福建省2017年中考英语总复习-第三章-代词.ppt

代词是代替名词的一种词类。大多数代词具有名词和形容词的功能。英语中的代词,按其意义、特征及在句中的作用可分为人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词和疑问代词等。考考 点点 1 人人 称称 代代 词词人称代词是用来指代人、动物或事物的代词。它必须在人称(第一人称、第二人称及第三人称)、数(单数、复数)以及性别(男性、女性、中性)三方面与被指代的名词一致。1.人称代词的人称、数和格及其用法第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称单数复数 单数复数单数复数主格I we youyoushe,he,itthey宾格meusyouyouher,him,itthem用法：主格作主语,放句首或动词前宾格；宾格作宾语,放在动词或介词之后；作表语,放在be动词之后注意：一般情况下,多个人称代词同时出现的顺序是：(1)单数是you,he和I,复数是we,you和they。(2)承认错误时,第一人称代词要放在其他人称前。如：It was I and Tom that made her angry.是我和汤姆惹她生气。2.it 的特殊用法用法用法举例举例(1)替代刚提到过的同一事物This is my new bike.I bought it last weekend.(2)指动物、婴儿或不明身份、性别的人Listen!Someone is knocking at the door.Who is it？(3)指代前句或后句所述的情况He smokes in bed and I dont like it.(4)用来表示天气、时间或距离Its about 2 hours ride from here to his hometown.用法用法举例举例(5)固定句型作形式主语It is+adj.+for/of sb.to doIt takes sb.some time to do sth.Its ones turn to do sth.It is/has been+一段时+since+从句(过去时).It seems that It is said/believed/reported that 作形式宾语find/think/feel it+adj.+to do sth.make it+adj.+to do sth.真题热身真题热身()1.When we got to the park yesterday,_ started raining.(2015菏泽市)A.that B.it C.this()2.Everyone makes mistakes in his life.The important thing is not to repeat _.(2015南京市)A.it B.them C.him D.her中 考 真 题BB考考 点点 2 2 物物 主主 代代 词词1.物物 主主 代代 词词 的分类的分类单数单数一二三形容词性物主代词myyourhisherits名词性物主代词mineyourshimhersits汉语意思我的你的他的她的它的复数复数一二三形容词性物主代词ouryourtheir名词性物主代词oursyourstheirs汉语意思我们的你们的他（她、它）们的2.物物 主主 代代 词词 的的 用用 法法物主代词物主代词用法用法举例举例形容词性具有形容词的特征,用作定语,一般不单独使用,后面要接名词This is my magazine.Her brother is a doctor.名词性具有名词的特征,后面不接名词,常用来避免与前面已提及的名词重复,相当于“形容词物主代词+名词”The magazine is mine,not hers.真真 题题 热热 身身()I cant find my eraser.May I use _?Of course.（2016福州市)A.you B.your C.yours中 考真 题C考考 点点 3 3 反反 身身 代代 词词 1.反身代词的形式反身代词的形式人称人称第一人称第一人称第二人称第二人称第三人称第三人称单数myself我自己yourself你自己himself/herself/itself 他/她/它自己复数Ourselves我们自己yourselves 你们自己themselves他/她/它们自己2.反身代词的用法反身代词的用法用法用法 举例举例(1)作动词宾语,表示动作的承受者就是动作的发出者,即主语和宾语是同一个人或同一些人,常与buy,enjoy,help,hurt,teach,wash,look after等连用We enjoy ourselves very much last night.(2)用于名词或代词之后或句末,作同位语,必须与被代指的人在人称或数上保持一致,意为“亲自”或“本人”I did it myself.=I myself did it.(3)作介词宾语They can take care of themselves.注意：反身代词本身不能单独作语,如：Myself made the cake.(误)I myself made the cake./I made the cake myself.(正)真题热身真题热身()1.Look at this model plane.Michael made it all by _.Wow!He is so smart.（2016莆田市)A.myself B.himself C.herself()2.Dont worry.Were old enough to look after _（2016南平市）A.we B.us C.ourselves中考真题BC考考 点点 4 4 指指 示示 代代 词词1.指示代词的用法指示代词的用法单数单数 复数复数用法用法例句例句thisthese(1)指近处的人或物This is my backpack(2)指下文要提到的事Please remember this：Nothing is difficult if you put your heart in it.thatthose(1)指远处的人或物Those are my classmates.(2)指前面刚刚提过的事My father is ill at home.Thats why I have to go right now.(3)为了避免重复提到的名词,常用that或those代替The students in Class 6 are more outgoing than those in Class 7.注：打电话时用this介绍自己,用that询问对方This is Mary speaking.Whos that？用法用法举例举例it指上文提到的同一事物This book is mine.Its very interesting.one泛指上下文提及的同类事物中的一个,其复数形式是ones Your skirt looks beautiful.Where did you buy it？Id like to buy one.that常用于比较结构中,代替前面提到的不可数名词或可数名词单数,以避免重复,如指代可数名词复数则用thoseThe weather in Beijing is much worse than that in Shanghai.2.区分it,one,that 真真 题题 热热 身身()1.Oh,you want a pen?OK,Ill get _ for you.(2015泉州市)A.it B.one C.them()2.The skirt looks nice on you.Where did you buy _?(2015龙岩市)A.it B.one C.that中考真题BA考考 点点 5 不不 定定 代代 词词没有指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all,each,every,both,either,neither,some,any,no,one,another,other(s),many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one和none以及由some,any,no,every组成的复合不定代词。考考 点点 5 不不 定定 代代 词词没有指明代替任何特定名词的代词叫做不定代词。常见的不定代词有all,each,every,both,either,neither,some,any,no,one,another,other(s),many,much,(a)few,(a)little,one和none以及由some,any,no,every组成的复合不定代词。1.普通不定代词用法普通不定代词用法用法用法修饰可数名修饰可数名词词修饰不可数修饰不可数名词名词指两者指两者指两者或指两者或三者以下三者以下普通不定代词manyfew(否定)a few(肯定)muchlittle(否定)a little(肯定)the other(后加名词复数)the othersanother(后加名词单数)other(后加名词复数)others(后不加名词)some,any（一）（一）不定代词不定代词基本用法基本用法all,each,both,either,neither,one,little,few,many,much,other,another,some,any作主语、宾语、表语、定语(名词性、形容词性)everyone,everybody,everything,someone,somebody,something,anyone,anybody,anything,no one,nobody,nothing作主语、宾语、表语(形容词性),后面可以接else,而且可用所有格(s)形式none作主语、宾语、表语every,no作定语（二）（二）不定代词不定代词含义含义数量关系数量关系作定语时名词作定语时名词的数的数作主语时动作主语时动词的数词的数both两者都=2复数复数either两者中的任何一个=2单数单数neither两者都不=2单数单数all三者或三者以上都3单数或复数单数或复数none三者或三者以上都不3(后不接名词)单数或复数each每一个2单数单数every每一个3单数单数（三）（三）复合复合不定不定代词代词人人somebody/someoneanybody/anyoneeverybody/everyonenobody/no one物somethinganythingeverythingnothing地somewhereanywhereeverywherenowhere用法一般用于肯定句，或以Would/Could/Can you 或Can/May I 引导的疑问句中一般用于否定句、疑问句或条件句中2.复合不定代词复合不定代词注意：注意：(1)形容词或动词不定式修饰复合不定代词时要后置。如：I have something important to tell you.(2)指人的复合不定代词若用作主语，其谓语动词一般用单数，相应的人称代词和物主代词也用单数 he，him，his(不一定指男性)，但在非正式文体中常用复数代词 they，them，their。如：Everyone knows this,doesnt he/dont they？(4)someone，anyone，everyone 等只能指人，不能指物，且其后一般不接of 短语。若是指物或后接 of 短语，可用 any one，every one。如：any one of the boys(3)指事物的复合不定代词若用作主语，谓语动词只能用单数，相应的人称代词也只能用 it，而不用 they。如：Something is wrong with my bike.易混不定代词辨析详见词汇一本通易混不定代词辨析详见词汇一本通 真题热身真题热身()1.What a great thing to have a robot at home!Robots are really useful.One day they will help people do almost _.（2016厦门市)A.something B.everything C.nothing()2.How is Lily in the new school?She is doing _very well.There is to worry about.（2016泉州市)A.nothing B.something C.anything中考真题BB