初中被动语态讲解与练习.doc

暑假英语上课讲义

初中英语被动语态小结
一． 语态概述
语态是动词的一种形式，它表示主语和谓语的关系。
语态有两种：________语态和__________语态。
如果主语是动作的执行者要用__________语态；如果主语是动作的承受者,则用____________语态。
二． 被动语态构成：
   1.一般现在时:am/is/are + done
   2. 一般过去时:was/were+ done
   3. 一般将来时:will/shall be + done
   4. 现在进行时:am/is/are being + done
   5. 过去进行时:was/were being + done
   6. 现在完成时:have/has been + done
   7. 过去完成时:had been + done
8. 情态动词：must / may / might + be done.
三、被动语态的用法
    (1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
    例如:Some new computers were stolen last night. 一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
    This bridge was founded in 1981.这座桥竣工于1981年。
    (2)强调动作的承受者,而不强调动作的执行者。
    例如:The glass was broken by Mike.玻璃杯是迈克打破的。
    This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
    Your homework must be finished on time.你们的家庭作业必须及时完成。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
    (1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
    (2)把谓语变成被动结构(be+过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数,以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
    (3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语,将主格改为宾格。例如:
    All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people.
    They make the bikes in the factory. _____________________________________________
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
    含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时,由"情态动词+be+过去分词"构成,原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后"to"仍要保留。
    We can repair this watch in two days. This watch can be repaired in two days.
    They should do it at once. It should be done at once.
六、特殊情况
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years. The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2.一些动词如sell(销售) , wash(洗), clean(打扫), burn(燃烧), cook(煮)等与副词如well(好), easily(容易地), perfectly(十分地)等连用 ,描会事物的特性，用主动表被动，结构是主语+动词+加副词。例如:
The book sells well.这种书很畅销。
These clothes wash easily.这些衣服很易洗。
3. 使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式(make hear notice see let)主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
He let Daming do his homework → Daming was let to do his homework.
He saw Daming do his homework →Daming was seen to do his homework.
4. 主动表被动：1、 Need, want, require（要求，需要）, deserve(应得，值得), be worth值得），not bear(经不住) 后面接doing主动表被动。
The book is worth reading. 这本书值得一读。
The old building requires repairing. 这座古建筑需要修了。
5、系动词没有被动形式,但有些系动词常表示被动意义。常见的有taste(吃起来), sound (听起来), prove(证明是), feel(摸上去感到), look(看起来)，smell(闻起来)等,例如:
Your reason sounds reasonable. 你的理由听起来很合理。
Good medicine tastes bitter to the mouth.良药苦口。
6有些动词可以带双宾语 在用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语前通常加上介词for/to
★He gave Betty a book.____________________________________ _________________________________
7. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day. The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.

初中英语被动语态专项练习
( ) 1 The People's Republic of China ___ on October 1, 1949.
A. found B. was founded C. is founded D. was found
( ) 2 English ____ in Canada.
A. speaks B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is spoken
( )3 This English song___ by the girls after class.
A. often sings B. often sang C. is often sang D. is often sung
( ) 4 This kind of car ___ in Japan.
A, makes B. made C. is making D. is made
( ) 5 New computers ___ all over the world.
A. is used B. are using C. are used D. have used
( ) 6 Our room must ___ clean.
A. keep B. be kept C. to be kept D. to keep
( ) 7 -I'd like to buy that coat.
-I'm sorry. ___. A. it sold B. it's selling C. It's been sold D. it
had been sold
(　 )8A new house ___ at the corner of the road.
A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building
( ) 9 The key ___ on the table when I leave.
A. was left B. will be left C. is left D. has been left
( ) 10 Doctors ___ in every part of the world.
A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need
( )11 His new book___ next month.
A.will be published　B. is publishing C. is being published　D. has been published
( ) 12 Japanese ___ in every country.
A. is not spoken B. are spoken C. is speaking D. is not speaking
(　 ) 13 These papers___yet.
A.have not written B. have not been written
C. has not written　　　 D. has not been written
( ) 14 The sports meet ___ be held until next week.
A. didn't B. won't C. isn't D. doesn't
( ) 15 -My shoes are worn out.
A. Can't they be mended? B. Let me have a look at it.
C. How much do they cost? D. Can't they mended?
(　 ) 16 ___ the watch been repaired yet? I badly need it.
A. Does B. Has C. Is D. Are
(　 ) 17___ these desks be needed?A. Will B. Are C. Has D. Do
(　 ) 18 Why ___ to talk about it yesterday?
A. didn't a meeting hold　 B. wasn't a meeting held
C. wasn't held a meeting　 D. a meeting wasn't held
(　 ) 19 Who was the book___?
A. write B. wrote C. written D. written by
(　 ) 20 Where ___ these boxes
A. was B. were C. is D. am
(　 )21 The flowers___often.
A. must be water B. must be watered C. must watered D. must water
(　 ) 22 The books may___ for two weeks.
A. be kept B. be borrowed C. keep D. borrow
(　 ) 23 The broken bike____ here by Mr Smith.
A. can mend B. can mended C. can be mend D. can be mended
(　 ) 24 The old bridge in my hometown___ next month.
A.is going to be rebuilt　 B. will rebuilt
C. are going to be rebuilt　 D. are going to rebuilt
( ) 25 The play ___ at the theatre next Sunday.
A. is going to be shown B. will shownC. will show D. is shown
(　 ) 26 The old stone bridge ___ next week.
A.is going to be rebuilt　　 B. will be rebuild
C. are going to be rebuilt　 D. will rebuild
( )27Now these magazines___ in the library for a long time.
A. have kept B. are keeping C. have been keeping D. have been kept
( ) 28The pot ___ for ___ hot water.
A.used; keeping　　　　 B. was used; keeping
C. is used; to keep　　　 D. are used; keep
( )29Tea ___ in the south of China.
A. grows B. is grown C. were grown D. will grow
( ) 30 The bridges___ two years ago.
A. is built B. built C. were built D. was built
( ) 31 Wet clothes are often ___ up near a fire in rainy weather.
A. hang B. hanged C. hanging D. hung
( )32 The river smells terrible. People must ___ dirty things into it.
A. be stopped to throw　 B. be stopped from throwing
C. stop to throw　　 D. stop from throwing
( ) 33 The teapot ___ water.
A. is filled with B. filled of C. fulling of D. filled
( ) 34Old people must be looked after well and ___ politely.
A. speak to B. spoken C. speak D. spoken to
( ) 35 Old people must ___.
A. look after well　　 B. be looked well after
C. looked well after　 D. be looked after well
( ) 36 Newly-born babies___in hospital.
A. are taken good care　　 B. are taken good care of
C. take good care of　　　 D. take good care
( )37 They were___ at the sudden noise.
A. frightening B. frightened C. frighten D. frightens
( ) 38These walls___stone.
A.are made of　　B. made of C. are made into　D. made into
( ) 39 Jane ___ to sing us an American song last Saturday.
A. called B. was asked C. told D. was said
( )40 The papers ___ to them.
A. were shown B. show C. shown / D. have shown
( ) 41 The coat___her sister.
A. made to B. were made for C. was made for D. was made to
( ) 42 I___ five minutes to decide whether I should go or not.
A. gave B. was giving C. had given D. was given
( ) 43 Good care____such things.
A.　should take of　　 B. should be taken
C. should be taking　 D. should be taken of
( ) 44She will____good care____.
A. take; of B. be taken; of C. take; for you D. be taken; of you
( )45The teacher made him___ his homework.
A. to do　 B. do　 C. did　 D. done
( ) 46 The boy___ streets without pay in the old days.
A. was made to clean B. made clean C. made to clean D. was made clean
( ) 47 These children____dance.
A. were seen to B. were seen for C. were seen D. saw to
( ) 48 Thesestones___well.
A. are fitted　 B. fit　　 C. fits　　　 D. is fitted
(　 )49 The bike ___ 500 yuan.
A. was cost　 B. costed　　 C. cost　　 D. is costed
( )50 The important meeting ___ on a cold morning last year.
A. was had B. was held C. held D. had
( ) 51 Great changes___ in the past ten years in China.
A. took place B. have taken place C. were taking place D. hadtaken place
( ) 52 You can't use the computer, it____.
A. was broken down B. is wrong C. is bad D. has broken down
( ) 53 Great changes___in our country during the past 20 years.
A.have happened　　 B. happened
C. have been happened　 D. were happened
( ) 55 The watch has often ___ down.
A. sat　　 B. lain　 C. broken　　 D. fell
(　 ) 56 Please pass me another cup. This one___.
A. is broken B. is breaking C. broke D. broken
( ) 57 The story books___ by the writer in the 1960s.
A. are written B. were written C. are writing D. were writing
( ) 58 What time ___ the door ___ every day?
A. does; closed B. does; close C. is; closed D. /; close
(　 )59 Can he___himself?
A. get dress B. get dressed C. gets dressed D. instead of
( )60 He fell from his bike and ___.
A. is hurt B. gets hurt C. got hurt D. hurt

Key:
1---5 BDDDC　 6—10 BCBBC　 11---15AABBA　 16--20BABDB　 21---25BADAA
26---30ADBBC 31---35DBADD 36---40BBABA　 41---45CDDBB
46----50AAACB　 51---55DDACA　 56---60BCBCC

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