外研版高中英语选修六1-6单元知识点归纳.doc

外研版高中英语选修六 1-6单元知识点归纳
Module 1
【词条1】lack
【点拨】lack动词, 意为"缺乏,没有"。如:
He is good at his job but he seems to lack confidence.
What he lacks in experience he makes up for in enthusiasm.
【拓展】
1. lack的常用短语有:be lacking"欠缺,缺乏"；be lacking in"缺乏(某种品质、特点等)"；lack (for) nothing"应有尽有"。如:
Money for the project is still lacking.
I think the film is lacking in pace.
They have got everything ready and they lack for nothing.
2. lack还可作名词,常与of连用,意为"缺乏,没有"。for lack of "因为缺乏……"。如:
The work had to be stopped for lack of funds.
The flowers withered for lack of water.

【词条2】reply
【点拨】名词,意为"回答,答复",常与介词to 连用。如:
Is it a reply to the first or the second letter?
To my anger, she made no reply to my question.
其常用在短语in reply to中,意为"作为对……的回答,回复"。如:
What did he do in reply to your challenge?
【拓展】reply也可作动词,意为"回答,答复",reply (to ... / that ...) 。如:
The teacher gave me no chance to reply to her question.
Lily replied that she knew nothing about it.

【词条3】apology
【点拨】apology名词,意为"道歉,歉意",常用于短语:offer / make an apology to sb."向某人道歉", accept an apology"接受道歉"。如:
It’s impolite of you to leave without a word of apology.
In my judgment, we should accept their apology.
You’d better make an apology for your absence.
【拓展】其动词形式为apologize,意为"道歉,表示歉意",常用短语为: apologize to sb.(for sth.)"(因某事)向某人道歉"。如:
I must apologize for not being able to meet you that day.
I think Tom might have apologized to Jane for what he did.

经典短语透视
【短语1】think of
【点拨】think of可意为"想起,想出"。如:
The photo made me think of my child-hood.
It was Tom who thought of the good plan.
【拓展】think的其他常用短语:
1. think highly / much of 重视,高度赞扬。如:
All the teachers think highly of John because he is very smart and kind.
2. think about 考虑。如:
I was thinking about something else and missed your words.
3. think over 仔细考虑。如:
Please think the plan over and let me know your decision tomorrow.

【短语2】in addition
【点拨】in addition意为"另外,此外"。如:
I write my own songs and I play the guitar in addition.
You need money and time. In addition, you need diligence.
【拓展】in addition to 除……之外(还有),to为介词,后接名词或动词-ing形式。如:
His brother can speak three foreign languages in addition to English.
besides也意为"除……之外(还有)"。如:
The play was badly acted, besides being far too long.

【短语3】leave out
【点拨】leave out意为"省去,删去"。如:
In Western countries, people usually leave out No. 13 as the number is thought unlucky.

You can leave out the unnecessary words when writing down the notes.
【拓展】
1. leave out还可意为"漏掉,遗漏"。如:
Decide with you partner which words have been left out.
2. 与leave相关的常用短语:leave behind遗留,留下
It left behind a long train of problems and difficulties.
leave over剩余,暂不解决
We shall have to leave the question over till the next meeting.
leave alone别管,不理会
If I were you, I’d leave this question alone.

【短语4】show off
【点拨】show off意为"炫耀"。如:
Those boys always show off their sports skills to the girls.
His brother likes to show off his knowledge in public.
【拓展】与show相关的常用短语:
show sb. around领某人参观
The headmaster showed us around the school.
show up出席,到场
The party is about to begin, but Mr. Wang hasn’t shown up.

热点语法聚焦

didn’t need to do和needn’t have done都有"过去不必做某事"的意思,但是didn’t need to表示"过去没有必要做某事,事实上也没做"；needn’t have done表示"过去本来不必做某事,实际上却做了"。如:
I didn’t need to take a taxi from the air-port —there was a bus all the way into the city.
I needn’t have booked in advance; there were plenty of tickets left.
此外,要注意need的其它用法:
need可作实义动词,也可作情态动词。
1. 作实义动词时, need有人称和数的变化,后可以接名词、代词、动词不定式和动名词等,否定式要在前面加don’t (doesn’t, didn’t),疑问句用do (does, did) 提问。如:
The company needs some good salesmen.
His broken car needs to be repaired. = His broken car needs repairing.
2. 作情态动词时,need没有人称和数的变化,后接动词原形,否定式为needn’t,常用在否定句和疑问句中。如:
You needn’t worry about him. He is very mature now.
—Need I stay another day?
—Yes, you must.

Module 2
【词条1】behave
【点拨】behave 用作不及物动词,意为"(举止或行为)表现"。如:
She has been behaving very politely.
另外,behave还可意为"举止得体；守规矩",常和反身代词连用。如:
Can’t you make your little child behave himself?
【拓展】well- / ill- / badly-behaved adj.表现得好的/不好的；behavior n.行为,举止如:
He is thought to be a well-behaved child.
She was ashamed of her children’s bad behavior.

【词条2】appeal
【点拨】appeal可用作名词,意为"吸引力,感染力"。如:
Films of this sort have lost their appeal for me.
【拓展】
1. appeal用作名词时,还可意为"呼吁,请求"。如:
His appeal for forgiveness went unanswered.
An appeal is being made for help for those who lost their homes in the earthquake.
2. appeal还可用作动词, 意为"引起兴趣；呼吁,请求",常跟介词to连用。如:
Does the idea of working abroad appeal to you?
The police are appealing to the public for any information about this.
【词条3】awake
【点拨】awake 可用作形容词,意为"醒着的"。如:
I have lain awake all night thinking over the problem.
注意:awake是表语形容词,不能用于名词前作定语。类似的形容词还有asleep, alive, aware等。
【拓展】awake (awoke, awoken) 可作不及物动词,意为"醒来",这时与wake up意义相近；awake也可作及物动词,意为"唤醒,叫醒；唤起(记忆)；激起(情感)"。如:
I awake to the ringing of an electric bell every day.
The thunder awoke me last night.
His father tried to awake him to a sense of duty.
Nothing can awake her interest in foot-ball.

经典短语透视
【短语1】ahead of
【点拨】ahead of意为"在……之前"。如:
The time here is nine hours ahead of London. Ahead of us was a narrow and muddy road.
【拓展】ahead of还可意为"胜过,优于；(数量、价格等)超过"。如:
In management, our company is well ahead of theirs.
Their pay offer was well ahead of inflation.

【短语2】holdout
【点拨】hold out可意为"伸出,拿出"。如:
When I arrived, Mary held out her hand in welcome.
【拓展】hold out还可意为"维持；坚持(抵抗)"。如:
We were short of water but it could hold out for another day.
They held out against the enemy for two days and nights.
The town was surrounded, but the citizens held out until help at last came.

【短语3】putdown
【点拨】put down可意为"放下"。如:
Put down that knife before you hurt somebody!
【拓展】
1. put down还可意为"写下,记下；镇压；消灭"。如:
Put down your notes at the bottom of the paper.
The uprising was put down three days later.
can’t put sth. down 爱不释手；不忍释卷。如:
It is an interesting story and he can’t put it down until he has finished reading it.
2. 与put相关的常用短语:put out出版；生产；使熄灭,扑灭；put up树立；put off推迟；put aside 把……搁在一边；put forward提出；put up with容忍。如:
Be sure to put out the light before you go to bed.
The building will be put up in the centre of the campus.
Don’t put off till tomorrow what can be done today.
He put aside his work to spend more time with his family.
He put forward a very good suggestion at the meeting.
I could hardly put up with the child any longer.

热点语法聚焦
动词的-ing形式作状语
可表示时间、原因、条件、结果、让步、方式、伴随或对谓语加以补充说明等。如:
While reading the book, he nodded from time to time. (时间)
It rained for two weeks, completely ruining the crops. (结果)
Turning to the right at the crossing, you will see the post office right before you. (条件)
Being busy and exhausted, he gave us a lot of help. (让步)
We Chinese eat our food using chopsticks. (方式)
Not knowing how to deal with the problem, the boy turned to his teacher. (原因)
Laughing and talking loudly, we left the party. (伴随)
【难点点拨】
1. 现在分词作状语时,其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语一致,它所表示的动作应该是句中主语所发出的动作,即现在分词和句子主语之间构成主动关系。如:
Seeing from the top of the hill, we can get a full view of the country.
(we与see之间是主动关系)
2. 现在分词作状语时,其前可加while, when, after, before, though, unless等连词,on, upon等介词或thus, completely等副词。如:
While doing the experiment, we discovered the new chemical.
Take the medicine three times a day after having each meal.
On hearing the news, she rushed out the room.
My car was caught in a traffic jam, thus causing the delay.
3. 有时用"(with / without)+ 宾语+ 现在分词"结构作状语。如:
I couldn’t focus my attention with that noise going on.
4. 当现在分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,现在分词必须有自己的主语。如:
Weather permitting, the sports meet will be held next Friday.

Module 3
【词条1】raise
【点拨】vt. 可意为"招募,筹措(金钱)"。如:
It voted to raise 100,000 troops immediately.
He asked me to write a leaflet to raise money for Hope Schools.
【拓展】raise还可意为"举起；增加,提高；提出；抚养,饲养；引起"。如:
The wind raised the fallen leaves from the ground.
The boss has promised to raise their pay.
He was so angry as to raise his voice.
The question was raised at the meeting. I was raised by my aunt on a farm.
The discussion raised our interest.
【辨析】raise ＆rise两者都可以表示"上升；增长"之意,不同的是raise是及物动词,rise是不及物动词。如:
On Monday morning, we were watching the children raising the national flag and we saw it rising slowly in the wind.

【词条2】regret
【点拨】regret可用作动词,意为"懊悔,惋惜；遗憾",后接名词、代词、that从句、不定式、动名词等。如:
I regret my refusal to his invitation. I regret that I can’t attend the party.
We regret to inform you that you failed again.
We have deeply regretted selling the farm.
注意:其后接动词-ing形式和动词不定式时意思有区别。试体会:
I regret to tell you that I have no news for you. (遗憾要做某事)
I regret telling Tom the truth. (后悔做了某事)
【拓展】regret也可作名词,意为"遗憾,后悔；歉意"。如:
We decided with great regret that we couldn’t offer you the position.
feel no regret at对……不感到遗憾
much to one’s regret使某人非常遗憾的是
express one’s regret at对……表示遗憾

【词条3】forgive
【点拨】vt.＆vi.意为"原谅,宽恕",常用于结构forgive sb. for sth. / doing sth.,也可以接双宾语。如:
I will never forgive you for what you’ve ever done to me.
Eventually, she forgave him the bad behavior.
【拓展】forgivene ss n.原谅,宽恕,饶恕forgiving adj. 宽大的,仁慈的

经典短语透视
【短语1】keep in touch (with)
【点拨】keep in touch (with sb.)意为"(与某人)保持联系",也可写作stay / be in touch (with sb.)。如:
This is my card. Let’s keep in touch.
I’ve kept in touch with most of my classmates in the middle school.
【拓展】与touch相关的常见搭配还有:get in touch with"与……取得联系"；lose touch with / be out of touch with"与……失去/ 没有联系"。如:
We have lost touch with John since we moved to Japan.
Write to me as often as you can. I don’t want to lose touch with you.

【短语2】knock over
【点拨】knock over意为"撞倒,击倒"。如:
A drunken driver knocked over nine people, causing five deaths.
【拓展】与knock相关的短语还有:knock down"打倒,推倒"；knock off"停止,中断"；knock out"击败,击倒"。如:
He knocked Tom down with one blow of his fist.
We knocked off work for tea.
Our team was knocked out in the first part of the competition.

【短语3】make up
【点拨】make up可意为"和好"。如:
I found it hard to make up with Joan after we quarreled about the beautiful stamp.
【拓展】make up还有以下常用意思:
You shouldn’t believe him. He is making the whole thing up. (编造)
Whoever attends the ball is supposed to make up. (化妆)
You must make up the work you missed. (补上)

热点语法聚焦

1. 非谓语动词的完成式having done的用法
非谓语动词的完成式having done表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。其否定式为not having done。如:
Having been criticized by the teacher, he gave up smoking.
Not having studied his lessons very hard, he failed the examinations.
分词的被动式表示它的逻辑主语是-ing分词动作的承受者。根据-ing分词动作发生的时间,-ing分词的被动式有一般被动式(being done)和完成被动式(having been done)。如:
He never talked about his having been interviewed by the reporter.
The question being discussed is very important.
2. 非谓语动词的-ing形式和to do形式的区别
有些动词既能接不定式,又能接-ing形式,含义有所不同。如:
(1) forget, remember, regret等词后面接不定式表示不定式动作后于谓语动作,而后接-ing形式作宾语表示动名词动作先于谓语动作。如:
Do you remember seeing me before? 你记得以前见过我吗？
Remember to lock the door when you leave. 离开时要记得锁门。
(2) 动词mean, stop, try, go on等动词后面接动名词和接不定式作宾语,意思也有所不同。如:
I mean to change it for another one. 我想换成另外一个。
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
误了这班车就意味着再等一个小时。
(3) 动词allow, advise, forbid, permit等可直接跟 -ing形式作宾语,不可以接动词不定式作宾语,但可接不定式作宾语补足语。如:
Please permit me to say a few words.请允许我说几句话。
We don’t permit smoking here. 我们这儿不允许吸烟。
(4) 动词need, require, want作"需要"解时,后面接-ing分词或不定式被动式。如:
These little children require looking after carefully / to be looked after carefully.
这些小孩需要细心地照料。
(5) 动词like, hate, prefer等后面,如表示一般性动作,多用-ing形式；如指特定的具体的某次动作,多用不定式。如:
I like swimming, but I don’t like to swim with you.
我喜欢游泳,但我不喜欢和你一起游泳。

Module 4
【词条1】combine
【点拨】combine vi. / vt. 联合,结合,合并。常用作结构combine ... with ..."把……与……结合"。如:
The