福建省2017年中考英语总复习-第六章-副词和形容词.ppt

1.形容词形容词是用来修饰名词的词，表示名词的属性，说明事物或人的性质或特征。形容词常放在被修饰的名词前作定语，放在系动词后作表语，或放在宾语之后作宾语补足语。章形容词和副词章形容词和副词作宾语补足语放在宾语后，常与make，leave，keep，feel，find，think等动词连用。如：make me angry，keep the window closed作定语放在名词前，不定代词后。如：a beautiful flower，something important作表语放在系动词后(be，smell，sound，taste，look，feel，turn，go，get，become，seem，keep，stay等)。如：sound great，taste delicious，feel comfortable，turn green(1)else只能作后置定语，修饰疑问代词(what，who，whom，where等)和不定代词(something，anything，somebody，nobody等)。如：What else do you want？注意：(2)多数形容词既能作定语，也能作表语，但以下形容词只能作表语，如afraid，alone，asleep，awake，alive，well，ill，frightened。(3)表示长、宽、高、深及年龄等的形容词常放在表示度量的名词之后。如：The bridge is 400 meters long.(4)enough作形容词时，放在名词之前，作副词时放在形容词或副词之后。如：enough money，big enough，quickly enough(5)-ed形容词多表示人对事物的感受，只修饰人;-ing形容词多表示事物对人产生的影响，一般用来修饰物，但也可修饰人。如：He is such an interesting man that we all like to talk to him.The movie is very interesting.He is interested in it.2.常见名词变形容词的方法规律规律构词方法构词方法举例举例天气名词n.+-y sun sunny，cloud cloudy，rain rainy，wind windy方位名词n.+-ern east eastern，south southern，west western，north northern情感名词n.+-fuln.+-yn.+-less color colorful，help helpful，wonder wonderful，luck lucky，noise noisy，health healthy，care careless，home homeless，hope hopeless，use useless物质名词n.+-en wood wooden，wool woolen，gold golden规律规律构词方法构词方法举例举例时间名词 n.+-ly day daily，month monthly，week weekly 大洲或国名 n.+n Asia Asian，Africa African，America American，India Indian，Australia Australian 以ce结尾的名词把ce变为t difference different，importance important，patience patient tion结尾的名词 n.+al national，international，educational，traditional 其他n.+ly friendly，lovely，lively()1.This camera is too expensive.Do you have any others?Sorry,but thats the _ one.（2016泉州市)A.biggest B.longest C.cheapest()2.David felt _ because he was not able to get a ticket to the concert.（2016漳州市)A.moved B.excited C.disappointed()3.The summer vacation is coming soon,and we will have a _ holiday.（2016龙岩市)A.two-month B.two months C.two months 真题热身真题热身中考 真题CCA考考 点点 2 副副 词词 副词主要用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句，说明时间、地点、程度、方式等，在句子中作状语。1.副词的用法分类分类例词例词用法用法举例举例时间ago，before，already，now，just，soon，then，yet 一般放在句末，同时出现时间副词和地点副词时，其顺序为先地点后时间Lets meet at the school gate tomorrow morning.Speak loudly.地点here，there，in，out，back，home方式quickly，loudly，slowly，carefully，happily 分类分类例词例词用法用法举例举例疑问when，where，how，why修饰动词，放于动词之后，及物动词的宾语或介词的宾语之后 Where is my book？频度usually，often，hardly，sometimes，ever，never 放在实义动词前，be动词、情态动词及助动词之后 Hes always late for school.程度very，much，only，quite，too，so，nearly，enough，almost，mostly放在被修饰形容词、副词前Im so sorry.2.常见的形容词变副词的方法(1)直接由形容词加ly构成:slow slowly,strong strongly,beautiful beautifully(2)以“辅音字母加le”结尾的词，改e为y:simple simply，gentle gently，terrible terribly(3)以“辅音字母加y”结尾的词，改y为i再加ly:easy easily，happy happily，busy busily，heavy heavily(4)其他形式:full fully，true truly(5)既是形容词也是副词:well，fast，hard，high，straight，late，early(1)hardly不是 hard的副词形式，hardly是“几乎不”的意思，一般放在动词之前，多与can，could 连用；hard作形容词时意为“硬的”，作为副词时意为“努力地”。注意(2)friendly，lonely，lovely，likely，daily，weekly，lively，ugly等是形容词，不是副词。(3)well可作形容词，意为“健康的，身体好的”，一般不与感官动词连用(除feel外)；也可作副词，意为“好地”。()1.Sir,would you mind speaking a little more _?Of course not.I thought you could follow me.（2016泉州市)A.quickly B.slowly C.politely()2.The soldiers were so tired that they could _ keep their eyes open after a long journey.（2016漳州市)A.quickly B.hardly C.easily 真题热身真题热身中考真题BB考考 点点 3 形形 容容 词、副词、副 词词 辨辨 析详见词析详见词汇一本通易混词辨析汇一本通易混词辨析()1.The fish tastes _,we have eaten it up.It is certain that she cooked it _.(2015凉山彝族自治州)A.good;well B.well;good C.well;well D.good;good()2.I still want to drink something.May I have _ cup of juice?Certainly.Here you are.(2015滨州市)A.other B.more C.another D.else 真题热身真题热身中考真题AC考点考点4 4 形容词和副词的比较级别形容词和副词的比较级别1.形容词和副词的比较级、最高级的构成类别类别构成方法构成方法原级原级比较级比较级最高级最高级单音节和少数双音节词直接加-er,-est longlonger longest不发音e结尾时加-r，-st nicenicernicest辅音字母加y结尾时，把y变i，再加-er，-est easyeasiereasiest以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写最后一个字母再加-er,-est bigbiggerbiggest多音节和部分双音节词在原级前加more，most carefulmore carefulthe most careful(1)规则变化特别提醒：new，few，slow，clean 等词含有字母组合，且发的是长元音，不用双写。(2)不规则变化只能用more和most构成比较级和最高级：like more like the most like既可加-er，-est，也可用more，most，构成比较级和最高级：strict more strict/stricter(the)most strict/strictest特殊变化good/well better best bad/ill/badly worse worstmany/much/some more mostlittle less least far farther(距离更远)further(更深入，更进一步)farthest(距离最远)furthest(最大限度、程度)old older(年纪较大的)elder(较年长的)oldest(年纪最大的)eldest(最年长的)(1)记住以下三个词组：further study(进修)，further education(继续教育)，further information(进一步的信息)。(2)elder仅用于同辈之间的排行，如elder sister(姐姐)，elder brother(哥哥)。(3)less作为“更少”仅用来修饰不可数名词，修饰可数名词表示“更少”要用fewer。特别提醒：2.形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级的用法同等程度的比较(A=B)肯定句：A+谓语动词+as+原级+as+B：Lily is as tall as me.1.常用来修饰原级的词有very，so，too，enough，quite等。2.as可用于肯定句或否定句，但so只用于否定句。否定句：A+谓语动词否定式+as/so+原级+as+B：Lily is not as/so tall as me.(1)原级的用法注意：不及比较(AB)A+谓语动词+less+原级+than+B：Lilys room is less beautiful than mine.注意：仅限于部分双音节、多音节的形容词、副词超越比较(2)比较级的用法(AB)A+谓语动词+比较级+than+B：Lily is taller than me.Lily is more outgoing than me.程度递增比较级+and+比较级(越来越)：Lily is getting taller and taller.The+比较级，the+比较级(越，越)：The busier Lily is，the happier she feels.两者中较为突出的一个A+谓语动词+the+比较级+of the two：Lily is the taller of the two.量化比较A+谓语动词+数量/倍数+比较级+than+B：Lily is two years younger than me.1.常用来修饰比较级的词有：两多(much，a lot)，两少(a little，a bit)以及far，even，still等2.比较应在同类事物之间进行误：Our school is larger than you.正：Our school is larger than yours.注意：三者或三者以上进行比较A+谓语动词+the+最高级+of/in/among+比较范围：Lily is the strongest of the three girls.(3)最高级的用法三者或三者以上进行选择Which/Who 谓语动词+the+最高级，A，B or C：Who is the tallest，Lily，Amy or Jane？表 示“最的之一”A+谓语动词+one of the+最高级+名词复数：Lily is one of the tallest girls in her class.1.形容词最高级前的the不能省，副词最高级前一般不加the。2.形容词最高级前面可能有物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰，但此时不能再用the。表示“第几最”A+谓语动词+the+序数词+最高级：Lily is the second tallest girl in her class.注意 在英语表达中，形容词和副词的原级和比较级也可以表示最高级的含义。如：No one else in our grade is as tall as Peter.(原级)我们级里没有人和彼得一样高。=Peter is the tallest student in our grade.(最高级)彼得是我们级最高的学生。=Peter is taller than any other student in our grade.(比较级)彼得比我们级里任何一个学生都高。=Peter is taller than the other students in our grade.(比较级)在我们级里，彼得比其他学生都高。形容词和副词比较级之间的转换