新概念英语第二册课文语法短语知识点.doc

NEW CONCEPT ENGLISH BOOK 2

practice : 训练, progress : 进步
If you practice more, then you can make great progress.
五项综合训练技能
listening : 听力
speaking : 说话
grammar : 语法 writing : 写作
reading : 阅读
translation : 译 knowledge +skills

Lesson 1 A private conversation

【New words and expressions】（12）
private adj. 私人的
conversation n. 谈话
theatre n. 剧场，戏院
seat n. 座位
play n. 戏
loudly adv. 大声地
angry adj. 生气的
angrily adv. 生气地
attention n. 注意
bear v. 容忍
business n. 事
rudely adv. 无礼地，粗鲁地

★private adj.私人的
① adj. 私人的
private life 私生活
private school 私立学校
It's my private letter. （如果妈妈想看你的信）
It's my private house. （如果陌生人想进你的房子）
② adj. 普通的
private citizen 普通公民
I’m a private citizen. （citizen n. 公民）
private soldier 大兵
《Private Ryan》（《拯救大兵瑞恩》）

public adj. 公众的，公开的（private的反义词）
public school 公立学校
public letter 公开信
public place 公共场所
privacy n.隐私
It’s privacy. 这是我的隐私!(不愿让别人知道的)
★conversation n.谈话
have a + talk/chat/dialogue/conversation/gossip 名词变动词
conversation 一般用于正式文体中, 内容上往往不正式
subject of conversation 话题
They are having a conversation.
talk 内容可正式可不正式, 也可以私人
Let’s have a talk.
dialogue 对话, 可以指正式国家与国家会谈
China and Korea are having a dialogue.
chat 闲聊，就是北京人说的“侃”，说的是无关紧要的事。
gossip 嚼舌头, 说长道短

★theatre n.剧场, 戏剧
cinema n.电影院

★seat n.座位
have a good seat/place，这里的seat指place(指地点)，而不是chair.
take a seat/take your seat 坐下来, 就坐
Is the seat taken? 这个位置有人吗?
请坐的3种说法 :
Sit down, please. (命令性)
Take your seat, please.
Be seated, please. (更礼貌)

作为动词的seat与sit的区别
sit（sat，sitten） vi. 就座
He is sitting there. 他坐在那儿。
seat vt.让某人就座
seat sb. 让某人就坐，后面会加人
Seat yourself.
You seat him.你给他找个位置.

When all those present(到场者)_D_ he began his lecture.
A. sit B. set C. seated D. were seated
sit down 坐下；be seated=take a seat 就坐
★angry adj. 生气的
★angrily adv. 生气的
angry =cross
I was angry. /He was cross.
annoyed: 恼火的;
be blue in the face 脸上突然变色

程 I was annoyed.
度 I was angry/cross.
加 I was very angry.
深 I am blue in the face. (脸色都青了, 相当生气了)
★attention n. 注意
Attention ,please. 请注意(口语)
pay attention 注意
pay attention to … 对……注意
You must pay attention to that girl.
pay a little attention 稍加注意
pay much attention 多加注意
pay more attention 更多注意
pay no attention 不用注意
pay close attention 特别注意

★bear(bore, born) v. 容忍
① vt. 承受，支撑，承担，负担
Can the ice bear my weight?
Who will bear the cost? 谁来承担这笔费用？
② vt. 忍受（一般与can/could连用于疑问句及否定句中）
She eats too fast. I can’t bear to watch/watching her. 她吃得太快。我看着受不了。
How can you bear living in this place? 你怎么能受得了住在这个地方？
bear =stand =put up with
I can't bear/stand you.
endure:忍受,容忍
put up with :忍受
I got divorced（离婚）.I could not put up with him
bear/stand/endure 忍受的极限在加大

bear n.熊 white bear 白熊
bear hug :热情(热烈)的拥抱
give sb. a bear hug

★business n. 事, 生意
① n. 生意
business man :生意人
do business: 做生意
go to some place on business:因公出差
I went to Tianjin on business.
② n. 某人自己的私人的事情
It's my business. (指私人的事, 自己处理的事)
It's none of your business. 不关你的事。

★rudely adv. 无礼地, 粗鲁地
rude adj. 粗鲁的，无礼的
★pay vt. &vi. 支付
① vt. &vi. 支付（价款等）
Have you paid the taxi-driver?
You can pay a deposit of thirty pounds… 您可以先付30英镑的定金……
I’ll pay by instalments.
I paid 50 dollars for this skirt. （pay…for sth. 花/支付……（钱）买……）
② vt. &vi. 给予（注意等）；去（访问）
They did not pay any attention.
We paid a visit to our teacher last Sunday. 上星期天我们去拜访了老师。
③ n. 工资，报酬
I have not received my pay yet. 我还没有领到工资。

【Text】
Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. "I can't hear a word!" I said angrily.
"It's none of your business," the young man said rudely. "This is a private conversation!"

参考译文：
上星期我去看戏. 我的座位很好, 戏很有意思, 但我却无法欣赏. 一青年男子与一青年女子坐在我的身后, 大声地说着话. 我非常生气, 因为我听不见演员在说什么. 我回过头去怒视着那一男一女, 他们却毫不理会. 最后, 我忍不住了, 又一次回过头去, 生气地说 : “我一个字也听不见了!”
“不关你的事, “那男的毫不客气地说, “这是私人间的谈话!”

【课文讲解】
1、Last week I went to the theatre.
动词go的原义是离开一个地方去另一个地方，与介词to连用后，常加上主语所要去的目的来代表主语的动作目的。
go to the +地点 表示去某地干嘛
go to the theatre = go to the theatre to see a play去剧场看戏
go to the cinema =see a film 去电影院看电影
go to the dairy 去牛奶店
go to the + 人 + 's 表示去这个人开的店
go to the doctor's 去看病；go to the butcher's 买肉

以下短语中名词前不加冠词：
go to school 去上学；go to church 去做礼拜；go to hospital(医院) 去看病；go to bed 上床，睡觉；go home（跟home相连一定表示没有事情可做,回家休息）
I am at home. 在家休息

2、I had a very good seat.
seat一般指戏院、汽车等配置的固定座位，也可以抽象地表示“座位”或“位子”等概念。
the front seat of a car 汽车的前座
Take a seat, please. 请坐。
3、I did not enjoy it.
enjoy vt. 欣赏，享受，喜爱
① enjoy +n. 喜欢,从当中得到一种享受（后面不能跟人）
I enjoy the music.
enjoy the dinner/film/program/game
② enjoy oneself/代词 玩的开心
We always enjoy ourselves.
③ enjoy +动名词
Jane doesn’t enjoy swimming. She enjoys going to the theatre.

4、I got very angry.
get在这里有“逐渐变得”的含义，接近become，是个表示过程的动词，表示状态的变化。而I was very angry则仅表示当时的状态是生气，并不暗示过程。
I am/was angry. 是一个事实
I got angry. 强调变化过程
It is hot.
It got hot.
got取代be动词，got是一个半联系动词,可以直接加形容词。

5、I could not hear the actors. I turned round.
hear+人:听见某人的话
I could not hear you. Beg your pardon?
I couldn't hear you./I couldn't hear a word./I couldn't catch your words.
I couldn't hear you clearly./I couldn't catch your words.
Beg your pardon? /I couldn't catch your words.
turn round =turn around 转身

6、In the end, I could not bear it.
in the end 最后，终于，表示一段较长的时间之后或某种努力之后
She tried hard to finish her homework by herself. In the end, she had to ask her brother for help.
I could not bear it/you/the noise.

7、I can't hear a word!
I can't hear a word.
美音:肯定I can [kAn] 否定,I can't[kAnt]/,它的/t/是吞进去的, 在读音上很难区别, 只能根据上下文来定
hear a word of sb. （a word 等于一句话）
He didn't say a word.
May I speak to Jim?/May I have a word with Jim?

8、It's none of your business.
one’s business 指某人（所关心的或份内）的事
It's none of your business./None of your business./It's my business. 不关你的事。
It is my business to look after your health. 我必须照顾你的身体健康。
none相当于not any或no one，但语气较强。
She kept none of his letters. 他的信件她一封也没有保留。
none of 这个短语有时可以表达一种断然、甚至粗暴的口气，尤其是在祈使句中：
None of your silly remarks! 别说傻话了！

【Key structures】　
简单陈述句的语序
陈述句一定是有主语,有动词,有宾语,有句号
6 1 2 3 4 5 6
when? Who? Action Who? How? Where? When?
Which? Which?
What? What?
1 ---主语，一般由名词、代词或名词短语构成，通常位于动词之前，动词必须与主语一致，即主语决定动词的单复数形式
2 ---谓语，由动词充当
3 ---宾语，一般为名词、代词或名词短语
4 ---副词或介词短语,对方式或状态提问,往往做状语 I like her very much
5 ---地点状语，一般在方式副词之后，时间副词之前
6 ---时间状语，可以放在句首或句末
简单陈述句一定不能少的是主语, 谓语.
如果问何时何地,是一个固定搭配 when and where

【Multiple choice questions】
1 The writer turned round. He looked at the man and the woman angrily ___b___ .
a. and they stopped talking b. but they didn't stop talking
c. but they didn't notice him d. but they looked at him rudely
"They did not pay any attention." 不是没看见，只是思想上没在意
pay attention: 从思想上注意、在意，如交通安全应注意.
notice: 眼睛上注意(=see 眼睛看)
I notice her.
4 The young man and young woman were sitting behind him. He was sitting ___d___ them.
a. before b. above c. ahead of d. in front of
behind: 在……后面
in front of 在……前面 (相对静止的概念)
before 在……前面 (后面加词或句子，一般和时间相连)
He arrived before six o'clock.
before he came back
above 在……上面
ahead of 在……前面 (+时间、位置)(动态的行为)
ahead of time
He goes ahead of me.

5 ___c___ did the writer feel? Angry.
a. Where b. Why c. How d. When
特殊疑问词对后面的答案提问
how(adv.)——对一个方式、状态提问，对形容词、副词、介词短语提问

7 The young man and the young woman paid ___d___ attention to the writer.
a. none b. any c. not any d. no
any ——用在否定句和疑问句中
some——用在肯定句中
none——代词，没有任何东西、没有任何人
None knows./None of us knows.
not——否定词,要放在非实义动词后面
not any=no
He didn't pay attention.
no——形容词、修饰名词
I don't have any friends./I have no friends.
I have no time./I don't have any time.

11 The writer could not bear it. He could not ___c___ it.
a. carry b. suffer c. stand d. lift
bear 忍受=stand
suffer 遭受,忍受 (精神或肉体上)痛苦，suffer后面必须加一种痛苦
I suffer the headache.（肉体上的痛苦）
He often suffers defeat.（精神上的痛苦）（defeat n. 失败）

Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch?

【New words and expressions】（5）
until prep. 直到
outside adv. 外面
ring v. （铃、电话等）响（rang, rung）
aunt n. 姑，姨，婶，舅母
repeat v. 重复

★until prep.直到
until用于表示动作、状态等的持续，可译为“一直到……为止”或“在……以前”。在肯定句中，它与表示持续性状态的动词连用，表示持续到某一时刻：
I’ll wait here until 5. 我会在这里等到5点钟。
His father was alive until he came back. 直到他回来为止,他爸爸都是活着的.
在否定句中，它通常与描述短暂动作的动词连用，表示“到……为止”、“直到……才”：
She cannot arrive until 6. 她到6点才能来。
His father didn't die until he came back. 直到他回来,他爸爸才死.

until（后的从句）的时间终止之前,这个动作做了还是没做？做了前面的主句用肯定；没做前面的主句用否定
For he ___A(C)___(wait) until it stopped raining.
A. waited B. didn't wait
A. leave B. left C. didn't leave
I stay in bed until twelve o'clock.
I didn't get up until 12 o'clock.
★outside adv. 外面（作状语）
He is waiting for me outside.
It is cold outside.

★ring(rang. rung) v.(铃、电话等)响
① vt. 鸣，(铃、电话等)响(这种响是刺耳的, 往往是提醒人做某事)
Every morning the clock rings at 6.
The telephone(door bell) is ringing.
而风铃等响要用jingle，jingle (bell) (铃儿) 响叮当
② vt. 打电话给（美语中用call）
ring sb. 给某人打电话
Tomorrow I'll ring you.
③ n. （打）电话
give sb. a ring
Remember to give me a ring. /Remember to ring me.
④ n. 戒指

★aunt n. 姑,姨,婶,舅妈(所有长一辈的女性都用这个称呼)
男性则是uncle: 叔叔
他们的孩子：cousin 堂兄妹(不分男女)
cousin的孩子：nephew 外甥；niece 外甥女

★repeat v. 重复
① vt. 重复
Will you repeat the last word?
They are repeating that wonderful paly.
② vi. 重做，重说
Please repeat after me.
Don’t repeat.

【Text】
It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime. Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. 'What a day!' I thought. 'It's raining again.' Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. 'I've just arrived by train,' she said. 'I'm coming to see you.'
'But I'm still having breakfast,' I said.
'What are you doing?' she asked.
'I'm having breakfast,' I repeated.
'Dear me,' she said. 'Do you always get up so late? It's one o'clock!'

参考译文：
那是个星期天, 而在星期天我是从来不早起的, 有时我要一直躺到吃午饭的时候. 上个星期天, 我起得很晚. 我望望窗外, 外面一片昏暗. “鬼天气!” 我想, “又下雨了. “正在这时, 电话铃响了. 是我姑母露西打来的. “我刚下火车, “她说, “我这就来看你. “
“但我还在吃早饭, “我说.
“你在干什么?” 她问道.
“我正在吃早饭, “我又说了一遍.
“天啊, “她说, “你总是起得这么晚吗?现在已经1点钟了!”

【课文讲解】
1、It was Sunday.
it指时间、天气、温度或距离，it被称为“虚主语”（empty subject）。作为第三人称单数的中性代词，it可以指一件东西、一件事件或用来指是什么人：
It is a lovely baby.

2、I never get up early on Sundays.
on Sundays: 所有的星期天,每逢星期天,与一般现在时连用，表示经常性的行为。
介词on一般用于表示某一天的时间短语中：on Monday，on Monday morning，on that day
当使用last，next，this，that时，介词（以及定冠词）必须省略：
I’ll see you next/this Friday.

never 从来不 (可以直接用在动词前面)=助动词+not (变成否定句,前面一定要加助动词)
I don't like her.=I never like her.

3、I sometimes stay in bed until lunchtime.
在表达卧床时bed前不需加冠词：
It’s time for bed now.
You must stay/remain in bed for another two days. 你必须再卧床两天。

4、Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy.
just then: 就在那时
如果不知道对方性别, 他/她可以用it取代
Who are you?/Who is it ?

5、I've just arrived by train,
by 直接加交通工具(不能有任何修饰词, 复数)；如果加修饰词, 就要换掉by用in或on
I go out by bus.
I go out in/on two buses. （指具体的两辆车介词用in/on）
Long ago people could go to America only by ship/sea.
如果是特指的交通工具，则要加冠词或其他限定词：
My aunt left by the 9:15 train.

by air 乘飞机 by bicycle/bike 骑自行车
by boat 乘船 by bus 乘公共汽车
by car 乘小汽车 by land 由陆路
by plane 乘飞机 by sea 由海路
by ship 乘船 by train 乘火车

6、I'm coming to see you. 我将要来看你.
用 come 的现在进行时态 be coming 表示一般将来，表示近期按计划或安排要进行的动作。同样用法的动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，land，meet，die，start，return，join…

7、Dear me!
天哪!英国人说Dear me!或My dear!
美国人说 : My god! [^Cd] ([C]发啊的音)注意美英的发音不同.

【Key structures】　
现在进行时和一般现在时
现在进行时表示说话的当时正在发生或正在发生的事件,也用来表示现阶段(一段时间)的动向。现在进行时常与now，just，still等副词连用：
I am working as a teacher. "现阶段"
He is still sleeping. （现在还在睡觉）
Jane is just dressing up. 简正在打扮。
一般现在时表示习惯性动作, 真理, 是过去、现在和未来都会发生的事情。一般现在时一般与频率副词often，always，sometimes，never，frequently，rarely，ever等连用。
Helen never writes to her brother Tony. She sometimes rings him.
频率副词往往放在句子中的实义动词前, 非实义动词后；如果既有实义动词又有非实义动词, 要放在两个之间；疑问句中副词往往放在主语后面。在否定句中not必须放在always之前，而且也出现在generally、normally、often、regularly和usually之前；not必须出现在sometimes和frequently之后。表示肯定的速记可以用在句尾；在特别强调和需要对比时，frequently、generally、normally、sometimes、usually等副词可用于句首。
I get paid on Friday usually.
Very often the phone rings when I’m in bath.
非实义动词 :
① 系动词(be)
② 帮助动词构成时态的助动词(do, does, will, shall, have, had, has)
③ 情态动词(must, can, may) 除此之外都是实义动词.

I frequently go to bed hungry. （形容词作状语）
He went to school hungry.饿着肚子上学.
You must come here hungry.空腹来这里.

【Special Difficulties】
以what开头的感叹句：
在英语中可用what引导的感叹句来表示惊奇、愤怒、赞赏、喜悦等感情，在感叹中主谓语采用正常语序。
What 对名词感叹，感叹句的结构为：What +a/an (+adj.)+n.(+主语+谓语)!
What a good girl (she is)! （主、谓可省）
有上下文和一定的语境, 才能省略形容词。一般省略形容词表示批评或不大好的意思。
What a thing to say! 多么难听的话啊！
What (a lot of) trouble( he is causing)!

【Multiple choice questions】
5.He doesn't get up early on Sundays. He gets up ___a___ .
a. late  b. lately c. slowly d. hardly
late <adj.& adv.> 晚的
lately <adv.> =recently <adv.>最近的, 近来的.
How are you going lately? 最近一段时间身体还好吗?

8  He ___a___ out of the window and saw that it was raining.
a. looked b. saw c. remarked  d. watched
look <vi.> 表示看的动作，后面一定要加介词
see <vt.> 表示看的结果，后面直接加宾语
watch <vt.> 表示观看，后面直接加宾语, 但宾语一定是能够活动的东西
look at pictures (对)；watch pictures(错)

11  Breakfast is the first ___d___ of the day.
a. food b. dinner c. lunch d. meal
lunch 中餐 food 食物
dinner 正餐
一天中最丰盛的那顿饭, 可能是中餐, 也可能是晚餐, 但决不会是早餐.
meal 一顿饭

Lesson 3 Please Send Me a Card

【New words and expressions】（11）
send v. 寄，送
postcard n. 明信片
spoil v. 使索然无味，损坏
museum n. 博物馆
public adj. 公共的
friendly adj. 友好的
waiter n. 服务员，招待员
lend v. 借给
decision n. 决定
whole adj. 整个的
single adj. 唯一的，单一的

★send v. 寄, 送
send a letter 寄信
send sth. to sb. /send sb. sth. 给某人送（寄）什么东西
send/take children to school：take强调某人亲自送；send则是通过第三人去送, 如美国的校车
take flowers to his wife 自己送
send flowers to his wife 叫店里的人送

★postcard n. 明信片
两个爆破音在一起，前者失去爆破音。这里/t/和/k/前者失去爆破音
name card /visiting card 名片
Here is my name card. (口语常用, 同时伴随着递出的动作)
ID card 身份证 （ID 身份）
credit card 信用卡
cash card 现金卡, 储蓄卡, 工资卡(不能透支的那种)

★spoil(spoiled，spoilt) v. 使索然无味, 损坏
① vt. 弄坏，损坏，糟蹋
The sad news spoiled our weekend. 这不幸的消息使我们没能过好周末。
The rain spoiled the school sports. 这场雨把学校运动会弄得一团糟。
This spoiled my day.
What you said spoiled me.
His arrival spoiled my holiday.
② vt. 宠坏，惯坏，溺爱
Don’t spoil your children. 不能太惯孩子。
His parents spoiled the boy.

spoil: 把东西的质量变得不好; 生活中不顺心的事;宠坏