初中宾语从句详细讲解教师版.doc

宾语从句
一、定义：在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。在复合句中宾语从句作主句中谓语动词、介词的宾语。
在及物动词的后面可以接一个名词来充当宾语，如：  I know the man.
而这时也可以用一个句子来充当宾语，如：  I know that the man is a policeman.  
主句 引导词 从句
宾语从句三大块:
1. 引导宾语从句的连接词（从属连接词和连接代词）； 2. 宾语从句的语序；
3. 宾语从句的时态。
二、宾语从句的引导词（连接词）

作用
有无意义
在从句中所做成分
从属连接词
that
只起连接作用
无
无
Whether/if
起连接作用
有（表示是否）
无
连接词
连接代词
What
连接+从句中做成分
什么（指物）
主，宾，表
Which
连接+从句中做成分
哪一个（指物）
主，宾，表
who
连接+从句中做成分
谁（指人主格）
主，表
whom
连接+从句中做成分
谁（指人宾格）
宾
whose
连接+从句中做成分
谁的（指人所有格）
定
连接副词
Where
连接+从句中做成分
地点
状语
When
连接+从句中做成分
时间
状语
Why
连接+从句中做成分
原因
状语
How
连接+从句中做成分
方式
状语

1.陈述句充当宾语从句时，用that引导，that无词义，在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如：
My teacher said I was a good boy.老师说我是个好男孩。
She doesn’t know (that) she is seriously ill. I am sure (that) he will succeed.
2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，用if或whether引导，意为“是否”。如：
(1) Is Jim a good student? 　I don’t know
I don’t know if /whether Jim is a good student.
(2) Does Kate get up early? Do you know?
Do you know if /whether Kate gets up early?
注意：只能用whether不用if 的三种情况
• 一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下3种 情况只能用whether：
• ①与or not连用：
He asked me whether or not I was coming. Let me know whether you can come or not.
• ②在介词之后：
It depends on whether it is going to rain. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings
• ③在不定式之前：
We haven’t decided whether to go there. I don’t know whether to accept or refuse.
3.如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句，只需用原来的疑问词引导。如：
1.What is she doing? Can you tell me?
Can you tell me what she is doing?
2.Where does she live? Do you know?
Do you know where she lives?
Ⅱ.宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序
句式
连词
语序
例句
陈述句
That
不变
I think that we can be good friends.
一般疑问句
if/whether
改为陈述语序
I can’t remember if I posted the letter.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
改为陈述语序
Can you tell me what she is doing?

注意事项:
(一)当从句的原句为以下句子以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：
What’s wrong? What’s the matter?
What’s happening?
eg:I don’t know what’s the matter.
Can you tell me who is over there?
Ⅲ.宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应
1. 如果主句的时态是一般现在时，宾语从句的时态根据具体情况来确定，可以是____任何___时态。
I don’t think (that) you are right.
Please tell us where we’ll go fishing tomorrow.
Do you know when Mr. Smith moved here?
2. 如果主句的时态是一般过去时，宾语从句只能用相应的___过去______时态（一般过去时， 过去进行时， 过去将来时，过去完成时）。例如：
He told me that he was born in Beijing in 1992.
He said that he would go back to the U.S. soon.
特殊情况：
1.从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象、名言时，仍用现在时。
Dad told us that it is better to do than to say.
He told the boy that three and three is six.
Could you tell me where the bookshop is.
2.从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生在主句动作前，仍然用一般过去时。
The teacher told me she was born in 1960.
[即学即练]子连接成为含有宾语从句的复合句。
1) These flowers are from Guangdong. He said.
He said _______ these flowers _______ from Guangdong.
2) Light travels faster than sound. My teacher told me.
My teacher told me _____ light _______ faster than sound.
3) There will be a meeting in five days. Jack didn’t know.
Jack didn’t know ______ there ______ ____ a meeting in five days.
4) Can they speak French? I want to know. I want to know ______ _______ _______ _______ French.
5) Are the children playing games? Tell me. Tell me ______ the children ______ ______ games.
6) Have you finished your homework yet? Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao
Mr. Zhao asked Ma Chao _______ _______ ______ _____ _____ homework yet.
7) How many people can you see in the picture? Who knows?
Who knows _____ _____ ____ ____ _____ ______ in the picture?
8) Where did she park her car? Do you know? Do you know _____ _____ ____ her car?
9) What does he often talk about? The girl wondered.
The girl wondered _____ _____ often ________ about.
10) Who knocked at the door so loudly? I don’t know.
I don’ t know _______ _______ at the door so loudly.
11) Does he still live in that street? I don't know.
I don't know ______ he still _______ in that street.
12) What's his name? I asked him. I asked him what _____ _____ ____ ______.
13) When does the train arrive? Please tell me.
Please tell me ________ _________ ________ _________.
14) Do they want fried chicken? He asked the boys. He asked the boys _____they _____fried chicken.15）Was the watch made in Shanghai? I don't know.
I don't know _______ the watch _______ made in Shanghai.
单项选择
1）I hope ________ it will snow this winter.
A.when B.if C.whether D./
答案：D　hope 后面应该接that引导的宾语从句，that 在句中没有任何意义，可以省略。
2)—I don’t know ________ Mr.Green will come to see us.
—He will help us with our English.
A.why B.when C.how D.where
答案：A　从下文的答语看，上文不知道的应该是“来看我们的原因”。
3)I can’t remember ________ I have seen him before.
A.whether B.why C.what D.how
答案：A　本句表达一种不确定的概念，用whether或if。
4)—Do you know ________？I’m going to see him.
—Sorry，I don’t know.
A.where does Mr.Li live B.where did Mr.Li live
C.where Mr.Li lives D.where Mr.Li lived
答案：C　宾语从句要用陈述语气，排除A、B两项。从句意判断问的是“现在住哪儿？”。
5)—Where do you think ________ he ________ the computer？
—Sorry，I have no idea.
A.／；bought B.has；bought
C.did；buy D.does；buy
答案：A　do you think是插入语，可以把它去掉，分析句意应该用应用过去时态和陈述语序。
6)I can’t understand ________ he likes computer games so much.
A.that B.whether C.why D.where
答案：C　句意为“我不理解为什么他那么喜欢电脑游戏”。
7)(2010北京中考大纲卷)—Do you know ________ the MP3 player last week?
—Sorry，I have no idea.
A.how much did she pay for B.how much will she pay for
C.how much she paid for D.how much she will pay for
答案：C　宾语从句要用陈述语序，由此排除A、B两项，由last week判断应该用过去时态。
8)(2010北京中考大纲卷)I don’t know ________ tomorrow.Can you tell me?
A.when we started B.when did we start
C.when we will start D.when will we start
答案：C　由tomorrow判断，应该用将来时态表示。
经典例题
例1　In the bookshop，a reader asked the shop keeper ________ Who Moved My  Cheese was an interesting book.
A.that B.how C.what D.if
思路解析：注意本句中斜体部分是一本书的名字《谁动了我的奶酪》，本句含义是“一个读者问书店管理员这本书是不是有趣”。所以答案是D项。答案：D
黑色陷阱：本题的主要陷阱是书名Who Moved My Cheese， 它本身含有一个who,容易给人造成误解。
绿色通道：在英语中，注意书名一般都是斜体的，且书名的首字母是大写的，注意把它看成一个独立的完整的东西。
例2　I was told ________ Bill Gates was thirteen he began to play with computers.
A.that how B.how that C.when that D.that when
思路解析：注意后面从句的含义是“比尔·盖茨十三岁的时候开始玩电脑”，应该用when表示“当……时”，本句中的that是宾语从句的引导词。所以选D项。答案：D
黑色陷阱：本句结构复杂，主要陷阱设置在when 上，它在本句中起到引导后面的时间状语的作用。
绿色通道：做此类题，要慢慢理顺思路，不要钻牛角尖，当一种含义说不通时，从另一个角度或另一个含义考虑。
例3　(2010江苏苏州中考)—I wonder ________.
—Zebras.
A.what do they call these animals
B.how they call these animals
C.what they call these animals
D.how do they call these animals
思路解析：本句含义是“我想知道他们叫这些动物什么”，排除B、D两项。另外宾语从句要用陈述语序。所以选C项。答案：C
黑色陷阱：本句容易译成“他们怎样称呼这些动物”而错选how，注意本句中隐含句型call sb. sth.含义是“称呼某人……”。
绿色通道：解答本类题首先分析句意，确定引导词，然后看好语序和时态。
例4　(2010北京中考)I’m different from my twin sister.I love dancing，________ she is interested in reading.
A.so B.or C.but D.and
思路解析：本句是转折关系，选择C项。答案：C
黑色陷阱：本句陷阱在于选项前后都是肯定句形式，不细读题而误选D项。
绿色通道：并列句主要是根据句意来判断前后两句的逻辑关系，所以一定要把题读完再作判断。
例5　(2010重庆中考)Work hard，________ you may catch up with your classmates soon.
A.or B.but C.and D.yet
思路解析：本句是“祈使句＋and”的句型，句意为“努力学习，你会很快赶上其他同学的”，and在句中表示承接关系，所以选C项。答案：C
黑色陷阱：本题的陷阱是句型，本句型区别于“祈使句＋or”，这个句型的含义是“……，不然的话/否则……”。
绿色通道：祈使句后面既可以加and，也可以加or，所以要全面分析句意，再作决定

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