第11课易货贸易仍在使用外刊经贸知识选读-每课重要知识点-串讲-课文翻译.doc
《第11课易货贸易仍在使用外刊经贸知识选读-每课重要知识点-串讲-课文翻译.doc》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《第11课易货贸易仍在使用外刊经贸知识选读-每课重要知识点-串讲-课文翻译.doc(9页珍藏版)》请在咨信网上搜索。
1、第11课 易货贸易仍在使用The Comeback of International Barter国际易货贸易的回潮一、(Excerpts)(摘录)It is a primitive, inefficient and expensive way of doing businessbut the massive debts of developing and the worlds oversupply of goods make it inescapable.它是一种原始、低效且昂贵的贸易方式,但发展中国家的巨额债务和全球过剩的供给,使它不可避免地存在着。In 1983 the Saudi Ar
2、abian government decided to purchase ten Boeing 747-300s powered by 40 Rolls-Royce jet engines. But faced with declining revenues due to a worldwide surplus of oil, it was reluctant to pay $1 billion in cash. Instead, it offered crude oil. Neither the American aircraft manufacturer nor the British e
3、ngine-maker wanted all that oil. But opportunities for such a big sale are rare. So the companies have arranged for an international financial institution to sell the Saudi crude on world markets. Boeing and Rolls-Royce will be paid in cash from the proceeds, and Saudi Arabia will get its aircraft w
4、ithout dipping into its currency reserves.1983 年,沙特阿拉伯政府决定购买 10 架波音 747-300 飞机,并且由 40 架罗尔斯罗伊斯公司的引擎提供动力。但是面对全球石油过剩造成的收入下降,沙特政府不愿意支付 10 亿美元的现金。取而代之,沙特提出要用原油来支付。美国飞机制造商和英国引擎制造商都不想收下全部的原油。然而,像这样大笔买卖的机会是少有的。于是他们安排了一家国际金融机构在世界市场上销售沙特的原油。波音和罗尔斯公司将从售油收人中获取现金,而沙特也将得到飞机而不至动用自己的货币储备。To secure sales of its F-5
5、jet fighter to the Swiss government, the Northrop Corporation of the United States agreed to help the Swiss expand export markets for $200 million worth of goods. Northrop located a purchaser for Swiss elevators in Egypt, and steered the Swiss to a cement plant construction project in Indonesia. Ove
6、r five years some 200 Swiss companies benefited from Northrops assistance.为了把自己的F-5喷气式战斗机卖给瑞士政府,美国诺思罗普公司同意帮助瑞士扩展价值2亿美元的出口市场。他们在埃及为瑞士电梯找到了一个买主,又在印度尼西亚指导瑞士从事一个水泥厂的建设。5年间,大约有200家瑞士公司受益于诺思罗普公司的援助。In a hot contest the United States General Electric Trading Co. won a contract for a $ 150 million turbine p
7、roject in Romanialargely because in agreed to receive and market Romanian products of equivalent value. General Electric was able to use some Romanian steel products, and developed marketing programs to sell additional materials to the Middle and Far East.在一场激烈的竞争中,美国通用电器贸易公司赢得了罗马尼亚的一项价值1亿5千万美元的涡轮机工
8、程合同主要因为通用同意接受并销售罗马尼亚等价值的产品。通用电器公司可以使用一些罗马尼亚的钢铁制品,并且开发一些营销计划把多余的材料销往中东和远东。Economists at the U.S. Department of Commerce estimate that up to 20 per cent of trade between nations is now subject to some form of countertradean outgrowth of the ancient practice of barter.美国商业部的经济学家估计,目前高达20的国家间贸易要遭遇某种形式的对
9、等贸易古代以货易货的一种发展。Barter endured for thousands of years as the primary means of trade. Colonial powers forced bilateral barter upon their client states, making the colonies take expensive manufactured goods in return for bargain-price raw materials, and prohibiting them from trading with other nations.
10、 International trade was supposed to be freed from barterings constraints in July 1944, when diplomats and economists attending the United Nations Monetary and Financial Conference at Bretton Woods, New Hampshire, hammered out agreements that led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund (I
11、MF) and regulation of the worldwide currency exchange system.Kantor周一对欧洲政府采购案迅速做出回应,这显示了信任政府的耐心可能会小于前任政府。Commerce among nations a modern era; the constrained trading between imperial powers and their colonies began to break down.World markets opened to all countries, and multilateral trade flourishe
12、d.Generally a country could sell its goods in the best market it could find, and buy what is needed from the least expensive supplier.Moreover, since currencies were convertible, most transactions could be completed with cash.Barter was as antiquated as the horse-soldier.Or so it seemed.从此,国家间贸易进入了现
13、代时期;帝国主义列强和其殖民地国家间的强制性贸易开始瓦解崩溃。世界市场向所有国家开放,多边贸易繁荣兴旺起来。通常一个国家可以把自己的商品出售给能够找到的最好的市场,并且从最便宜的供应商处购进自己需要的东西。此外,因为货币可以兑换,大多数的交易可以用现金完成。易货贸易变得像骑兵一样古老。或许,好象如此。During the past few years, however, the international monetary system has begun to strain under a variety of economic changes.One important cause is
14、the enormous burden of debt carried by Third World countries, today estimated at $ 800 billion.“The plain fact is that many countries are broken,” say David Yoffie, assistant professor at Harvard Universitys Graduate School of Business Administration.然而,在过去的几年里,国际货币制度开始在各种经济变革中承受巨大压力。一个重要原因是第三世界国家承担
15、的巨额债务,据估计目前有8千亿美元。哈佛大学工商管理研究生院的副教授大卫约非说:“显而易见,许多国家都要破产了。”Nations with serious debt problems, such as Mexico, Brazil and Argentina, have been compelled to devote almost all their export earnings to debt service, leaving themselves with virtually no surplus to pay for imports.With barter, however, deb
16、tor nations can continue to import goods while, in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.像墨西哥、巴西、阿根廷这样有严重负债问题的国家都已被迫把自己几乎所有的出口收入用来支付欠款利息,实际上没有给自己留下剩余资金支付进口物品。然而,通过易货贸易,负债国可以继续进口货物,同时把自己的出口所得隐藏起来,不让债权国知道。But countertrade is not the exclusive province of debtor nations.Says Yoffie, “Even c
17、ountries with strong foreign exchange positions, such as Australia, Canada and Indonesia, are insisting on countertrade in certain areas.Linking imports and exports is a way to exert power over multinational corporations.Countries that lack expertise in international marketing try to use countertrad
18、e as leverage to tap the networks of global firms.”但是,对等贸易并不是债务国所独有的。约非说:“即使像澳大利亚、加拿大和印度尼西亚这样外汇地位强健的国家也坚持在某些领域从事对等贸易。把进口和出口联系起来是一种对跨国公司施加权力的途径。缺乏国际营销专业知识的国家试图用对等贸易作为杠杆来推动跨国公司的内部市场网络。”Nations also use countertrade as a camouflaged means of subsidizing exports.For instance, if a Middle Eastern country
19、 wanted to increase its oil exports, says Yoffie, it could simply lower its price.Such a move would, however, weaken the cartel.But if a country sells its oil at the OPEC list price, and in an interconnected deal quietly arranges to pay a premium for imported goods, both parties in the transaction b
20、enefitat the expense, of course, of other oil producers.Up to a quarter of all OPEC oil transactions today have some kind of countertrade provisions attached.有些国家还把对等贸易当成补充出口的一种伪装手段。约非说,例如,如果一个中东国家想增加其石油出口,它可以简单地降低油价。然而,这一举动会削弱卡特尔联合企业。但是如果一个国家按欧佩克的挂牌价销售石油,同时在一笔相关交易中,悄悄安排加价购买进口产品,结果交易双方都会从中获益当然,是以牺牲其
21、他石油出产国的利益为代价。现在欧佩克的石油交易中有四分之一都带有某种对等贸易的条款。Barter in its traditional formthe direct exchange of goods of equivalent valueis relatively rare.Its modern variants:传统形式的易货贸易同等价值商品的直接交换,相对罕见。其现代变体有:Counter purchase usually involves a supplier selling goods or services and in return ordering unrelated prod
22、ucts, which essentially offsets the buyers costs.For example, when McDonnell Douglas sold civilian aircraft to Yugoslavia in the 1960s, it agreed to purchase goods from that countryincluding hams that were then served in the companys cafeteriaand to market Yugoslavizn products in the United States.T
23、he firm also encouraged its employees to vacation it Yugoslavia; the tourist dollars spent served to offset the companys countertrade obligations.回购通常指供应商销售货物或服务的同时订购不相关产品作为回报,这样基本上抵消了买方的成本。比如,60年代,麦道公司出售民用飞机给南斯拉夫的时候,同意从南购买货物包括当时供应给自家餐厅的火腿。同时,还同意在美国销售南斯拉夫产品。麦道还鼓励其员工到南度假;旅游者花费的美元用来抵消该公司对等贸易的债务。Compen
24、sation Agreements are often undertaken to win contracts for the construction of manufacturing plants.When Levi Strauss sold a blue jeans factory to Hungary, the American company agreed to market approximately 500,000 jeans per year in East Germany, Poland and Czechoslovakia.补偿贸易协定是指为了赢得建设工厂的合同所签订的协议
- 配套讲稿:
如PPT文件的首页显示word图标,表示该PPT已包含配套word讲稿。双击word图标可打开word文档。
- 特殊限制:
部分文档作品中含有的国旗、国徽等图片,仅作为作品整体效果示例展示,禁止商用。设计者仅对作品中独创性部分享有著作权。
- 关 键 词:
- 11 易货贸易 使用 经贸 知识 选读 重要 知识点 串讲 课文 翻译
1、咨信平台为文档C2C交易模式,即用户上传的文档直接被用户下载,收益归上传人(含作者)所有;本站仅是提供信息存储空间和展示预览,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对上载内容不做任何修改或编辑。所展示的作品文档包括内容和图片全部来源于网络用户和作者上传投稿,我们不确定上传用户享有完全著作权,根据《信息网络传播权保护条例》,如果侵犯了您的版权、权益或隐私,请联系我们,核实后会尽快下架及时删除,并可随时和客服了解处理情况,尊重保护知识产权我们共同努力。
2、文档的总页数、文档格式和文档大小以系统显示为准(内容中显示的页数不一定正确),网站客服只以系统显示的页数、文件格式、文档大小作为仲裁依据,平台无法对文档的真实性、完整性、权威性、准确性、专业性及其观点立场做任何保证或承诺,下载前须认真查看,确认无误后再购买,务必慎重购买;若有违法违纪将进行移交司法处理,若涉侵权平台将进行基本处罚并下架。
3、本站所有内容均由用户上传,付费前请自行鉴别,如您付费,意味着您已接受本站规则且自行承担风险,本站不进行额外附加服务,虚拟产品一经售出概不退款(未进行购买下载可退充值款),文档一经付费(服务费)、不意味着购买了该文档的版权,仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用,不得用于商业用途,未经授权,严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等,侵权必究。
4、如你看到网页展示的文档有www.zixin.com.cn水印,是因预览和防盗链等技术需要对页面进行转换压缩成图而已,我们并不对上传的文档进行任何编辑或修改,文档下载后都不会有水印标识(原文档上传前个别存留的除外),下载后原文更清晰;试题试卷类文档,如果标题没有明确说明有答案则都视为没有答案,请知晓;PPT和DOC文档可被视为“模板”,允许上传人保留章节、目录结构的情况下删减部份的内容;PDF文档不管是原文档转换或图片扫描而得,本站不作要求视为允许,下载前自行私信或留言给上传者【w****g】。
5、本文档所展示的图片、画像、字体、音乐的版权可能需版权方额外授权,请谨慎使用;网站提供的党政主题相关内容(国旗、国徽、党徽--等)目的在于配合国家政策宣传,仅限个人学习分享使用,禁止用于任何广告和商用目的。
6、文档遇到问题,请及时私信或留言给本站上传会员【w****g】,需本站解决可联系【 微信客服】、【 QQ客服】,若有其他问题请点击或扫码反馈【 服务填表】;文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等,请点击“【 版权申诉】”(推荐),意见反馈和侵权处理邮箱:1219186828@qq.com;也可以拔打客服电话:4008-655-100;投诉/维权电话:4009-655-100。