extinction
面临灭绝的动物
Be threatened with extinction
面临灭绝
Endangered species
濒危物种
Keep these species alive
保持物种存活

Human-caused disturbances
人为干扰
Pose a threat to nature habitats
对自然栖息地构成威胁
Contaminate the food chain
破坏食物链
Destroy/Keep the ecological balance
破坏/维持生态平衡
Intensive farming
密集种植

Restrict mobility
限制行动
Be locked up in cages
被关在笼子里
Natural behaviour
本能
Hunting instinct
狩猎本能
Professional zookeepers
专业饲养员
Captive breeding programmes
圈养繁殖计划

Reintroduced to natural habitats
重回自然栖息地
Preserve biodiversity
保护物种多样性
Funding for conservation
动物保护基金

第10类 妇女、老人和年轻人
Male-dominated word
男人占主导位置的世界（男人支配）
Fulfil oneself
实现抱负

Rear a child (alone)
抚养小孩

常用
The focus of public concern
公众关注焦点
Central question
核心问题
The inescapable fact is that …
无法回避的问题是
Open to discussion
值得商榷
The former/latter
前者or后者
Tradeoff
折中条件
Side with
支持
Supporters
支持者
Pros and cons
优缺点
The pros and cons of … will be discussed below
Outline the cause (of)
概括原因
Propose solutions
提出解决方法
Tackle
Handle + the problems
Deal with
处理问题
Take measures to
采取措施
There are many measures we can take to solve this problem, 我们可以采取很多措施解决这一问题
Deserve immediate attention
应立即得到注意
and some of them deserve immediate attention. 其中一些必须立即引起我们的重视
Pose a threat to
Pose a potential menace
对…造成威胁
Make concerted efforts to 齐心协力
People from different countries should make concerted efforts to solve this problem.
Everything go on as usual
一切照常
Lay a foundation for
为…奠定基础
Have a lifelong impact on …
一生的影响
修饰词
Non-essential …
不必要的…
The proliferation of …
…的扩散
The adequacy of …
充足的

Be crucial to …
至关重要

动词
Recognize the value of …
认识到…的价值

连接词
引言
In a way
在某种情况下
In general
一般而言
As a general rule
照例
In many cases
通常
More often than not
通常，多半
In most cases
在绝大多数情况下
Not surprisingly

Undoubtedly

It is undeniable that …
无可置疑的是
There is no denying that …

It is generally accepted that …
众所周知的是
并列
Likewise
同样地、也
Meanwhile

Besides

In addition

What’s more
口语
递进
Moreover

Furthermore

Let alone
更不必说
Last but not least
最后但并不是最不重要的（不要放在段落开头）
In extreme cases
在极端情况下
转折
However
然而（轻微转折）
Nonetheless
虽然如此，但是（重度转折）
Nevertheless

Conversely
相反地
Meanwhile
At the same time but in other places 另一方面
On the other hand

At the other extreme

On the negative side

On the positive/plus side

On the downside

Under exceptional circumstances

Despite these benefits, it is argued
that …
重度转折，引出相反观点的中心句
选择
Alternatively

Instead

Rather

Conversely

相比
In comparison with

By comparison

By contrast

In contrast

结果
Therefore

As such

For this reason

Hence

Thus

Given this

In view of this

The consequence is that …

举例
For example

For instance

主体段落总结
In brief

In a word

Put simply

全文总结
To summarise

In conclusion

To sum up

Increase one’s self-confidence = Boost one’s self-confidence
Have a (adj.) impact on (negative = adverse)
Mental arithmetic 心算能力

Spelling out
列举 P139
Refute
否定
Means mode/form of travel
旅行方式
Sightseeing
观光
Imposing tax penalties
加税
Boosted
振兴 P143
Brought to the forefront
放到了最前沿

页 12