初中宾语从句精讲精练.doc

宾语从句精讲
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。它在复合句中充当主句的谓语动词、介词或某些形容词的宾语。如：  I know that the man is a policeman.  
主句 引导词 从句
宾语从句三要素: 连接词、语序和时态。
Ⅰ.宾语从句的引导词
1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
My teacher said I was a good boy. 老师说我是个好男孩。
I am sure (that) he will succeed. 我相信他会成功的。
2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
(1) Is Jim a good student? 　I don’t know. →I don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.
(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know? →Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?
注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况
• ①与or not连用： He asked me whether or not I was coming.
• ②在介词之后： It depends on whether it is going to rain.
• ③在不定式之前： We haven’t decided whether to go there.
3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：
(1).What is she doing? Can you tell me? →Can you tell me what she is doing?
(2).Where does she live? Do you know? →Do you know where she lives?
Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序 必须是陈述语序
原句式
引导词
从句语序
例句
陈述句
that
保持原序不变
I think that we can be good friends.
一般疑问句
if/whether
改为陈述语序
I can’t remember if I posted the letter.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
改为陈述语序
He asked why I was later for class.
注意事项:
当从句的原句以what, who，which等疑问词作从句主语时，语序不变：
e.g. I don’t know what’s wrong with her. Can you tell me who is over there?
Ⅲ.宾语从句的时态
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是任意时态。
I don’t think (that) you are right. Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.
Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的过去时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992. He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
特殊情况：
1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，任用现在时。
Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six.
2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。
The teacher told me she was born in 1960.

宾语从句精练
1.I hope ________ it will snow this winter.
A. when B. if C. whether D./
答案及解析：D　hope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。
2.—I don’t know ________ Mr. Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English.
A. why B. when C. how D. where
答案及解析：A　从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。
3.I can’t remember ________ I have seen him before.
A. whether B. why C. what D. how
答案及解析：A　本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。
4.—Do you know ________？I’m going to see him.
—Sorry，I don’t know.
A. where does Mr. Li live B. where did Mr. Li live C. where Mr. Li lives D. where Mr. Li lived
答案及解析：C　宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断，问的是“现在住哪儿？”。
5.—Where do you think ________ he ________ the computer？
—Sorry，I have no idea.
A.／；bought B. has；bought C. did；buy D. does；buy
答案及解析：A　do you think是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该使用过去时态和陈述语序。
6.I can’t understand ________ he likes computer games so much.
A. that B. whether C. why D. where
答案及解析：C　句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。
7.—Do you know ________ the MP3 player last week?
—Sorry，I have no idea.
A. how much did she pay for B. how much will she pay for
C. how much she paid for D. how much she will pay for
答案及解析：C　宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由last week判断应该用过去时态。
8.I don’t know ________ tomorrow. Can you tell me?
A. when we started B. when did we start C. when we will start D. when will we start
答案及解析：C　由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。
9.In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper ______Who Moved My Cheese was an interesting book.
A. that B. how C. what D. if
答案及解析：注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》，本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。
10.I was told ________ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.
A. that how B. how that C. when that D. that when
答案及解析：注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”，应该用when表示“当……时”，本句中的that是宾语从句 的引导词。所以选D项。
11.—I wonder ________.
—Zebras.
A. what do they call these animals B. how they call these animals
C. what they call these animals D. how do they call these animals
答案及解析：本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”，排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。
12. The old man told us _______ and ________.
A. to do what, to do how B. what to do it, how to do it C. what to do, how to do it D. what to do, how to do
答案及解析： 疑问词what 即连接不定式，又做 do 的宾语； 而在how 引导的不定式短语中， how 表示方式， do 为及物动词，因此需接宾语才正确。　应选C
13.Our teacher told us that the moon _________ round the earth.
A. went B. turned C. go D. turns
答案及解析：从句是一个客观真理，因此从句的时态不受主句影响。 应选 D
21. He asked me ________ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.
A. that B. if C. how D. what
22. -Excuse me. Could you tell me ________?
-Yes. There is a video shop next to the tall building.
A. where can I buy some CDs B. where I can buy some CDs
C. when can I buy some CDs D. when I can buy some CDs
23. I don’t know if my uncle ________. If he ________, I will be very happy.
A. comes; will come B. will come; will come C. comes; comes D. will come; comes
24. My physics teacher said that light ________ faster than sound.
A. travel B. travels C. traveled
25. You are growing so fast. Can you tell me ________ now?
A. how fast are you B. how fast you are C. how tall are you D. how tall you are
26. -Excuse me, could you tell me ________?
-Certainly. Go straight ahead and you’ll see it on your left.
A. where the post office is B. when you will visit the museum
C. where is the post office D. when will you visit the museum
27. I wanted to know ________, but no one would like to tell me.
A. what did the old man say B. what the old man need
C. what did the old man want D. what the old man meant
28. -Excuse me. Could you tell me ________?
-Yes. There is a video shop on River Road.
A. where can I buy some CDs B. where I can buy some CDs
C. when can I buy some CDs D. when I can buy some CDs
29. -Do you think ________ a concert in our school hall this weekend?
-Yes, there will.
A. there will have B. there will be C. will there be D. will there have
30. -Could you please tell me ________?
-It’s next to the hotel.
A. where is the museum B. the museum is where C. where the museum is
21 B。考查if引导的宾语从句。结合题意“他问我我们是否能乘飞机去北京看比赛”
22 B。从语序方面先排除A、C二项；另结合答语“There is a video shop next to the tall building.”
23 D
24 B。“光传播的速度比声音快”是客观事实，故用一般现在时，light是第三人称单数形式
25 D
26 A。宾语从句必须用陈述句语序，故排除C、D二项；由答语“Go straight ahead and you’ll see it on your left.”可选A。
27 D。由语序先排除A、C二项，主句是一般过去时，从句应为相应的过去某个时态，排除B。
28 B。在宾语从句中，从句要用陈述语序。分析比较四个选项可先排除A、C；另结合答语“There is a video shop on River Road.”可舍D选B。
29 B。在宾语从句中，从句要用陈述语序，先排除C、D；另there be的将来时为there will be，
30 C

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