对外高级商务英语听说（第二版）（答案） 高级商务英语听说 第二版 练习答案.pdf

Key to ExercisesUnit 1Part AExercise 1.(1)75%(2)54%(3)38 000(4)44(5)1.2 billionExercise 2.1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.FPart BExercise 1.Globalization is a historical processIt refers to the increasing inlegration of economies around the world.It also refers to the movement of people(labor)and knowledge(technology)across international borders.There are also broader cultural,political and environmentaldimensions.People are worried becauseOn the one hand global markets offer greater opportunity for people to tap into more and larger markets.On the other hand markets do not necessarily ensure the ben而s of increased efficiency are shared by all countries.Poor countries can not benefit from market opportunitiesUnparalleled economic growth was not steady.The progress was not evenly dispersed.Poor countries have not fully benefited from globalization in four aspects.1.Trade：Great variation exists among ths major regions.2.Capital movement：The capital flow has been volatile and up to crisis.2 高级商务英语听说（第二版）(continued)Poor countries have not fully benefited from globalization3.Movement of people：The numbers involved are still quite small.4.Spread of knowledge：For the poorest economies in the world,due to infrastruclurc arid policy constraints,they are lack of ability to attract any FDI.This makes them even more marginalized.in four aspects.What can developing countries do?Components of a package：1.Macroeconomic stability lo create the right conditions for investmenl aed saving；2.Outward oriented policies to promote efficiency through increased trade and inveslment；3.Structural reform to encourage domestic competition；4.Strong institutions and an effective govemmenl to foster good governance；5.Education,training,and reseaich and development to promote productivity；6.External debt management to ensure adequate resources for sustainable development.Exercise 2.(1)What are the two opposing views with regard to globalization?Some people view it as beneficial-a key to future economic development.Others regard it with hostility and even fearbringing inequality,unemployment,and social disorder.(2)Why are people so worried about globalization?Because market promotes efficiency through competition and division of labor.And markets do not necessarily ensure that the benefits of increased efficiency are shared by all countries.(3)What are the per capita GDP increases for the whole world,for the richest quarter and for the poorest quarter respectively?They are five-fold,six-fold,and three-fold respectively.(4)Of all the factors contributing to a countrys catch-up in globalization,what matters most?What matters most is the whole package of policies,financial and technical assistance,and debt relief if necessary.Key to Exercises 3Part CExercise 1.(1)International Monetary Fund(2)uturning pointn(3)hedge funds(4)supervisory group(5)developing nations(6)China,India and BrazilExercise 2.(1)Finance ministers and central bankers formed the Group ten years ago in 1999 to give more attention to developing nations.Leaders met in November 2008 in Washington for the first time.They plan to meet again in September.(2)The International Monetary Fund created the Special Drawing Right,or SDR,forty years ago.The value is based on several major currencies.Today the IMF and some other international organizations mainly use it as an accounting tool.(3)Developing economies like China,India and Brazil want greater influence over international financial policy and groups like the IMF.The governor of the Chinese central bank Zhou Xiaochuan called for a new currency disconnected from individual nations-such as using what are called Special Drawing Rights.A United Nations group of experts also urged a new global reserve system-an expanded version of Special Drawing Rights.Unit 2 Appendix II Key to ExercisesPart AExercise 1.(1)F(2)T(3)F(4)F Exercise 2.(1)round(3)broader(5)seeking restrictions(7)expired(5)T(2)resolving(4)consulting with(6)have surged(8)American frustration4 高级商务英语听说（第二版）(9)soaring(10)$162 billion(11)32 percentPart BExercise 1.Between 1994 and1997the exchange rate of the RMB against the U.S.dollar appreciated steadily from 8.71,reflecting the feature of a managed floating rate.By the end of 1997China substantially narrowed ihe floating band of the RMB exchange rate.This has helped reduce the shock of the Asian financial crisis and dispel the fear of RMB devaluation.As a matter of factin the 1990s China used to record a low level of foreign reserves；so it was necessary to expandthem to be compatible with the level of import and external debts.The outbreak of the Asian financial crisis in 1997has led us to reconsider the appropriate level of foreign reserves among Asian countries and a higherlevel was thought to be desired.By the end of 2001 and in 2002China was formally accepted as a member of WTO,we entailed a series of trade reforms to complywith the WTO rules.Naturally during this period unlike many other countries,China overhauledits trade policy.It turned out that while Chinas import in 2002 recorded a rapid expansion,export also surged,resulting in a trade surplus of 30.4 billion U.S.dollars.In the five years following theaccession to theWTOChina continued to cut tariff and relax quantitative import restrictions,further liberalize servicetrade,including financial and communication sector.Since the beginning of world financial crisisthe growth of Chinas imports has accelerated.We sent several procurement delegates to Europe and the USA.We continue to buy the Treasury billsthe U.S.government bonds to help reducethe effect of this financial crisis.Exercise 2.1.What are the two hot issues related to Chinas international trade?Two hot issues related to Chinas international trade are Chinas RMB exchange rate and Chinas high foreign reserves.2.Why did China reconsider the appropriate level of foreign reserves after 1997?It was the outbreak of the Asian financial crisis in 1997 that has led us to reconsider the appropriate level of foreign reserves.The other reason that accounts for the rapid Key to Exercises 5increase of foreign exchange reserveis the preparation for the resumption of Chinas WTO status.It was predicted that an appropriate level of foreign reserves was necessary due to the need to fulfill WTO promise to reduce tariffs for imported goods and full-rounded opening of the Chinese market.3.What did Chinese government do in order to reduce the effect of world financial crisis?We sent several procurement delegates to Europe and the USA.We continue to buy the Treasury bills-the U.S.government bonds to help reduce the effect of this financial crisis.4.Is it possible to address Sino-U.S.trade imbalance by means of exchange rate?No.Sino-U.S.trade imbalances are caused by two countries,existing economic and trade structure.Even if China achieved an overall current account balance through changes in trade and currency policies,the U.S.trade deficit may be attributable to structural imbalances and fiscal deficits in the United States rather than the RMB exchange rate.Part CExercise 1.(1)Free Trade is defined as：The trade of goods without taxes(including tariffs)or other trade barriers(e.g.,quotas on imports or subsidies for producers)The absence of trade-distorting policies(such as taxes,subsidies,regulations or laws)that give some firms,households,or factors of production an advantage over others Free access to markets and market information Free movement of labor between and within countries and Free movement of capital between and within countries.6 高级商务英语听说(第二版)(2)On the other hand,the definition of Fair Trade by the Fair Trade Federation(FTF)is：Paying fair wages in local context Supporting participatory work places Ensuring environmental sustainability Supplying financial and technical support Respecting cultural identity(6)Offering public accountability(7)Educating consumersExercise 2.(1)vision(2)dignity(3)raise(4)options(5)headed(6)popularity(7)realized(8)mainstreamUnit 3 Appendix II Key to ExercisesPart AExercise 1.(1)-d(2)-a(3)-e(4)-b(5)-c Exercise 2.(1)felt unable(2)be raised even higher(3)water down(4)68,69,44(5)hit,retreatedPart BExercise 1.1.F 2.T 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.F 7.TExercise 2.1.The President wants to cut the federal deficit by half over the next four years and the ways to realize it.2.President Obama is set to unveil his$50-billion program targeting the housing crisis today.Key to Exercises 73.U.S.automakers are now asking for more federal bailout money.4.Secretary of State Hillary Clinton is headed back home after wrapping up her first overseas trip as the top U.S.diplomat.5.California Lawmakers are still trying to figure out how to close this$42-billion budget gap.6.GM building in New York is up for sale.7.Sales at Starbucks are sliding due to economic crisis and consumers are tying up their purse.Part CExercise 1.Greespan thinks that the Fed should not try to burst a bubble by raising inte-rest rate.Its because that central bankers have difficulties in spotting the difference between an unsustainable surge in prices based on speculation and a sustainable one based on fundamentals.The market force should be allowed to play out.The Feds job is to pursue policies aimed at low inflation and full employment,not to target asset prices.Greespan argues that there is no guarantee that raising interest rates would have allowed a more gradual deflation of the stock market bubble.If the Fed had raised interest rates high enough,it would eventually have affected the stock market,but that might also have thrown the economy into recession.“It is far from obvious that bubbles,even if identified early,can be pre-empted at lower cost than a substantial economic contraction and possible financial destabilizationthe very outcomes we are seeking to avoid.nGreenspan suggests that the Feds success in securing low inflation and less volatile economic growth may itself lead to more speculation in asset markets.The reason is that investors conclude that these good times are likely to continue.The example is a housing market that is showing signs of“froth”in a number of cities,amid buy-to-let speculation that has resulted in u speculative fervorn in some areas.The FOMC conclusion is that the Fed should deal with the consequences in the event of a market disturbance.8 高级商务英语听说（第二版）Exercise 2.1.How does the speaker think of Alan Greenspans famous comment u irrational exuberance?The speaker thinks that there are times when the market is exuberant but rational.2.Whats the so-called“mopping up“strategy?It is a strategy of the Fed,as a central bank,that it does not try to replace the market but if a market shift threatens the core mandate,its job is to deal with the consequences.3.“When stock prices rose after the end of Fed tightening cycles in the late 1980s and early 1990s”,what does it mean?It means that there is no guarantee that raising interest rates would have allowed a more gradual deflation of the stock market bubble.4.How does Henry Kaufman think of the FOMC conclusion?He believes that the FOMC is too sanguine；the housing market poses grave risks for the economy and the Feds assurances that it will raise rates at a umeasured pace have contributed to a household debt-financed consumption binge and to speculative activity by investors.Unit 4 Appendix II Key to ExercisesPart AExercise 1.FactsInformationFactsInformation314Residents surveyed95 percentConfidence in government18-60 yearsAge range79 percentWorry for the hard hit in economy5 percentError margin80 percentWillingness to volunteer77 percentNo shopping in downtownAbout halfNot to let trivial things to affect90 percentNo dinning out90 percentReport suspected cases1 percentTravel to other cities96.5 percentLeant SARS development from mediaKey to Exercises 9Exercise 2.(1)T(2)T(3)T(4)F(5)FPart BExercise 1.(1)2.8%d.the percentage of exports drop(2)44%e.sales rise of Mercedes cars in China(3)20 to 30 percenta.the percentage of spending decrease(4)13%g.Chinas growth rate in 2007(5)35%f.sales drop of holiday items(6)4 500c.customers surveyed(7)5%b.Chinas growth rate this yearExercise 2.(1)firms and families cut their travel budgets(2)Clothes and electronics shops(3)80%of the time(4)car dealing and property industry(5)phone and internet services(6)education(7)medical industry(8)consumers how to haggle(9)it could prop up salesPart CExercise 1.(1)outgrowth(3)25 percent(5)20 percent(7)healthier foods(9)more nutritious(2)70 percent(4)30 000(6)ingredients(8)liquid substitute(10)wholesome products10 高级商务英语听说(第二版)Exercise 2.(1)How have the traditional food manufacturers reacted to the fitness trend?They have begun modifying their ingredients to cater to the health-conscious consumers.To meet the demand for healthier foods,they offer food with reduced fat,low sodium,low calories,no cholesterol,and no preservatives.Even frozen foods have become more nutritious and junk food is trying to appear more healthful.(2)What are the changes taking place in what people drink?Coffee consumption,distilled spirit and beer consumption have been declining.Consumption of nonalcoholic beer and bottled water has grown rapidly.Unit 5 Appendix II Key to ExercisesPart ANews item 1(1)decade(2)five(3)100(4)28(5)struggling(6)Volkswagen(7)11%News item 2(1)F(2)T(3)F(4)T(5)FPart BExercise 1.(1)7.5%；optimism；(2)luxury；renaissance；upmarket rivals(3)embraced；arrogance；genetic code(4)humble；contemporaryExercise 2.(1)What are the two reasons for Wal-Marts success?There are two reasons for Wal-Marts success：one economic,one strategic.On the economic front,Wal-Mart is benefiting from the change in the fortunes of the U.S.consumer.A recent survey from Bain&Company showed that U.S.consumers are becoming more likely to trade down and Wal-Mart is enjoying a middle-class renaissance at the expense of its upmarket rivals.Key to Exercises ,11On the strategic side,Wal-Mart has adopted a revitalization plan which renders its cash registers at Wal-Mart beeping with such fury.(2)What does brand repositioning mean?And what is the problem with it?Its a tactic taught daily to business school students.Students are shown a perceptual map in which a brand is in close proximity to competitors and associated with lifeless values.Then the student is pointed to a golden land on the other side of the map,where the consumers unfulfilled needs are and competitors are few and far between.The implication is obvious：change what the brand stands for and become popular and profitable again.The problem with brand repositioning：it does not work.(3)Explain what Wal-Marts repositioning plan was?In Wal-Marts case,the brand repositioning was particularly bonkers.Out went founder Sam Waltons philosophy on reducing costs for small-town America.In came organic food,expensive jewellery and$500 bottles of wine.Celebrities like Destinys Child were brought in to promote the brand,and Wal-Mart even invested in an ill-fated ad campaign in Vogue.(4)What is brand revitalization?Brand revitalization is a m