2017年12月四级真题答案及解析(第一套).doc

Part I Writing
Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short easy on how to best
handle the relationship between doctors and patients. You should write at least
120 words but no more than 180 words.
题目解析：
一、 审题：四级写作的第一步即读懂题目要求。读题目时我们需要在题干中去找“关键词”。本次作文中读完题目，建议同学们用笔勾画出来五个关键词，即五个要点，顺序依次是“30 minutes”、“essay”、“how”、“the relationship between doctors and patients”、“write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words”其中关于考试时间和作文字数的要求每年都一致。接下来审题的重点：这次写作要求我们写一篇常见的议论文，并且去简述如何处理医生和病人的关系。读完题目之后，我们了解到这次的写作主题即“医患关系（the relationship between doctors and patients）”。
二、 谋篇：四级写作的第二步即布局三段结构，这次写作中强调“如何处理医患关系”，所以我们在第二段写作时，可以从两个维度出发—医生和患者—去叙述如何正确处理两个主体之间的关系。
三、 框架：全文分为三个段落。第一段为话题引出段（可结合情景作文第一段，先表明自己的观点）；第二段为原因分析段（主要从医生/患者两个方面进行原因论述）；第三段为意义阐述段。
四、 填充：具体的范文如下，仅做参考。
写作范文：
On the Relationship between Doctors and Patients
In the present age, it is generally acknowledged that the relationship between doctors and patients is playing indispensable roles in our lives. As far as I am concerned, we should balance this kind of relationship from two aspects, doctors and patients.
The causes of this perspective are multiple. In the first place, the reason has been cited as a major reason that doctors cannot be understood, for patients always maintain doctors can cure all kinds of disease. This is mainly due to the fact that although medical technology and science are advanced at an amazing rate, there exists a multitude of various kinds of diseases we cannot cure. Furthermore, the reason can contribute this perspective that patients are believed to be lack of the fundamental medical knowledge, which results in this relationship are worried. Plenty of evidence has shown that an increasing number of patients often go to extremes if their diseases cannot be cure instantly.
When it comes to our modern society, it is universally acknowledged that dealing with the relationship between doctors and patients in a reasonable way plays a vitally important role in our lives. Undoubtedly, if we spare no efforts to do so, our future will be hopeful and promising.

Part II Listening Comprehension

Section A
New report 1
1.答案: B) Her little brother.
Q: Who did Edison raise money for?
解析: 新闻首句原则,了解大致内容是Edison卖柠檬水和画画为生病需要做心脏手术(surgery)的弟弟筹资。第一道题给考生来了个下马威,难度系数比较高, 需要考生自己分类信息再听取问题作答,这种题型称为模棱两可型题目,考察学生听力和反应能力。A) Her friend Erika. 根据顺序原则,A选项在新闻最后才出现且与问题不符，先不作考虑。C/D选项是Edison祖母猜测Edison偷听到祖父的对话,从而得知弟弟生病,与问题无关,故排除。
2.答案: C) By selling lemonade and pictures.
Q: How did Edison raise money?
原文:She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand, make some jewelries and pictures and sell them.
这道题难度中等,根据选项形式都是by, 可得知问题一定是问how,因此,可预先考虑应该紧抓文章中的 “方式”,再根据视听一致原则即可得出答案。

原文：
A 9-year-old girl in New Mexico has raised more than $500 for her little brother who needs heart surgery in Houston Texas this July. Addison Witulski's grandmother Kim Allred said Addison probably overheard a conversation between family members talking about the funds needed to get her little brother to treatment.
" I guess she overheard her grandfather and me talking about how we’re worried about how we’re going to get to Houston, for my grandson’s heart surgery,” said Allred. She decided to go outside and have a lemonade stand and make some drawings and pictures and sell them.”
That’s when Addison and her friends Erika and Emily Borden decided to sell lemonade for 50 cents a cup and sell pictures for 25 cents each.
Before Allred knew it, New Mexico State Police Officers were among the many, stopping by helping them reach a total of $568. The family turned to social media expressing their gratitude saying, “From the bottom of our hearts, we would like to deeply thank each and every person that stopped by!”

New report 2
3.答案: C) Providing clean energy to five million people.
Q：What is the Francis’ purpose of constructing solar panels?
原文: Last week, France announced the country would pay 621miles of road with solar panels over the next five years with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people. (法国将在五年内马路上建造太阳能板,旨在为人们供应可生能源。)
解析: 这道题难度中等, 遵照试听一致原则,同时注意答案前后一致。
4. B) They can be laid right on top of existing highways.
Q: What is especial about the solar panels used in the walkway?
解析: 这道题有模棱两可选项出现,即B/C。但是,C呈现的听力内容只是介绍太阳能板的厚度；而B则是问题所问的特殊作用,因此,综合问题,得出答案即B。其中,highway相对应同义替换的词汇有: walkway, bypass等。

原文：
Last week, France announced that the country will pave 621 miles of road with solar panels over the next five years, with the goal of providing cheap, renewable energy to five million people.
Called “the Wattway,” the roads will be built through joint efforts with the French road-building company Colas and the National Institute of Solar Energy. The company spent the last five years developing solar panels that are only about a quarter of an inch thick and are strong enough to stand up to heavy highway traffic without breaking or making the roads more slippery. The panels are also designed so that they can be installed directly on top of existing roadways, making them relatively cheap and easy to install.
France isn’t the first country to kick around the idea of paving its roads with solar panels. In November 2015, the Netherlands completed a 229-foot-long bike path paved with solar panels as a test for future projects. However, this is the first time a panel has been designed to be laid directly on top of existing roads and the first project to install the panels on public highways.

New report 3
5.答案:A) Endless fighting in the region. (视听一致)
Q：What has made it difficult to survey lions in remote parts of Susan and Ethiopia？
原文：Continuous fighting in the region has made survey difficult.
解析: 这篇新闻研究者们证实非洲的狮子正在大范围消失,并成立小组研究狮子的栖息地。这道题难度中等,通过视听一致即可。
6. 答案：D. To find evidence of the existence of the “lost lions”.
Q: What was the main purpose of the research?
解析：细节题。目的题，按照顺序中段听到了the discovery of the lost lions内容，以及catch images… / identify lions’tracks，确定答案。
7.答案：B. Lions’ tracks.
Q: What did the researchers find in the national park?
解析：细节题。视听一致原则，依据identify lions’tracks, 确定答案.

原文：
Lions have disappeared from much of Africa, but for the past few years scientists have wondered if the big cats were hanging on in remote parts of Sudan and Ethiopia. Continuous fighting in the region has made surveys difficult. But scientists released a report Monday documenting, with hard evidence, the discovery of "lost lions."
A team with Oxford University’s Wildlife Conservation Research Unit, supported by a charity organization, spent two nights in November camping in the National Park in northwest Ethiopia, on the Ethiopia-Sudan border. The researchers set out six camera traps capturing images of lions, and they identified lion tracks.
The scientists concluded that lions are also likely to live in the neighbouring National Park across the border in Sudan. The International Union for Conservation of Nature had previously considered the area a "possible range" for the species, and local people had reported seeing lions in the area, but no one presented convincing evidence.

Section B
Conversation 1
8. 【答案】A. Her “lucky birthday”
【问题】What is the woman looking forward to?
【原文+解析】A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date.一个黄金或幸运的生日是当一个人到达出生日期的年龄。
9. 【答案】D. Threw her a surprise party.
【问题】What did the woman’s parents do on her sister’s lucky birthday?
【原文+解析】 My parents did throw her a surprise party that year.那年我父母给她举办了一个惊喜派对。
10. 【答案】B. The trip her husband has planned.
【问题】What is the woman eager to find out about?
【原文+解析】I’m dying to know what kind of trip he has planned or way we are going.我很想知道他计划了什么样的旅行，或者我们打算去哪。
11. 【答案】C. He is eager to learn how the couple’s holiday turns out.
【问题】What does the man say at the end of the conversation?
【原文+解析】 I can’t wait to hear all about it when you get back.我等不及要听到你回来的消息了。

原文：
M: I bet you're looking forward to the end of this month. Are you?
W: Yes, I am. How did you know?
M: David told me you had a special birthday coming up.
W: Oh…yeah that's right. This year will be my golden birthday.
M: What does that mean? I've never heard of a golden birthday.
W: I've actually just learnt this concept myself. Fortunately, just in time to celebrate. A golden or lucky birthday is when one turns the age of their birth date. So, for example, my sister's birthday is December 9th and her golden birthday would have been the year she turned nine years old. Come to think of it, my parents did throw her a surprise party that year.
M: Interesting. Too bad I missed mine. My golden birthday would've been four years ago. I assume you got big plans then.
W: Actually yes. My husband is planning a surprise holiday for the two of us next week. I have no idea what he's got in mind, but I'm excited to find out. Has he mentioned anything to you?
M: He might have.
W: Anything you'd like to share? I'm dying to know what kind of trip he has planned on where we're going.
M: You know nothing at all?
W: Not a clue. Hard to imagine, isn’t it? Though I must say I think he's been having even more fun keeping the secret from me in the past few weeks.
M: I'm sure both of you will have a fantastic time. Happy golden birthday! I can't wait to hear all about it when you get back.

Conversation 2
12. 【答案】A. They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.
【问题】What does the man say about good negotiators?
【原文+解析】 They are sensitive to the dynamics of a negotiation.他们对谈判的动态很敏感。
13. 【答案】B. They know when to stop.
【问题】What does the man say maybe the most important thing to a successful negotiator?
【原文+解析】 And perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.也许最重要的是，他们知道什么时候该停下来。
14. 【答案】C. They learn quickly.
【问题】How is a good negotiator different from a poor one?
【原文+解析】Good negotiators learn fast.好的谈判者学得快。
15. 【答案】D. Get to know the other side.
【问题】What is the first stage of a negotiation according to a man?
【原文+解析】There are about six stages of a negotiation: get to know the other side谈判大致有六个阶段：了解对方。

原文：
W: Mr. Green, what do you think makes a successful negotiator? 
M: Well, that’s hard to define. But I think successful negotiators have several things in common. They are always polite and rational people. They are firm but flexible. They can recognize power and know how to use it. They are sensitive to the dynamics of the negotiation. The way of rises and falls and how it may change direction. They project the image of confidence, and perhaps most importantly, they know when to stop.
W: And, what about an unsuccessful negotiator?
M: Well, this is probably all of us when we start out. We are probably immature and over-trusting. Too emotional or aggressive. We are unsure of ourselves and we want to be liked by everyone. Good negotiators learn fast. Poor negotiators remain like that and go on losing negotiations.
W: In your opinion, can the skills of negotiation be taught?
M: Well, you can teach someone how to prepare for a negotiation. There are perhaps six stages in every negotiation. Get to know the other side. State your goals. Start the process. Clarify areas of disagreement or conflict. Reassess your position. Making acceptable compromises. And finally, reach some agreement in principle. These stages can be studied. And strategies to be used in each can be planned beforehand. But I think, the really successful negotiator is probably born with six sense about responding appropriately to the situation at hand.
W: The artistic sense you’ve just described?
M: Yes. That’s right.

Section C
Passage 1
16.【答案】D) How space research benefits people on Earth.
【问题】What do some people want to know about space exploration?
【原文+解析】Some people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on Earth. 有些人想知道为什么国家在太空项目上花费了数百万美元。他们想知道太空研究是如何帮助地球上的人们的。该句为段首句，运用题文同序和视听一致确定答案为“D太空研究如何造福地球上的人们。”
17. 【答案】B) They developed objects for astronauts to use in outer space.
【问题】What did scientists do for the space shuttle missions?
【原文+解析】And in the space shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon, and in space. 在今天的航天飞行任务中，科学家们开发了宇航员在月球和太空中使用的物体。该句与答案“B他们开发了宇航员在外层空间使用的物体。”一致，所以答案选B。
18. 【答案】A) They are extremely accurate.
【问题】what does the speaker say about quartz crystal clocks and watches?
【原文+解析】For example, we have quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. 例如，我们有石英晶体钟和手表可以精确到在一年中只有一分钟之内的误差。

原文：
　　Some people wonder why countries spend millions of dollars on space projects. They want to know how space research helps people on Earth. Actually space technology helps people on Earth every day. This is called "spin-off technology."
　　Spin-off technology is space technology that is now used on Earth.
　　In early space programs, such as the Apollo missions of the 1960s and 1970s, and in the Space Shuttle missions today, scientists developed objects for the astronauts to use on the moon and in space. We now use some of these objects every day.
　　For example, we have Quartz crystal clocks and watches accurate to within one minute a year. We purify the water we drink with a water filter designed for the astronauts' use in space.
　　The cordless, hand-held tools we use in our homes, such as vacuum cleaners, flashlights, drills and saws came from the technology of these early space programs.
　　On cold winter days we can stay warm with battery-operated gloves and socks, and specially made coats and jackets. All of these clothes are similar to the spacesuit designs that kept astronauts comfortable in the temperatures of the moon, and are spin-offs from space technology.
These products are only a few examples of the many ways space technology helps us in our everyday lives. No one knows how new spin-off technology from the International Space Station will help us in the future.

Passage 2
19.【答案】C) It marked the beginning of something new.
【问题】Why does the speaker say she would like to go back and live in the 18th century America?
【原文+解析】Well, if I could go back in history and live, I’d like to go back to the 18th century, perhaps in colonial America in Yankee New England where one of my ancestors lived, because it was the beginning of something. 好吧，如果我能回到历史中去生活，我想回到十八世纪，也许是在殖民地美国的新英格兰，我的一个祖先住在那里，因为它是某事的开端。该句位于段首句，题文同序定位答案于此句，并且该句与选项“C它标志着新事物的开始。”意思一致，所以答案选C。
20. 【答案】A) They believed in working for goals.
【问题】What does the speaker say about the Puritans?
【原文+解析】I’m deeply attached to the Puritan tradition, not in a religious sense, but they believe in working for something, working for goals and I like that. 我深深地爱上了清教徒的传统，不是宗教意义上的，而是他们相信工作的事，工作的目标，我很喜欢这一点。与选项A一致。
21. 【答案】D) Doing needlework by the fire.
【问题】What would the speaker like doing if she could go back to the past?
【原文+解析】I love the colonial fabrics, or the silver work, the furn