山东省潍坊市2019-2020学年高三上学期期末英语试题(解析版).doc

山东省潍坊市2019-2020学年高三上学期期末英语试题注意事项：1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、考生号等填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。2. 回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时,将答案写在答题卡上,写在本试卷上无效。第一部分 阅读（共两节，满分50分） 第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ATired of Neck Pain? We are proud to offer a gadget- Neck Massager- that will relieve your back and neck pain instantly! How does Neck Massager work?The reason why Neck Massager is so effective is definitely its innovative, scientific, time-tested methods that it uses to target the aching areas of your body and bring you long-awaited relief. Not only does this well-designed device reduce pain and tension, but also it improves your mood and overall health! Only the 2 AAA batteries will make sure that you can use it whenever tension strikes!People are already enjoying the benefits of Neck Massager:Whenever I use it, I instantly feel happier and more relaxed, so the effect really lasts. Neck Massager is not my small pleasure-its a big one! - Sandra ReamesIm not so good with tech, so I was nervous about figuring out how to use it, but this device is so simple to use that even someone like me had absolutely no problem. I have started to sleep better as well ,and that was one of the most surprising benefits of the Neck Massager!- Pat SullivanHow much is it?Compared to all the medical expenses and other alternatives, Neck Massager is definitely worth a try. Its now available 50% OFF, which means youre able to get it for only 46!No pills, no doctor appointments, no wasted time-you can now feel great in your own home!IMPORTANT INFORMATION! “As of February 12, 2020, you can still get a Neck Massager with DISCOUNT!”1. What makes Neck Massager so effective?A. Its working methods.B. Its well-designed look.C. The 2 AAA batteries.D. The long working time.2. What does Pat Sullivan think of the device?A. It is light.B. It is oversized.C. It is simple to use.D. It is safe to operate.3. How much will you have to pay if you buy one in March,2020?A. 23.B. 46.C. 69.D. 92.【答案】1. A 2. C 3. D【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一款能够缓解背部和颈部疼痛的按摩器Neck Massager，介绍了其工作方法、用户评价以及价格等信息。【1题详解】细节理解题。根据How does Neck Massager work?部分中The reason why Neck Massager is so effective is definitely its innovative, scientific, time-tested methods that it uses to target the aching areas of your body and bring you long-awaited relief.(颈部按摩之所以如此有效的原因无疑是它的创新、科学、久经考验的方法，它可以针对你身体疼痛的部位，给你带来期待已久的缓解)可知，Neck Massager的工作方法让它非常有效果。故选A。【2题详解】细节理解题。根据People are already enjoying the benefits of Neck Massager:部分中Im not so good with tech, so I was nervous about figuring out how to use it, but this device is so simple to use that even someone like me had absolutely no problem.(我对技术不是很在行，所以我对如何使用它感到很紧张，但是这个设备使用起来很简单，即使是像我这样的人也完全没有问题)可知，Pat Sullivan认为这个设备使用起来很简单。故选C。【3题详解】细节理解题。根据How much is it?部分中Its now available 50% OFF, which means youre able to get it for only 46!(现在有五折优惠，这意味着你只需花46英镑就能买到它！)可知，如果你在2020年3月买一台，你要付46/50%=92英镑。故选D。BThe sound that woke Damian Languell at 8:15 in the morning was so loud he assumed it came from inside his house in Wade, Maine. As he got up to investigate, he heard another sound, this one coming most definitely from outside. Looking out of his bedroom window, he noticed a tree enveloped in smoke about 500 yards away. A car wrapped around the trees base, its engine on fire.Grabbing buckets of water, he and his wife ran to the crash site. Up close, the accident looked worse. The car was split nearly in two, and the tree was where the drivers seat ought to have been, as if planted there. No one should have survived this crash, and yet there was 20- year-old Quintin Thompson, his terrified face pressed against the drivers side window, in visible pain.Languell tried putting out the fire with his buckets of water but failed. When the flames got into the front seats, he knew he had to get the young man out. So Languell opened the cars back door and climbed in. Using a pocket knife hed brought with him, he cut through Thompsons seat belt. Now that Thompson was free, Languell pulled him out, and dragged him to safety before the entire car was in flames.It is empathy that drove Languell to help, just as he said, My heart goes out to Thompson. When you are that close to that level of hurt, you feel it so directly. For his heroic action, Languell was added to the list of real-life heroes changing the world.4. Where was the first sound actually from?A. A house on fire.B. A car crash.C. The bedroom window.D. The basement.5. What do we know about Quintin Thompson?A. He saved his car from fire.B. He was successfully rescued.C. He remained calm all the time.D. He was capable of helping himself out.6. Which of the following best explains empathy” underlined in the last paragraph?A. Honesty.B. Wisdom.C. Sympathy.D. Responsibility.7. Which words can best describe Damian Languell?A. Daring and generous.B. Caring and grateful.C. Courageous and noble.D. Ambitious and reliable.【答案】4. B 5. B 6. C 7. C【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章记叙了Damian Languell勇敢地救出了一起车祸中的幸存者Quintin Thompson的故事。因为他的英勇行为，Languell被列入了现实生活中改变世界的英雄名单。【4题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段中The sound that woke Damian Languell at 8:15 in the morning was so loud he assumed it came from inside his house in Wade, Maine.(清晨8点15分， Damian Languell被吵醒的声音太大了，以至于他以为那声音是从缅因州Wade的家中传出来的)以及A car wrapped around the trees base, its engine on fire.(一辆汽车绕在树的底部，发动机着火了)可推知，第一个声音实际上是车祸发出的。故选B。【5题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段最后一句Now that Thompson was free, Languell pulled him out, and dragged him to safety before the entire car was in flames.(现在Thompson自由了，Languell把他拉了出来，在整辆车起火之前把他拉到安全的地方)可知，Quintin Thompson成功获救。故选B。【6题详解】词义猜测题。根据下文My heart goes out to Thompson. When you are that close to that level of hurt, you feel it so directly.(我很同情汤普森。当你接近那种程度的伤害时，你会直接感受到)可推知，正是这种同情心促使Languell伸出援手的，由此可知，划线单词意思为“同情心”。故选C。【7题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中So Languell opened the cars back door and climbed in. Using a pocket knife hed brought with him, he cut through Thompsons seat belt. Now that Thompson was free, Languell pulled him out, and dragged him to safety before the entire car was in flames.(他用随身携带的小刀割断了Thompson的安全带。现在Thompson自由了，Languell把他拉了出来，在整辆车起火之前把他拉到安全的地方)可知，Languell不怕危险将Thompson从车里救了出来。由此可知，Languell很勇敢；根据最后一段中For his heroic action, Languell was added to the list of real-life heroes changing the world.(因为他的英勇行为，朗格尔被列入了现实生活中改变世界的英雄名单)可推知，Languell的行为很高尚。故选C。【点睛】词义猜测题是高考阅读理解中常考题型之一，可以大致分为 定义猜词，可以根据定义信息和举例猜测词义。如文中常用refer to，be called或thats to say，such as等。 逻辑猜词可以根据同义词、反义词、因果关系词等猜测词义，例如，similarly,the same as,but,however,while,on the other hand,since ,because等，所猜词与这些提示词前/后面部分的含义一样、相反或是前因后果。 语法猜词，可以根据构词法，再结合上下文进行猜词。 语境猜词，猜测词义离不开上下文的语境，通过上下文提供的情景和线索进行合理的分析，同时还要关注其所在的整段及整篇文章。 指代猜词即找出人称代词、指示代词、关系代词或关系副词等所指代的内容，做题时要注意指代词的位置，以便于判断，然后用所找的指代内容替换划线代词，核实其逻辑、意义、位置等是否一致，最后比较所找部分与选项，确定意思最接近的选项。如第三小题，根据下文My heart goes out to Thompson. When you are that close to that level of hurt, you feel it so directly.(我很同情汤普森。当你接近那种程度的伤害时，你会直接感受到)可推知，正是这种同情心促使Languell伸出援手的，故划线单词意思为“同情心”。故选C。CCoral reefs (珊瑚礁) are an integral part of sea life and sustain it by providing shelter and habitat to various organisms. They also supply and recycle nutrients as well as enable a growing fish population, along with other species, for a healthy and diverse ecosystem. However, the rise in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime coral bleaching (白化现象) events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them.In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick-starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms. The location for this experiment was the Great Barrier Reef in the Coral Sea, found alongside the east coast of Queensland, Australia. The site is noted to have the largest coral reef system in the world.“Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places-the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish. Young fish concentrate on these sounds when theyre looking for a place to settle,” said Steve Simpson, study co-author and a professor at the University of Exeter, UK.By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played. “These returning fish, are crucial for coral reefs to function as healthy ecosystems. Boosting fish populations in this way could help to kick-start natural recovery processes, preventing the damage were seeing on many coral reefs around the world,” said lead author, Tim Gordon.8. What causes the phenomenon of coral bleaching?A. Diverse species.B. Noise pollution.C. Fishing industry.D. Climbing temperatures.9. What approach is introduced to recover the coral reefs?A. Removing damaged coral reefs.B. Using loudspeakers to keep fish away.C. Building new homes for sea species.D. Playing certain sounds to appeal to fish.10. Why are Steve Simpsons words quoted?A. To provide some findings of the study.B. To show the progress of the experiment.C. To explain reasons for the new approach.D. To give another solution to the problem.11. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. The attempts are in vain.B. Natural recovery is impossible.C. Initial success has been achieved.D. The coral reefs have returned to normal.【答案】8. D 9. D 10. C 11. C【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了由于气候变化导致的平均水温上升导致了更频繁、更长期的珊瑚白化事件，而为了恢复这一脆弱的生态系统，科学家们在受损的珊瑚礁附近使用水下扩音器，让珊瑚听起来更健康，从而能够吸引鱼类。文章解释了采用这一方法的原因以及这一新方法获得了初步成功。【8题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中However, the rise in average water temperatures due to climate change has resulted in more frequent and longtime u coral bleaching events that damage their health, causing fish and other sea species to abandon them.(然而，由于气候变化导致的平均水温上升导致了更频繁、更长期的珊瑚白化事件，损害了它们的健康，导致鱼类和其他海洋物种抛弃它们)可知，气温攀升是导致珊瑚白化现象的原因。故选D。【9题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段中In order to restore this delicate ecosystem, scientists from the UK and Australia conducted a study that involved using loudspeakers underwater near damaged coral reefs to make them sound healthy and attract fish, potentially kick-starting the natural recovery process of coral reefs and their dependent life forms.(为了恢复这一脆弱的生态系统，来自英国和澳大利亚的科学家们进行了一项研究，他们在受损的珊瑚礁附近使用水下扩音器，让它们听起来更健康，吸引鱼类，这可能会启动珊瑚礁的自然恢复过程及其依赖的生命形式)可知，应当采用播放某些声音来吸引鱼的方法来恢复珊瑚礁。故选D。【10题详解】推理判断题。根据倒数第二段第一句Healthy coral reefs are remarkably noisy places-the crackle of snapping shrimp and the whoops and grunts of fish.(健康的珊瑚礁是非常吵杂的地方虾的噼啪声和鱼的呼噜呼噜声)可知，引用Steve Simpson的话是为了解释采用这一新方法的原因。故选C。【11题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段第一句By using loudspeakers to copy such sounds, parts of dead coral reefs were found to attract twice as many fish, compared to places where no sounds were played.(通过使用扩音器来模仿这些声音，人们发现部分死去的珊瑚礁比没有声音的地方能吸引两倍多的鱼)可推，知这一新方法初步取得了成功。故选C。DAs we reflect on the evolution of fitness over the centuries, and the emergence of a well- organized and growing fitness” market and industry, it is well to ask ourselves: what have we lost, and what have we gained?Obviously, much good has come out of these recent developments: theres widespread awareness of the importance of regular exercise, nearly every community has a gym or fitness club where people can go or pay to work out, and we understand more about how the human body works.Yet despite the many health and fitness methods, programs, and resources, the general population has never been so physically sedentary （久坐的）and out-of-shape. A recent World Health Organization report indicates that life expectancy （寿命）in the U. S. dropped for the first time since 1993. The health of modem people is declining, despite highly advanced medical technologies and the booming health and fitness industry.How could that be? A large part of it is motivation. People are simply not as motivated to move their body and get healthy as they were in the past. We live in a society where the inability to operate ones body in a practical and effective manner is no longer an embarrassing condition. The fitness industry no matter how good each new program claims to be, has failed to get the majority of people to value, practice, and enjoy physical exercise.So, should we expect the answer to this dilemma to come from even more varied, or more technologically advanced programs and equipment? Or will the solution come from a different mindset, a simpler approach and practice, and overall a new culture?12. What does the author tell us about fitness industry in paragraph 2?A. It provides better technology.B. It is supported by most people.C. It brings about positive effects.D. It costs people too much money.13. What is the main reason why people fail to do physical exercise?A. Not enough equipment.B. Lack of inner drive.C. Misguided instructions.D. Embarrassing living conditions.14. What does the author seem to agree with?A. Change attitudes to fitness.B. Rely on standard practice.C. Seek more potential customers.D. Turn to more advanced programs.15. What is the best title for the text?A. Lost in fitnessB. Misunderstanding about fitnessC. Evolution of fitnessD. Importance of fitness【答案】12. C 13. B 14. A 15. A【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要内容为分析健身市场的发展带来的好处，尽管医疗技术高度发达，健康健身产业蓬勃发展，但现代人的健康水平却在下降。问题产生很大一部分原因是人们缺乏内在动机。作者建议应当改变对健康的态度。【12题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句Obviously, much good has come out of these recent developments: theres widespread awareness of the importance of regular exercise, nearly every community has a gym or fitness club where people can go or pay to work out, and we understand more about how the human body works.（显然，这些最新的发展带来了很多好处:人们普遍意识到定期锻炼的重要性，几乎每个社区都有一个健身房或健身俱乐部，人们可以去那里或花钱去那里锻炼，我们对人体如何工作了解得更多）可知健身产业带来了积极的影响。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中A large part of it is motivation.（其中很大一部分是动机）可知人们不锻炼身体的主要原因是缺乏动机或内在驱动力。故选B。【14题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段中Or will the solution come from a different mindset, a simpler approach and practice, and overall a new culture?（或者，解决方案将来自一个不同的心态，一个更简单的方法和实践，以及一个全新的文化?）可推知作者似乎同意改变对健康的态度。故选A。【15题详解】主旨大意题。根据文章第一段As we reflect on the evolution of fitness over the centuries, and the emergence of a well- organized and growing fitness” market and industry, it is well to ask ourselves: what have we lost, and what have we gained?（当我们回顾几个世纪以来健身运动演变，以及一个组织良好、不断发展的“健身”市场和行业的出现，我们有必要扪心自问:我们失去了什么，又得到了什么?）以及文章主要内容为分析健身市场的发展带来的好处，以及其中存在的问题和问题产生的原因。故A选项“迷恋健身”符合文章标题。故选A。第二节（共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为 多余选项。While plenty of birds-such as swallows hawks and hummingbirds-migrate (迁徙) during the day, the majority of land birds travel at night.Migration at night has at least three advantages. _16_ Secondly the air in the atmosphere is usually more stable than during the day. 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