医学英语词根词缀大全.doc

医学英语词根词缀
Suffix
Meaning
Example
-ac
pertaining to
属于，关于
cardiac: pertaining to the heart
心脏（病）的
-al
pertaining to
medical: pertaining to medicine
-ar
pertaining to
molecular: pertaining to a molecule
分子的
-ary
pertaining to
belonging to
ciliary: pertaining to the cilia
睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的
-ase
enzyme 酶
amylase: any enzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶
-cle
smallness
小,少,贫乏,小气
follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac
小囊,(头发的)毛囊
-e
an instrument 仪器
auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜
-eal
pertaining to
laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx
喉的, 喉音的
-ia
condition; quality
phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕
-ic
pertaining to
toxic: pertaining to toxin
有毒的；因中毒引起的
-ics
study of; name of a science
paediatrics: study of children, their development and diseases 儿科学
-ine/in
substance 物质
insulin：substance (hormone) produced by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas
胰岛素
-ism
process or condition
alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol which becomes addictive 酒精中毒
-ist
one who specializes in
精通于……的人
pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes in the study of drugs 药理专家
-itis
inflammation refers to a part in
……部位的炎症
rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages
鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎
-(i)um
relation to a whole; related to
与……相关
endometrium: inner lining of the uter子宫内膜
-ive
characterizes by
antitussive: a drug that suppresses coughing
止咳药
-let
tiny; small
droplet: a tiny drop 小滴
-ment
the result or product of an action
development: thing which develops or is being developed; action of becoming mature
-oid
resembling; like
像
mucoid: resembling mucus
粘液样的
-ole
little; small
centriole: the small dense structure in the middle of the centrosome
细胞中心粒；中心体
-oma
tumor; swelling refers to a doer
dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin
皮肤纤维瘤
-or/-er
either a person or thing
receptor: a sensory nerve ending that responds to various stimuli感受器，受体
-ory
characterized by; pertaining to
suspensory: which is hanging down
悬吊式，悬带
-ose
sugar
fructose: fruits sugar found in honey and some fruit 果糖
-osis
abnormal condition
onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of a hidden nail 嵌甲
-ous
pertaining to
poisonous: pertaining to poison; also containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的
-somes
bodies
ribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体
-um
structure; thing; substance
结构，物质
magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属元素）
-y
condition; act; process
dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism 营养不良
The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes
Suffix
Meaning
Example
-algia
pain; painful; condition
arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛
--ase
enzyme
protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶
-blast
embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎
hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞
-carcinoma
malignant tumor developing from connective tissue 相关组织的恶性肿瘤
adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺癌
-cele
protrusion; distention突出；膨胀，延伸
esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出
-centesis
surgical puncture 手术穿孔
paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术
-capnia
carbon dioxide 二氧化碳
acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide 血液二氧化碳缺乏
-cide
kill
germicide: (substance) which can kill germs
杀菌剂
-clast
cell
phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood cell, which can surround and destroy other cells 噬菌细胞
-dynia
pain
glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛
-ectasia/
-ectasis
expansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张)
atelectasis: incomplete expansion of the lungs at birth 肺不张
-ectomy
surgical excision or removal of
gastrectomy: surgical removal of the stomach胃切除术
-edema
excessive accumulation of serous fluid 水肿
myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿
-emia
blood condition
leukemia: any of several malignant diseases where an abnormal number of leucocytes form in the blood 白血病
-emesis
vomiting 呕吐
hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血
-gen
something that produced or prouduces
pathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体
-genesis
production 生产
spermatogenesis: formation and development of spermatozoa in the testes精子发生
-globin
protein蛋白质
hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein produced by erythrocytes 血红素
-gnosis
knowledge
diagnosis: the process of identifying the nature or presence of a disease through knowledge and examination
-gram
image; picture
electrocardiogram: a graphic record of the electrical activity of heart muscle or heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart disease.
Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram
心电图
-graph(y)
process of recording
记录过程
electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录
-iasis
condition; state
情况，状况
cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症
-iatry/
-iatrics
healing, frequently refers to a branch of medicine 康复，常指医学的一个分支
podiatry: treatment of foot disorders
足部医疗
-lith
stone
cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in the gallbladder 胆结石
-logy
the study of
cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学
-logist
one who studies and treats
urologist: a physician who specializes in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生
-lysis
breakdown, destruction
hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血
-malacia
softening
osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化
-mania
extreme compulsion or preoccupation强迫症
kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖
-megaly
giant
acromegaly: a condition in which there is an enlargement of the facial bones as well as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症
-metry/
-meter
measurement
spirometry: measurement of the volume of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity of the lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)
-odynia
pain
cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛
-one
hormone荷尔蒙，激素
parathormone: which regulates calcium balance among the blood, bones, and teeth甲状旁腺激素
-opia
a defect in the eye眼睛的毛病
myopia: being short-sighted 近视
-opsy
to view
biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic diagnosis活检
-osis
morbid condition病态的
sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症
-osmia
smell
anosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失
-ostomy
process of making an opening into or a connection between
造瘘
gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口术
-oxia
level of oxygen氧水平
hypoxia: a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues组织缺氧
-pathy
disease; diseased condition
ophthalmopathy: any eye disease眼病
-penia
deficiency
leukopenia: deficiency of leukocytes in the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia白细胞减少症
-pepsia
digestion
eupepsia: good digestion 消化良好
--pexy
a fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 缝合固定
hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver肝固定术
-phagia/phagy
eating; swallowing 吃，吞咽
dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing吞咽困难
-phil
attraction吸引，具有吸引力的事物
basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood cell which contains granules嗜碱性粒细胞
-phobia
fear
xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers对外国人的恐惧，憎恶
-plasia
formation; development
hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement of an organ or tissue增生，数量型肥大
-phonia
voice
dysphonia: difficulty in speaking发声困难
-plasm
formation; growth or substance of formation
cytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell细胞浆
-plasty
surgical repair
osteoplasty: surgical repair of the bone骨整形术，骨成形术
--plegia
stroke; paralysis 中风
thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke热射病
-pnea
breathing
eupnea: normal breathing呼吸正常，平静呼吸
--ptosis
a falling, the dropping or sagging of an organ器官下移
hepatoptosis: abnormally low position of the liver肝下垂
-ptysis
spitting分散
melanoptysis: spitting of the spleen黑色痰液;咳黑痰
-poiesis
production
hemopoiesis: production of blood cells 造血作用，生血作用
-rrhage/
-rrhagia
bursting forth of blood 出血
menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during menstruation 月经过多
-rrhaphy
surgical sewing or suturing
splenorrhaphy: suture of the spleen脾修补术
-rrhea
overflow
hydrorrhea: watery discharge液溢
-(o)rrhexis
splitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝气
amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac
羊膜破裂
-sarcoma
malignant tumor developing from connective tissue
liposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat
脂肪肉瘤
-schesis
a holding back; suppression of discharge阻碍；抑制排放
uroschesis: suppression of urine闭尿，尿潴留
-sclerosis
a hardening
dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病
-scope
instrument for viewing
stethoscope: an instrument for performing medicate ausculation听诊器
-scopy
process of examining visually
hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查
-spasm
involuntary contraction
angiospasm: sudden contraction of the muscles in a blood vessel血管痉挛
-stasis
suppression; stoppage; control; arrest抑制，中止
hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding
止血，止血法
-stenosis
abnormal narrowing of a duct or canal管、道德异常狭窄
laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄
-stomy
surgical opening to the outside of the body造口
colostomy: surgical operation to make an opening from the colon结肠造口术
-tention
pressure
hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压
-therapy
treatment
physiotherapy: treatment of disease by physical means物理疗法
--tion
process
hospitalization: the process of being hosipitalized住院
-tocia
labor; birth 生产
embryotocia: abortion 流产
-tome
tool for incision
arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint关节刀
-tomy
process of cutting into
gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术
-tropia
turning 转弯，变向
esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视
-trophy
nourishment or development of an organ器官的营养、发育
dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism营养不良
-uria
a condition of the urine（小便）
dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难
-version
turning
eversion: a turning outward外翻，翻转
Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes
Prefix
Meaning
Example
a-/an-
without; not
aphasia: the inability to understand written or spoken words or to speak meaningfully失语症
ab-
away from
abortion: expulsion from the uterus流产
ad-
to; toward; near
adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的
acro-
a point or tip
acronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲
alb-
white
albino: a person lacking normal pigmentation白发病者
amb-/
ambi-
both
ambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexually attracted to both males and famales 双性恋
amphi-/
ampho-
both; both sides
amphicentric: beginning and ending in the same vessel起止同源的血管
ana-
up; back again
anabolism: process of building up complex chemical substances on the basis of simpler ones 合成代谢
Angio-
a blood vessel
angioma: benign tumor formed of blood vessel血管瘤
ante-
before
antenatal: during the period between conception and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的
anti-
against
antidepressant: (drug) used to treat depression抗抑郁剂
audi-
hearing; sound
audiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定
auto-
self
autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the body’s own cells自身抗体
bi-
two; twice
bicellular: two cells两室的
bio-
living organisms生命体
biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学
brady-
slow
bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction, shown by a slow pulse rate心动过缓
carcin-
carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤
carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物
cata-
downwards; under; against;
along with
cataract: condition where the lens of the eye gradually becomes hard and opaque白内障
centi-
one hundredth百分之一
centimeter: unit of measurement of length(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米
co(n)-
with or together
consanguineous: blood relationship血亲的，血缘的，密切的
contra-
against
contraception: prevention of pregnancy by using devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法
de-
removal or loss
decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine removed 脱去咖啡因的
deca-
ten
decagram: ten grams 十克
deci-
tenth
deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升
di-
two
diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言
dia-
through; between; apart; across
diathermy: process of (treating) through heat
透热疗法
dis-
reversal or separate
disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂
dys-
bad; difficult; disordered
dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation of a joint关节变形
echo-
sound
echocardiography: ultrasonography of the heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术
ect-/
ecto-
outside or outer
ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤
en-
in; within
enostosis: benign growth inside a bone内生骨疣
endo-
inside
endocardium: membrane which lines the heart心内膜
epi-
on; over
epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮
ery-
red
erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red blood cell红细胞
eso-
inward; within(向内)
esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视
eu-
good
eugenics: study of how to improve the human race by genetic selection优生学
ex-/ exo-
out of
exhale: to breath out 呼出
extra-
outside
extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的
hemi-
half
hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one side of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂
hydro-
water
hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found in a cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水
hyper-
higher or too much
hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the blood高血糖症
hypo-
less or too little
hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in the blood 低血钾
in-
in or into
inbreeding: breeding between a closely related male and female 近亲交配
in-
not
incoherent: not able to speak in a way which makes sense语无伦次
infra-
below or beneath
infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髌
inter-
between
interlobular: between lobules小叶间的
intra-
inside
intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or spinal cord 髓内
itro-
into
introvert: person who thinks only about himself and his own mental state性格内向的人
mal-
bad or abnormal
malfunction: abnormal working of an argan机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障
meta-
changes
metaplasia: change of one tissue to another
化生，转化，组织变形
micro-
very small
microcyte: abnormally small red blood cell小红细胞
mid-
middle
midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal bones腕骨间的
milli-
one thousandth
milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克
mis-
error or wrong
miscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产
multi-
many
multigravida: a woman who is pregnant and has been pregnant at least twice before 经产孕妇
noct-
at night
nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity of urine when asleep in bed at night夜尿症
nona-
nine or the nineth
nonagon: flat shape which has nine sides九边形
octa-
eight
octan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日发一次的
odont-
teeth
odontology: study of teeth and associated structures, and their disorders
onco-
tumours
oncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学
oro-
mouth
orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and tongue口与舌的
pachy-
thickening
pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚
pali-/
palin-
against; pathologic repetition病态的重复
palindromic: (disease) which recurs
复发的，再发的
pan-/pant-/
panto-
all
pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all the cellular elements of the blodd全血细胞减少症
para-
similar to or near; changed or beyond
paralyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that they cannot function使麻痹，使瘫痪
pen-/
penta-
five
pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urine
戊糖尿
per-
through
percutaneou