高一英语定语从句.ppt

GrammarThe Relative Clause定定语从句从句1.定定语从句的基本概念从句的基本概念1 定定语从从句句是是整整个个句句子子充充当当定定语,来来修修饰名名词或或代代词。被被定定语从从句句所所修修饰的的词叫叫先先行行词，定定语从从句句一一般般紧跟跟先先行行词。定定从从一一般般用用关关系系代代词或或关关系系副副词引引导，关关系系词在在含含义上上替替代代先先行行词,并并在在定定语从从句句中中充充当当一个成分一个成分。2.定定语从句的基本概念从句的基本概念2vThe man who came to see me this morning is my cousin.今天早晨来看我的人是我表弟.先行词 定语从句 关系代词作主语，不可省 3.定定语从句的基本概念从句的基本概念3v关系代关系代词：v代人代人:who（主主语/宾语），），whom（宾语）v代物代物:which（主主语/宾语）v代人或物代人或物:that (主主语/宾语)vWhose 某人的/某物的,（先行先行词的所有格的所有格)；v关系代关系代词在从句中在从句中做主做主语，不能省略，不能省略;v做做宾语，可以省略。，可以省略。4.定定语从句的基本概念从句的基本概念4v关系副关系副词：vWhere 表示地点，在定从中作地点状地点状语;vWhen 表示时间，在定从中作时间状状语;vWhy 表示原因，在定从中作原因状原因状语。5.v关系代关系代词vwhichvwho/whomvthatv关系副关系副词vwhenvwherevwhyv诀窍:1.先找定先找定语从句所从句所修修饰的先行的先行词;2.再判断定从里缺再判断定从里缺少成分少成分吗?3.如缺成分如缺成分,缺的是缺的是什么成分什么成分?主主语还是是宾语?6.v1.Do you know the lady _ gave us a speech last week?v(who,that)v2.The book _ cost me 1,200 yuan is an encyclopaedia.v(which,that)7.v3.He is a man _ we should learn from.v(whom,who,that,/)v4.That is the place _ I was born.v(where)8.v15.The tool _ he is working with is called a tin opener.v(which,that,/)vThe tool with _ he is working is called a tin-opener.v(which)9.veg:The book is for the people whose native language is not English.veg:whose cover is red.I bought a bookt th he e c co ov ve er r o of f w wh hi ic ch h i is s r re ed d.v o of f w wh hi ic ch h t th he e c co ov ve er r i is s r re ed d.ve eg g:C Ch hi il ld de er rn n w wh ho os se e p pa ar re en nt ts s a ar re e d de ea ad d a ar re e c ca al ll le ed d o or rp ph ha an ns s.10.v16.The gift was sent by her son _is serving in the army.v(who,that)v17.The gift was sent by her son,who is serving in the army.v(16,限制性定从限制性定从,限定作用限定作用;v 17,非限制性定从非限制性定从,补充修充修饰作用作用)11.v18.How many students are there in your class _ homes are in Pudong new area?v(whose)v19.They have invited us to visit their school,which is very kind of them.v(非限制性定从中的which还可以指代前面一句话!)12.v20.The road was widened,which was exactly what we wanted.13.只用只用that,不能用不能用which的的5种情况种情况A.当先行当先行词是不定代是不定代词时(anything，everything，nothing，all，little)1.Do you have anything that you dont understand?2.Everything that can be done has been done.3.Im not interested in all that he told me.=Im not interested in what he told me.（宾从）14.vB.当先行当先行词被最高被最高级形容形容词所修所修饰时,v1.This is the highest building that I have ever seen.v2.Do you think this is the most powerful computer that has ever been invented?vC.当先行当先行词被序数被序数词修修饰时 v1.The second question that was discussed at the meeting was the most important.v2.This is the last book that is on my reading list.15.vD.当先行当先行词被被all，no，only，any，very，just，much等等词修修饰时This is the very book that Ive been looking for.This is the only example that I can give you.16.E.当先行当先行词由人和物共同由人和物共同组成成Here are the people and the books that/O I love.17.不能用不能用that的两种情况的两种情况vA.在非限制性定在非限制性定语从句中从句中v1.Weve collected many stamps,which are all very nice.v2.This note was left by Mr.Wu,who was here a moment ago.vB.在介在介词后面后面v1.This is country to which he wants to go.v2.At our school,there are about 200 foreign students,most of whom are from Europe.18.ASAs也是也是关系代关系代词，用于用于1.Suchas 和和 the sameas结构中构中I want to buy such a skirt as you are wearing.I want to buy the same skirt as you are wearing.(比较:I want to buy the same skirt that you are wearing.)19.ASv2.或在非限制性定或在非限制性定语从句中表示前面整个句从句中表示前面整个句子子.vShe has done a good job,as we all know.vAs we all know,she has done a good job.20.Way做先行做先行词?vWay做先行做先行词,表示方式方法表示方式方法:v定定语从句中从句中,可以用可以用v1.in whichv2.thatv3.O21.Way做先行做先行词?v1.Wallance and Darwin agreed on the way in which different forms of life had begun.v2.The way in which these comrades look at problems is wrong.v3.The way that these comrades look at problems is wrong.22.Way做先行做先行词?v4.The way these comrades look at problems is wrong.v5.Musicians rarely agree on the way a piece of music should be played.23.CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,v1.The old woman has two sons,one of _ is a professor.v2.The old woman has two sons,and one of _ is a professor.v(1.whom,v2.them)24.CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,3.Do you know why he was absent?（宾从）4.Do you know the reason why he was absent?（定从）5.Do you know the reason which(that)may explain his absence?（定语从句）以上三句含义相同，句式不同。25.CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,6.The reason that you were ill yesterday is not accepted.（你昨天生病的原因没有被接受。）v这是一句“同位语”从句的句子，“reason”与“you were ill yesterday”表达的是同等意思，因此关系词不能用“which”，只能用“that”。26.CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,v7.The news that our team won the game made us excited.（我们队赢的消息使我们激动.同位语从句）8.The news which(that)I heard through the radio is exciting.（我从广播中听到的消息令人激动.定语从句）27.CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,9.定定语从句中的插入从句中的插入语 vHe made a speech,which I thought was of great importance.vJimmy is the boy,who everybody believes will win the first prize in the singing competition.28.CLASSICAL QUESTIONS ,v在上述句子中，I thought,everybody believes是插入语，还有I suppose,everybody knows等在定语从句中出现，容易受其迷惑而用错关系词。比如在上述第二句中就不能用“whom”，因为“who”是从句的主语，而“everybody believes”是插入语。因此在有插入语的定语从句中，考虑用什么关系代词或副词时，可暂时不考虑插入语，以免受其迷惑。29.1Thejourneyaroundtheworldtooktheoldsailorninemonths,_thesailingtimewas226days.(2004全国卷全国卷)A.ofwhichB.duringwhichC.fromwhichD.forwhich30.2.Iworkinabusiness_almosteveryoneiswaitingforagreatchance.(2004湖南卷湖南卷)A.howB.whichC.whereD.that31.3.Manypeoplewhohadseenthefilmwereafraidtogototheforestwhentheyrememberedthescenes_peoplewereeatenbythetiger.(2005广广东卷卷)A.inwhichB.bywhichC.whichD.that32.4.Werejusttryingtoreachapoint_bothsideswillsitdowntogetherandtalk.(2006山山东卷卷)A.whereB.thatC.whenD.which33.5.Iwasgiventhreebooksoncooking,thefirst_Ireallyenjoyed.(2006浙江卷浙江卷)A.ofthatB.ofwhichC.thatD.which34.6.Lastweek,onlytwopeoplecametolookatthehouse,_wantedtobuyit.(2007安徽卷安徽卷)A.noneofthem B.bothofthem C.noneofwhom D.neitherofwhom35.7.Ericreceivedtrainingincomputerforoneyear,_hefoundajobinabigcompany.(2007辽宁卷宁卷)A.afterthatB.afterwhichC.afteritD.afterthis36.1.Theperson_youshouldwritetoisMr.Ball.2.Thepersonto_youshouldwriteisMr.Ball.3.Thegames_hecompetedinwereswimmingandshooting.4.Thegamesin_hecompetedwereswimmingandshooting.who/that/whomwhomwhich/thatwhichCompletethefollowingsentencesusingattributiveclauses.37.5.Thepoorboy_lostbothhisparentslastyearliveswithhisgrandfather.6.Thisisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago.7.Thisisthefactory_makestoys.8.Heistheboy_familywaspoor.9.Thepen_heiswritingnowwasboughtyesterday.who/thatwhere/inwhichwhosewhich/thatwithwhich38.单句改句改错v1.Anyone who break the law will be severely v punished.v2.We can take steps to cut the amount of carbon dioxide that sent out into the air.v3.He is one of the students who has been praised by our teacher.v4.He is the only one of the students who have been praised by our teacher.39.单句改句改错v5.He bought many books yesterday,most of them are written in English.v6.The way in which he mentioned at the meeting is quite good.v7.We will never forget the days we spent on the farm then.v8.He was admitted to a key university last year,it made his parents proud.40.定语从句注意事项v 学科：英语v 年级：高一v 内容：语法专项v 学校：山丹一中v 教师姓名：邹秀玲41.定语从句注意事项v1.关系代词代替先行词在定从中作主语时，定从谓动必须遵循时态和语态规则。veg:Do you know the man who is talking to our head teacher?veg:The mountain climbers who were trapped in the storm were finally saved.42.定语从句注意事项v2.定语从句中的主谓一致问题：veg:He told the news to those who were present at the meeting.v3.先行词在定从中所做的成分必须用词替代。veg:The watch I bought it(it取掉)yesterday has gone wrong.v4.关系代词的省略：仅是代替先行词在定从中作宾语时。43.定语从句注意事项veg:The expert we visited last week is from Shanghai.v5.先行词是人且在从句中作宾语时关系代词可以是that,whom,who,或不填。v6.that,why不能引导非限定性定从，其余均可且用法同限定性定从一样。44.定语从句注意事项v7.非限定性定从与简单句和并列句的差别。eg:She has two sons,both of whom are doctors.vShe has two sons.Both of them are doctors.vShe has two sons,and both of them are doctors.45.定语从句注意事项v8.先行词是时间，地点，原因时，定从的引导词要分情况。先行词在定从中作主语，宾语时，用that,which。作状语时，用when,where（可用介词加which替换）,why或for which。46.定语从句注意事项v9.先行词是the way（方式，方法）且在从句中作主语或宾语时，用that 或which。若作方式状语则用that,in which 或不填。veg:Do you like the way he told us?v Do you like the way he treats others?47.