高中英语记叙文阅读专项训练之记叙文.doc

高三年级二轮复习阅读理解部分专题之记叙文
主备人：李甜云
一．记叙文
记叙文是以叙述、描写为主要手法，以记人、叙事为主要内容的文章。
1传记
传记属记叙文的一种，是用来记载人物生平事迹的文章。在教学过程中，教师要指导学生通过时间和事件的关系把握文章的主线。此类体裁的文章通常被分为四部分，即A. childhood years B. early manhood C. great achievement D. remarks。教师应当引导学生按照下列主线来理解传记类文章：人物→时间与事件→成功/成就/信仰→评价。这样使学生在准确地理解课文的同时，也能学到传记类文章的写作方法。
2故事类
故事类文章也是记叙文的一种。文章多以人物、事件为中心，以时间和空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事。此类篇章情节性较强，教师可指导学生按照事件叠加、情节逐步展开的特点和解决问题，以人物一系列动作为线索的显著特征进行略读，即可以较快地获得篇章的主要信息。然后，教师再引导学生按照situation→problem→actions→conclusion迅速、准确地理解和掌握文章的细节。
二．“八字诀”：综观 理脉 检索 整合
一、综观——握要。首先着眼于文章的整体，注意理清内部的相互关系，从宏观上居高临下地驾驭文章，领会文章的主旨内涵。其次还要看文章的作者、写作时间和文后的注释等，特别要浏览一下后面问了哪些问题，从题目的选项中揣测文章的主旨，明确作者的主要写作意图。
二、理脉——分层。磨刀不误砍柴功。把握了全篇的主旨，理清了文章的脉络，再解答后面的问题，就如顺风行船，事半功倍。可是有些考生不在这方面下功夫，走马观花地看一遍文章，似懂非懂，就急于解答后面的问题，结果是欲速则不达，不仅费时费力，还容易答错。
三、检索——筛选。先看题目涉及到文中哪些段落或区域，确定对应的语句，题目一般是从选文里有可能被考生忽略且又不一定真懂的地方抽出来编成各种形式的问题，用来考查学生的理解能力。答案要从选文里找，准确抓住关键语句。只要认真揣摩上下文意，大多数题目的答案在原文中是能够“抠”出来的。
四、整合——审查。应注意几点答题要求：1、看是否要用自己的话；2、看要求是否有字数限制(没有要求在简练的基础上多多益善)；3、注意表述的范围、角度和方式，用规范的语言表达。
三． 要求能力
1、 理解语篇主旨大意
2、 理解文章具体信息
3、 根据上下文推断生词的词义
4、 做出简单判断和推理
5、 理解文章的基本结构
6、 理解作者的观点、意图和态度
四 题型动态
1、 主旨大意题
2、 细节理解题
3、 词义判断题
4、 推断题
5、 观点态度题
1 主旨大意题
文章主旨给出的四种形式:文首,文中,文尾,没有明确主旨,需总结。虽然作者表达主题思想的方式不同，但命题常用的提问方式有以下几种：

What’s the main idea/subject/topic of the passage?
The main idea of the passage is…
The passage is mainly about_____.
Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?
The best title for the passage is/ might be____.
The author’s main purpose of writing this passage is____.

★ 做题要领：
文章主旨通常会出现在文首,文中或文尾，因此寻找主题句或主题段往往是做好此类题的键。但当文中没有直接出现主题句，应对文章意思全面理解后归纳概括主旨，但不能太笼统即不切主题,言过其实或以偏概全。
2 细节理解题
这类题目是针对文章的具体事实和细节而出,因此通常能在文章中直接或间接地找到答案.此类要求查找重要事实和细节的试题通常以下列形式提出：

Which of the following statements is (not) true according to the passage?
Which of the following is (not) discussed/Mentioned in the passage?
According to the passage, what/where/
Which/who/why/when/how…?
All of the following are (not) true / mentioned / discussed except_________.
How does the author/writer feel about___?
3词义／语义判断题
这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种：

According to the author, the underlined word”…” means____.
From the passage, we can infer that the word”…”is___.
★ “…” can be best replaced by___.
What does the author probably mean by”…”?
By”…”, the author means that___

★做题要领
做此类题时，应在文中找线索或信息词。根据上下文判断新词汇在特定句中确切意思。根据周围熟悉的词及语义判断新单词之意，有时还需依靠构词法。
4 推断题
以原文内容为前提,透过现象看本质即透过文章表面文字信息推测文章隐含意思。根据作者的观点理论客观地对文中未明显说明的现象或事例给予合理的逻辑推断，做出一定解释。
推断题的常见形式：

It can be inferred / concluded from the text that____.
★ From the text we know that ______.
　　 The passage implies that ______.
　 The paragraph following the passage will most probably discusses______.

解推断题的方法：解推断题最主要的方法是根据语义关系推断具体细节。
5 观点态度题
回答这类问题应从篇章的体裁入手.一般来说,在说明文中作者的态度是客观的或中立的;在议论文中,作者的态度才会显得多种多样. 可以根据阐述主题或有关主题的相关语句或词语确定作者的态度。
常见的态度词语有:

positive support approval(赞同的） optimistic
★ critical negative tolerant disappointed
pessimistic(悲观的) indifferent(冷淡的) doubtful
Neutral(中立的） objective(客观的）

这类考题常见的提问方式有以下几种:

What’s the author’s/writer’s attitude to…?
The author thinks/suggests/believes that___.
How does the author feel about…?
Which of the following will the author agree / disagree with?
Which of the following can best describe the author’s attitude towards…?

五．实战练习。
（I）
　　The most important holiday in spring, especially for Christians, is Easter. This Christian holiday is not on the same date every year，but it's always on a Sunday. It can be any Sunday between March 22 and April 25. Many people celebrate Easter by buying new clothes. Children celebrate by hunting for colored eggs that their parents have hidden around the house. People also give Easter baskets filled with candy and other goodies to one another to celebrate the day.
　　But the holiday is more than new clothes and good things to eat. On Easter, many people go to church to celebrate Jesus' resurrection（复活）from the dead. Most people color Ester eggs. Some people hide them. Others just eat them. But no matter what one does with Easter eggs，they are an important Easter tradition throughout the Western world. People from many different cultures celebrate Easter. In both America and Belgium, children look for Easter eggs hidden on lawns and in bushes. In America, children believe the eggs are hidden by the Easter bunny (兔子).But in Belgium, the hidden eggs are supposed to have fallen from church bells. In Bulgaria (保加利亚), red Easter eggs are lucky in churches. Bulgarian families also hit these Easter eggs together to see whose is the strongest. The winner looks forward to good fortune that year. Still dozens of other Easter traditions exist. In parts of Austria，for example，children sing from door to door and are rewarded with colorful eggs.
　　1．Easter comes _______.
　　A. on the same date every year B. on Sunday on March 22
　　C. on Sunday on April 25 D. on a Sunday between March 22 and April 25
　　2．To celebrate Easter, people ___________.
　　A. go shopping, hide colored eggs and children hunt for them
　　B. give Easter baskets filled candy and goodies to one another
　　C. buy new clothes, hide colored eggs and children look for them around the house
　　D. both B and C
　　3．For Christians the more important thing to do on Easter is________.
　　A. going to church to celebrate Jesus' resurrection
　　B. buying new clothes
　　C. eating delicious food and paint color eggs
　　D. exchange beautiful gifts each other
　　4．People from different cultures have different ideas about Easter egg _________.
　　A. In both American and Belgium, children hunt for Easter eggs hidden in rooms and in bushes
　　B. In Belgium, the hidden eggs are thought to have fallen from doorbells
　　C. In American, children believe the eggs are hidden by the Easter bunny
　　D. In America, the hidden eggs are supposed to have fallen from doorbells
　　5．In some places of Austria, children sing from door to door for_______.
　　A. blesses              B. Easter eggs
　　C. candy and goodies     D. Easter bunny
　　1-5 DDACB

（II）
　　I've loved my mother's desk since I was just tall enough to sit above the top of it. Mother sat writing letters. Standing by her chair, looking at the ink bottle, pens, and white paper, I decided that the act of writing must be a most wonderful thing in the world.
　　Years later, during her final illness, Mother kept different things for my sister and brother. "But the desk," she said again, "is for Elizabeth."
　　I never saw her angry, never saw her cry. I knew she loved me; she showed in action. But as a young girl. I wanted to have heart-to-heart talks between mother and daughter.
　　They never happened. And a gulf opened between us. I was "too emotional (易动感情的)". But she lived "on the surface (表面)".
　　As years passed and I had my own family. I loved my mother and thanked her for our happy family. I wrote to her in careful words and asked her to let me know in any way she chose that she did forgive me.
　　My hope turned to disappointment, then little interest and, finally, peace - it seemed that nothing happened. I couldn't be sure that the letter had even got to Mother. I only knew that I had written it, and I could stop trying to make her into someone she was not.
　　But the present of her desk told me, as she'd never been able to, that she was pleased that writing was my chosen work. I cleaned the desk carefully and found some papers inside - a photo of my father and a one-paper letter, folded and refolded many times. It was my letter.
　　"In any way you choose, Mother, you always chose the act that speaks louder than words."
　　1．The writer began to love her mother's desk________.
　　A．after Mother died           B．before she became a writer
　　C．when she was a child        D．when Mother gave it to her
　　2．The passage shows that_________.
　　A．Mother was cold on the surface but kind in her heart to her daughter
　　B．Mother was too serious about her daughter in words
　　C．Mother wrote to her daughter in careful words
　　D．Mother wrote to her daughter in careless words
　　3．The underlined word "gulf" in the passage means_______.
　　A．deep understanding between the old and the young
　　B．different ideas between mother and daughter
　　C．free talks between mother and daughter
　　D．part of the sea going far in land
　　4．What did Mother do with her daughter's letter asking for forgiveness?
　　A．She had never received the letter.
　　B．For years, she often talked about the letter.
　　C．She didn't forgive her daughter at all in all her life.
　　D．She read the letter again and again till she died.
　　5．What's best title of the passage?
　　A．My letter to Mother             B．Mother and children
　　C．My Mother's Desk              D．Talks between Mother and me
　　1-5 CABDC
（III）
　　Mr. Black and Mr. White were two very famous artists in the city. Their drawings were also very popular in the city. But they tried to see who could draw the best picture.
　　One day they asked an old man to be the judge. Mr. Black drew an apple tree. He put his picture in the field. Soon the birds came and tried to eat the apples. The old man saw it and said, "You have certainly won. Mr. White cannot draw so good a picture as yours. But we will go to see his picture."
　　They went to Mr. White's house. There were nothing but red beautiful curtains on the wall. The old man asked, "Where is your picture, Mr. White?" He said, "Lift the curtains, and you will find my picture." The old man tried to lift the curtains but found that they were drawn there. They were Mr. White's picture. The old man said, "Birds thought the apples were real. Men thought the curtains were real. So Mr. White won. His picture is the best one."
　　1. Mr. Black drew       .
　　A. an apple tree        B. the best picture
　　C. curtains            D. birds
　　2. The old man thought Mr. Black's picture was good because       .
　　A. it was in the field        B. it was an apple tree
　　C. the birds liked it         D. the birds thought it was real
　　3. Mr. White's picture was       .
　　A. an apple tree        B. curtains      C. nothing      D. an old man
　　4. Which of the following statements is TRUE?
　　A. The birds came and ate the apples up.
　　B. The old man said Mr. White's picture was the best one at last.
　　C. The two pictures were not so good.
　　D. The curtains on the wall were real.
　　1-4 ADBB
（IV）
　　People in the United States honor their parents with two special days: Mother's Day, on the second Sunday in May, and Father's Day, on the third Sunday in June. These days are set aside to show love and respect for parents. They raise their children and educate them to be responsible(有责任感的) citizens. They give love and care. These two days make us think about the changing roles of mothers and fathers. More mothers now work outside the home. More fathers must help with child care.
　　These two special days are celebrated in many different ways. On Mother's Day people wear carnations. A red one symbolizes a living mother. A white one shows that the mother is dead. Many people attend religious services to honor parents. It is also a day when people whose parents are dead visit the cemetery(墓地). On these days families get together at home, as well as in restaurants. They often have outdoor barbecues for Father's Day. These are days of fun and good feelings and memories.
　　Another tradition is to give cards and gifts. Children make them in school. Many people make their own presents. These are valued more than the ones bought in stores. It is not the value of the gift that is important, but it is "the thought that counts". Greeting card stores, florists, candy makers, bakeries, telephone companies, and other stores do a lot of business during these holidays.
　　1.Which of the following is NOT a reason for children to show love and respect for parents? _________.
　　A. Parents bring up children. B. Parents give love and care to children.
　　C. Parents educate children to be good persons.
　　D. Parents pass away before children grow up.
　　2.What do you think "florists" do? _________.
　　A. They sell flowers. B. They make and sell bread.
　　C. They offer enough room for having family parties.
　　D. They sell special gifts for Mother's Day and Father's Day.
　　3.Which do you think is right about "carnation"? _________.
　　A. It has only two kinds of colors.
　　B. It refers to the special clothes people wear on Mother's Day or Father's Day.
　　C. It's a kind of flower showing love and best wishes.
　　D. People can wear carnations only on the second Sunday in May.
　　1-3 DAC

V
It was a beautiful Sunday morning, and Maggie and I were returning from our walk through the woods．We were only a couple of blocks from home when I spotted a cellphone and a credit card sitting on the road．We took them home．We always find amazing things on the street and Maggie looks upon them a movable feast—a chicken wing here and a barbecue rib there．
I found another cellphone a few years back, too, and called a number in its phone book．I explained the situation to the guy who answered．He said it was his sister’s and that he’d come to pick it up, which he did．
And that was that．No verbal thank-you, no written thank-you, no “here’s a box of chocolates” thank-you．
I didn’t have time to call anyone on my latest found cellphone．I was pouring myself coffee when it started to vibrate（震动） and dance across the kitchen counter．
“Who’s this?” someone asked when I picked up．
“Who’s this?” I countered．（反问） “Sarah?”
She was surprised at my knowing her name until she realized her name was on the credit card, “Could you send them to me?” she asked．
She lives in Arlington, which is 2 miles from my house．
“Humm, no,” I replied, adding that I thought she could come to get them, and that if I wasn’t at home, they would be in my mailbox．
A day later, when I was out for a run, someone retrieved （取回） them．There wasn’t even a piece of paper put in the mailbox with “Thanks” on it．In this age of e-mail and cellphone, there’s really no excuse．Years ago, I found something more precious than a $100 bill on the street: a driver’s license．I saw that its owner lived a couple of blocks from me, so I called him up．He asked whether I could slip the license through his front door．
“I guess I could,” I replied．
And that was that．
14．What is the relationship between Maggie and the writer?
A．Wife and husband． B．Daughter and father．
C．Teacher and student． D．Master and pet dog．
15．How did the writer know it was Sarah calling?
A．From her telephone’s phone book． B．From her credit card．
C．From her e-mail． D．From her driver’s license
16．The writer wants to tell us _______ through the unusual stories．
A．we should return the things we pick to the owners
B．people don’t know how to appreciate others because of the use of e-mail and cellphone
C．people should learn to appreciate persons wh