2018年高考英语二轮复习-第一部分-阅读理解篇-专题1-阅读理解-第1讲-细节理解类.ppt

专题一阅读理解专题一阅读理解阅读理解篇阅读理解篇部分讲细节理解类讲细节理解类1 1题题型型特特点点3 3分分类类例例析析4 4复复习习练练案案2 2解解题题流流程程题题 型型 特特 点点一、细节理解题常见设问方式细节理解题几乎都可以在文章中直接找到与答案有关的信息。常见的命题方式有：1特殊疑问句形式。以when，where，what，which，who，how much/many等疑问词开头引出的问题。2判断是非形式。含有TRUE/FALSE，NOT true/false或EXCEPT等的判断是非的问题。此时要注意题干中是否含有否定词，如not，never等。3以“According to.”开头的提问形式。4填空形式。如The biggest challenge for most mothers is from _.此类题目相对简单，只要考生认真并且细心，得分就会比较容易。二、细节理解题正确选项的特征1同义替换。对原文句子中的关键词进行同义替换。如把lose ones job换成了be out of work。有时候词性或者语态有所变化。把原文中的一些词变换一下词性，如把important改成of importance；改变原文中句子的语态，即主动语态与被动语态的转换。2语言简化。把原文中的复杂语言现象进行简化，设置为答案。3正话反说。把原文中的意思反过来表达而成为正确选项。解解 题题 流流 程程细节理解题无论以怎样的方式提问，考生都要记住一个解题原则“本本主义”，一切从原文出发，无需读很多段落甚至全文后去归纳总结、分析推理，正确答案就对应原文的某一处具体信息。第一步审读题干和选项，回到原文定信息区间通过题干或选项中的关键词找到定位点，开始精读文章直到下一题的定位区域出现。只有两种情况需要向上找寻信息：定位到的信息为数字串，或举例说明部分；出现了逻辑关系词(therefore,so,as a result)或代词(that,these,it)。第二步将选项和原文一一对比，求同排异定答案利用“同义原则”，找出原文中与正确选项匹配的同义词组，将原文出现的信息和选项进行比对，确定正确选项。做任何阅读理解题都不是找感觉，本质上是找同义词，解题时找出的同义词组越多，答案就越准确，这是解答细节理解题的基本方法。分分 类类 例例 析析1直接信息题题干定位法(2017全国，A片段)Pacific Science Center GuideVisit Pacific Science Centers StoreDont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于)upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.Hungry?Our exhibits will feed your mind,but what about your body?Our caf offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options,in addition to seasonal specials.The caf is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongings during your visit.The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3.Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.ID required.Q：Where can you buy a souvenir at Pacific Science Center?AIn Building 1.BIn Building 3.CAt the Laser Dome.DAt the Denny Way entrance.解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键词本题题干的关键词是：_第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题信息句是：_ _尝试解答：_ Dont forget to stop by Pacific Science Centers Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or souvenir to remember your visit.The store is located(位于)upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laser Dome.where;souvenirB干扰项分析A、C、D三项张冠李戴。位于一号楼的咖啡馆和问询处等均不出售纪念品，排除A项；文章第一部分提到商店紧挨着Laser Dome，而不是说在Laser Dome可以买纪念品，排除C项；根据文章第三部分中的“Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny Way entrance.”可知，在Denny Way的入口处可以租借婴儿车和轮椅，而不能买纪念品，排除D项。2.间接信息题断章取义法(2016全国，A片段)Sandra Day OConnor(1930present)When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.She became an Arizona state senator(参议员)and,in 1981,the first woman to join the US.Supreme Court.OConnor gave the deciding vote in many important cases during her 24 years on the top court.Q：What was the reason for OConnors being rejected by the law firm?AHer lack of proper training in law.BHer little work experience in court.CThe discrimination against women.DThe poor financial conditions.解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键词本题题干的关键词是：_第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题的信息句是：_ _第三步对比信息句和选项，得出答案根据信息句可知，OConnor找不到工作是因为她是一名女生。可见，这是由于当时对女性的偏见和歧视造成的。尝试解答：_OConnor;the law firm When Sandra Day OConnor finished third in her class at Stanford Law School,in 1952,she could not find work at a law firm because she was a woman.C(2017天津，B片段)Fifteen years ago,I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy.After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的)view of the blue sea,white buildings and green olive trees,I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately,just as I took out my camera,a woman approached from behind,and planted herself right in front of my view.Like me,this woman was here to stop,sigh and appreciate the view.Q：What happened when the author was about to take a photo?AHer camera stopped working.BA woman blocked her view.CSomeone asked her to leave.DA friend approached from behind.解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键词本题题干中的关键词是：_第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题的信息句是：_ _第三步对比信息句和选项，得出答案根据信息句可知，就在“我”拿出相机的时候，一位女士从后面走过来，正好停在“我”的视线前面，即“我”的视线被挡住(blocked)了。尝试解答：_what happened;was about to take a photo Unfortunately,just as I took out my camera,a woman approached from behind,and planted herself right in front of my view.B干扰项分析A项无中生有，文章并没有提及作者的相机不能用了；C项曲解文意，文章第三段提及“Was it too much to ask her to move.？”，但这是作者的心理活动，而不是别人让作者走开；D项移花接木，文章是说一位女士(a woman)从作者的后面走来，而不是一位朋友(a friend)。3事件排序题首尾排除法(2014四川，C)A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic(过敏的)reaction which stopped his heart.Izzy,nine,restarted father Colms heart by stamping(踩)on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing.Izzys mother，Debbie,immediately called 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father,so decided to use CPR.However,she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough,so she stamped on her fathers chest instead.Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions(按压)until the ambulance arrived.Izzy,who has been given a bravery award by her school,said:“I just kicked him really hard.My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands.I was quite scared.The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse.My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big footprint on his chest.”“Shes a little star，”said Debbie.“I was really upset but Izzy just took over.I just cant believe what she did.I really think all children should be taught first aid.Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up.Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve got to see an expert.”Truck driver Colm,35,suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital,but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day.The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled,preventing him from breathing,his blood pressure dropped suddenly,and his heart stopped for a moment.He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.Q：Whats the right order of the events?Izzy kicked Colm.Debbie called 999.Izzy learned CPR.Colms heart stopped.A B.CD.解题思路第一步速读文章，了解故事情节由上下文可知，Izzy先前了解了一些CPR的知识，后来她父亲因过敏反应，心脏停止了工作，Izzy的母亲Debbie拨打了999急救电话，然后Izzy采取了急救措施。第二步找出四个事件发生的先后顺序事件一：_事件二：_事件三：_事件四：_尝试解答：_Izzy learned CPR.Colms heart stopped.Debbie called 999.Izzy kicked Colm.C4数字计算题查读分析法(2015四川，C片段)Across Britain，burnt toast will be served to mothers in bed this morning as older sons and daughters rush to deliver their supermarket bunches of flowers.But，according to a new study，we should be placing a higher value on motherhood all year.Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now，the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours，they would earn as much as 172,000 a year.The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do，as well as the hours they are working，to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.Q：How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime Minister?A30,000.B142,000.C172,000.D202,000.解题思路第一步确定题干中的关键词本题题干中的关键词是：_第二步根据关键词定位信息句本题的信息句是：_ _ _尝试解答：_mother;the Prime Minister Now，the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labours，they would earn as much as 172,000 a year.This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.B(172,00030,000142,000)5正误判断题逐项击破法 (2016四川，D)A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good nights sleep.But now a study has found it really does help people nod offif it is milked from a cow at night.Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin(褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.The study,by researchers from Seoul,South Korea,involved mice being fed with dried milk powder made from cows milked both during the day and at night.Those given night milk,which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin,were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime,according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.While the effect of cows milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now,taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.Previous studies have also indicated that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content,which helps people to relax.Milk is also sugarfree and additivefree with nutritionists recommending skimmed milk as the best choice before bed as it is the least fattening.The more fat you take in before bedtime,the greater burden you will put on your body at night.Q：Which of the following is true of melatonin according to the text?AIts been tested on mice for ten times.BIt can make people more energetic.CIt exists in milk in great amount.DIts used in sleeping drugs.解题思路第一步根据关键词找出相关信息句本题的信息句是：A：_ _B：_ _C：_D：_ _ Those given night milk,which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin,were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime.Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin(褪黑激素),which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety.Researchers have discovered that“night milk”contains more melatonin.taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who are struggling to fall asleep at night.第二步对比选项与信息句，逐项击破A项与信息句毫无关联；B项与信息句意思相反；C项范围扩大化；D项与信息句符合。尝试解答：_D(2017天津，B片段)Fifteen years ago,I took a summer vacation in Lecce in southern Italy.After climbing up a hill for a panoramic(全景的)view of the blue sea,white buildings and green olive trees,I paused to catch my breath and then positioned myself to take the best photo of this panorama.Unfortunately,just as I took out my camera,a woman approached from behind,and planted herself right in front of my view.Like me,this woman was here to stop,sigh and appreciate the view.Patient as I was,after about 15 minutes,my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take,I grew frustrated.Was it too much to ask her to move so I could take just one picture of the landscape?Sure,I could have asked her,but something prevented me from doing so.She seemed so content in her observation.I didnt want to mess with that.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored.The woman was still there.I decided to take the photo anyway.And now when I look at it,I think her presence in the photo is what makes the image interesting.The landscape,beautiful on its own,somehow comes to life and breathes because this woman is engaging with it.Q：According to the author,the woman was probably _.Aenjoying herselfBlosing her patienceCwaiting for the sunset Dthinking about her past解题思路第一步根据关键词找出相关信息句A_B_C_ _D_She seemed so content in her observation.Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored.Patient as I was,after about 15 minutes,my camera scanning the sun and reviewing the shot I would eventually take,I grew frustrated.I didnt want to mess with that.第二步对比选项与信息句，逐项击破A项作者认为这位女士玩得很愉快(enjoy herself)，与信息句符合；B项张冠李戴，根据第四段中的“Another 15 minutes passed and I grew bored.”可知，作者又等了15分钟，渐渐感到有些厌烦，这说明作者正失去耐心，而不是那位女士正失去耐心；C项无中生有，文章并没有提及那位女士等待日落；D项无中生有，文章没有提及那位女士想起她的过去。尝试解答：_A 复复 习习 练练 案案