现在完成时讲解和练习(有答案).doc
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1、(完整版)现在完成时讲解和练习(有答案)现在完成时讲解和练习 1. 现在完成时的构成: havehas+过去分词 (过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)2。 现在完成时的四个基本句型肯定句 He has finished the work. 一般疑问句 Has he finished the work? 回答 Yes ,he has。 No, he hasnt.否定句 He has not finished the work. 特殊疑问句 What has he done? 3。现在完成时的用法:A表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,强调对现在造成的影想或结果).例如: Th
2、ecarhasarrived.车子来了.(结果:车子已在门口) Someonehasbrokenthewindow。有人把窗户打破了.(结果:窗户仍破着)B。表示过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态,可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在(包括“现在”在内)的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词howlong等。例如:Myunclehasworkedatthisfactoryforfiveyears。我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。Mr。BlackhaslivedinChinasince2002。自从2002年Mr。Black一直住在中国.Howlonghavey
3、oubeenhere?你来这里多久了?4. 在下列情形下用现在完成时(1)九词语7already已经 肯定句中或句尾 e.g。: I have already found my pen. = I have found my pen already.yet已经 否定句和疑问句句尾 e.g。:I have not finished the work yet. Have you bought a computer yet?ever曾经 句中 e。g.: Have you ever seen pandas?never从不 句中 e.g。:I have never been to Beijing.jus
4、t刚刚 句中 e.g。:I have just done my work.before以前 句尾 e。g.:I have never been there before.so far到目前为止 e。g。:So far he has learnt 200 words。how long多久 e.g。:How long have you lived here?how many times多少次 e.g.:How many times has he been to Beijing? (2)两结构for two monthsfor +一段时间 Jim has lived here for 2 month
5、s.since last yearsince +过去点时间Lucy has been in Beijing since 3 years ago。since 3 years agosince 1990since he came heresince +过去时态句子He has been in China since he came here。(3)三词组1.havegone to去了某地 表示“已经去了某地,在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”e.g.:He has gone to Beijing (去了北京)2.havehasbeen to去过某地 表示“曾去过某地,已经从那里回来了”e.g.:
6、He has been to Beijing. (去过北京)3。havebeenin表示“在某地呆多长时间”,常与表示一段时间的状语连用,如:since,for,howlonge.g。: Mr。BrownhasbeeninBeijingforthreedays。布朗先生来北京已经有三天了4。如果句子里面没有时间状语,汉语意思能够加“已经”,往往用现在完成时态。 e.g.:Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗?5.现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型 They have planted many trees in the last few
7、years。 在过去的几年,他们已经种了很多树。 This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书. It is the first time I have played the computer games。 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。6.在现在完成时中,瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用 e.g.:He has bought the book for 3 years.(错)因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种: He has bought the book. (去掉一段时间for 3 yea
8、rs) He bought the book 3 years ago (改为一般过去时,使句子的意思不变) Its 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book. (改为固定句型 It is -since-) He has not bought the book for 3 years.(改为否定句) He has had the book for 3 years。 (用延续性动词have代替buy)7. 还有其他瞬间动词也是这种情况,可参照前面的五种办法改正,前四种改法都一样,第
9、五种改法各不相同,举例如下:come/arrive/get to/reach be here e.g:I have come here for 3 years。(错) 改为:I have been here for 3 years.leave/go be away e.g。:He has left for 3 hours。(错) 改为:He has been away for 3 hours。begin/start be on e。g。:The film has begun for 3 minutes。(错) 改为:The film has been on for 3 minutes.open
10、 be open / close be closed e。g。:The shop has opened for 3 years。(错) 改为:The shop has been open for 3 years。die be dead e.g。:His father has died for 3 years。(错) 改为:His father has been dead for 3 years。finish/end be over 例:He has finished the work for 3 days。(错) 改为:The work has been over for 3 daysjoin
11、 例:I have joined the army for 3 years.(错) 改为:I have been in the army for 3 years。 或I have been a soldier for 3 years。buy /catch have e。g.:I have bought the bike for 3 years。(错) 改为:I have had the bike for 3 years。 He has caught a cold for 3 days。(错) 改为:He has had a cold for 3 days.borrow keep e.g:I h
12、ave borrowed the book for 3 years。 (错) 改为:I have kept the book for 3 years。还有其它的归纳如下:leave-beawayborrow-keepbuy-havedie-bedeadbegin/start-beonfinish-beoverfallill-beillgetupbeupcatchacold-haveacoldputon-wear come/become/go-beherefallasleep-beasleepgetto/arrive/reach-be(in)gettoknow-know join-beamemb
13、erof.。.(成为的一员)open-beopenclosebeclose break be broken get up be up marry be married become be lose be lost 8。现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情,强调动作;现在完成时为过去发生的,强调过去的事情对现在的影响,强调的是影响。Isawthisfilmyesterday。(强调动作发生的时间是yesterday。)Ihaveseenthisfilm。(强调对现在的影响,电影的内容已经知道了。)2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:ago,
14、lastweek/。.。In2008,inthepast,justnow,thedaybeforeyesterday,yesterday。Then(那时),thatday,oneday,once(从前) 一、写出以下常用瞬间动词的相应延续性动词:1。 have arrived at/in sw. got to/reached sw. come/gone/moved to sw.have been in sw./at2。 have come/gone back/returned _3. have come/gone out _4。 have become _5.haveclosed / open
15、ed_ 6。 have got up _ ;7. have died _;8。 have left sw。 _9. have fallen asleep/got to sleep _ ;10. have finished/ended/completed _;11。 have married _; 二、用正确的时间表达词汇填空Have you done your homework _? (for, just, yet)I have _ been to Guangdong。 (for, never, yet)rHe has worked there _ he left school. (alrea
16、dy, yet。 Since, for)She has known Sam _ 9 years。 (already, yet。 Since, for)Have you _ ridden a horse? (ever, for, yet)三、用for或since填空1.My family has owned a ship _ 1920.2.My family has owned a ship _ many years.3.I have had a cold _ last Monday。 4。I have had a cold _ 5 days ago. 5.I have had a cold _
17、 5 days. 四、用所给动词的适当形式填空1. - I _ (see) the film “Chicken Run”。- Where and when _ you _ (see) it? - Last week. 2。 Mary _ already _ (have) her supper。 3。 I _ (not want) to see the film. I _ (see) it with my parents。 We _ (see) it last Sunday. 4. -_ Uncle Wang _ (mend) the TV yet? -Yes, he_。 -When _ he
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