深圳牛津版英语八年级上册知识要点复习(2).doc

深圳牛津版英语八年级上册知识要点复习
Chapter 1 知识要点
一、单词
　　1.liquid 液体 solid 固体( sold )
　　2.gas 气体( has; was ) cover 覆盖( discover; over )
　　3.stream 小溪( dream; ice cream ) tap 龙头( tape; cap; map; top )
　　4. freeze 惊呆;吓呆( froze; frozen) pump 用泵输送(jump)
　　5.waste 浪费(taste 尝起来) sound 听起来;似乎( round; found)
　　6.angry 生气的;愤怒的 obey 服从;顺从( disobey 违反)
　　7.nod 点头( not; now; nor ) total 总数;合计
　　8.treatment 处理;治疗( treat v.) works 工厂;著作;作品
　　9.travel 旅行( traveler n.) pipe 管子
　　10.until 直到……时( =till ) sewage (下水道的)污水
　　11.pollute 污染( pollution n.) valuable 有价值的;宝贵的( value v.)
　　12.mint 铸币厂( mine; mind ) shiny 光亮的( shine n.)
　　13.customer 顾客;客户 ordinary 普通的
　　14.owner 主人;物主( own v.& adj.) bath 洗澡;沐浴( path; both )
　　15.pour 涌流;倾斜( four; tour 旅行; sour 酸;(hour; your; our )
　　16.plant 工厂;植物;种植( plan; plane; planet; pant长裤子;plain 平原 )

二、短语(词组)
　　1. go back to = return to 回到……
　　2. give sb.sth. = give sth. to sb. 给某人某物
　　3. two thirds 三分之二 think about = consider 考虑;思考
　　4. from…to 从…到… lay eggs 下蛋
　　5. a few = not many 不多;几乎没有 a little = not much 不多;几乎没有
　　6. shake one’s head 摇头 nod one’s head 点头
　　7. drop…into 把…扔进 carry…to 把…送到
　　8. on the right/left 在右边/左边 come out of 从……出来
　　9. agree with sb. 同意某人意见 agree to do sth. 同意做某事
　　10. at least 最少;至少 at most 最多
　　11. brush the teeth 刷牙 in fact 事实上
　　12. come / be from 来自 clean ... up = make ... clean 打扫干净
　　13. be angry with sb. 生某人的气 be angry about/at sth. 因某事生气
　　14. in the first place = at first 首先;起初
　　in the end = at last = finally 最后;最终
　　15. turn ...off/on 关闭 / 打开(电器等)turn ... up / down 调高/调低(声音/音量)

三、句型结构
　　1. use sth. to do sth. = do sth. with sth. 用某物去做某事
　　2. do one’s best(to do sth.) 尽某人最大努力去做某事
　　We should do our best to learn English well. 我们应该尽力学好英语。
　　3. It’s adj. for sb. to do sth. 对于某人来说,做某事是……
　　 It''s very important for us to learn English well. 对我们来说，学好英语很重要。
　　= To learn English well is very important for us.
　　4. remember to do sth. 记得去做某事 ( 未做)
　　remember doing sth. 记得做了某事 ( 已做 )
　　5. not...until/ before ... = ...after 直到…才
　　Kate didn''t go to bed until/ before she finished her homework yesterday.
　　= Kate went to bed after she finished her homework yesterday.
　　6. sb. spend sm. on sth. = sb. pay sm.for sth. = sb. buy sth. for sm.
　　= sth. cost sb. sm. 某人花钱买某物
　　Mary spent 500 yuan on the new bike last week.上个星期Kate花500圆买这辆新自行车
　　= Mary paid 500 yuan for the new bike last week.
　　= Mary bought the new bike for 500 yuan last week.
　　= The new bike cost Mary 500 yuan last week.
　　7. pay attention to ( doing sth.) 注意(做某事)
　　8. too much + 不可数名词 太多…… too much rain / sand
　　too many + 可数名词复数 太多…… too many apples / dogs
　　much too + adj. / adv. (原级) 过于 / 太…… much too fat / dirty
　　9. 系动词 + adj. 系动词通常包括be动词 ( am/ is/ are/ was/ were ) 和 感官动词
　　( look 看起来;sound 听起来;smell 闻起来;taste 品尝起来;feel 感觉起来 )等
　　The girl looked very happy today. The food smells very sad.
　　10. adj./adv.(原级) + enough 足够… enough修饰形容词和副词的原级，通常放在被修
　　饰词(形容词/副词)的后面。 tall enough 足够高 important enough 足够重要
　　11. a lot of = lots of + 可数名词复数/ 不可数名词 通常用于肯定句，改为否定句或疑问
　　句时常改为many或much.
Chapter 2 知识要点
　一、单词：
　　1. local 当地的;本地的(location) term 学期(team)
　　2. publish 出版;发行 suggest 建议(suggestion n.=advice)
　　3. briefly 简要地 conclude 结束 (= finish / end )
　　4. experience 经验;经历 vote 投票;选举( voter n. note )
　　5. secretary 秘书(secret adj.) section 文件、书等的)节;项;段
　　6. absent 不在场的;缺勤的 shame 遗憾的事;可惜(share; same)
　　7. form 排列成;形式;年级 mayor 市长(may)
　　8. deserve 应受;应得(serve) march 齐步走;行进(March; match)
　　9. consider 考虑(= think about) stall 摊位;货摊(still; tall; small)
　　10. design 设计( designer sign) jar 罐子(bar car; star; far)
　　11. match 竞赛;比赛(=game; watch) teenage 十三岁到十九岁的
　　12. committee 委员会 edition (书、报等)版次(editor)
　　13. pleased 高兴的;满足的;满意的( pleasure n. pleasant adj. )
　　14. hold 举行( 过去式:held; cold; sold; told )
　　15. feature (报纸、电视等中)特写或专题节目;羽毛 ( leather 皮革 )
　　16. praise 表扬( raise; pride; proud )
　　17. elect 选举(= choose election; elector = voter; electricity 电;电子 )
　　18. free 免费的;自由的;空闲的( freedom n. freeze )
　二、短语(词组)：
　　1. take charge of = be in charge of = be responsible for 负责;管理;对…负责
　　2. talk ... over 商量;讨论 = discuss = talk about
　　3. pay for = spend on 付款 ask for 要求;请求
　　4. make mistakes 犯错 write ... down 写下;记下
　　5. sit down = have a seat 坐下;就坐 finish doing sth. 完成做某事
　　6. be pleased with 对…感到满意 have / hold a meeting 举行会议
　　7. take notes 记笔记 ought to = should 应当;应该
　　8. take part in = join in 参加;加入(+ 活动)
　　9. in one week’s time = in one week 一周后( 指将来时间 )
　　10. all over the world = in the world 全世界
　　11. take care of = look after = care for 照顾;照看
　　take care = look out = watch out = be careful 小心;注意
　　12. think about = consider 考虑 make a decision = decide 决定
　　13. find out 查明;弄清楚 look for 寻找 find 找到
　　14. more than = over 超过;多于 on October 1st 在十月一日
　　15. keep healthy 保持健康/卫生 after school 放学后
　　16. be good at = do well in 擅长于...;在...方面好
　　be good for 对...有好处 be bad for 对...有害
　　17. hundreds of years later = after hundreds of years 数百年后
　　18. come to the end of sth. 结束某事 = conclude sth.

三、句型结构:
　　1. would like to do sth. = want to do sth. = feel like doing sth. 想要做某事
　　2. lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. 借给某人某物 ( 类似有：send show give pass )
　　3. be interested in = be keen on = be fond of 对…感兴趣
　　4. tell sb.(not) to do sth. 告诉某人不要做某事
　　5. something interesting 有趣的东西 不定代词 + adj. (形容词修饰不
　　定代词，形容词放在不定代词的后面。) something important 重要的东西/事情
　　6. either ... or 不是...就是... (连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词用就近原则)
　　neither ... nor 不...也不...;...和...(两者)都不
　　Either I or Tom is going to play basketball. 不是我就是Tom将参加打篮球。
　　Neither Kate nor Mary does well in Chinese. Kate和Mary两个都不擅长于语文/中文。
　　7. like ... best 最喜欢...
　　I like playing basketball best. = My favourite sport is playing basketball.
　　8. agree to do sth. 同意做某事 agree with sb. 同意某人意见
　　9. decide to do sth. = make a decision to do sth.= make up one''s mind to do sth.
　　决定做某事 make a decision about sth. 对某事作出决定
　　10. arrange to do sth. 安排做某事
　　11. suggest doing sth. 建议做某事 suggest sb. To do sth. 建议某人做某事

四、语法： 感叹句
What (a / an) adj. + n. + ( 主语 + 谓语 )! How + adj./adv.+ ( 主语 + 谓语 )!
　　What a beautiful girl Kate is ! = How beautiful Kate is !
　　What important work it is! = How important the work is!
　　What happy children they are! = How happy the children are!

Chapter 3知识要点
　一、单词：
　　1. innocent 无辜的;无罪的 detective 侦探 (active)
　　2. guilty 犯罪的;有罪的 recent 最近的;近来的
　　3. case 案件(cage; cave; care; cake; base) alone 独自;单独(along)
　　4. lock 锁;锁上(cock; rock; sock) safe 保险箱;安全的(save)
　　5. clue 线索(blue club) earring 耳环(ear ring)
　　6. question 提问;质问;问题 necklace 项链 (neck)
　　7. proof 证据(roof) ruby 红宝石 ( rugby )
　　8. suspect 嫌疑犯;可疑对象 admit 承认
　　9. own 自己的;本人的;拥有(owner) insurance 保险
　　10.jail 监狱(tail; fail; sail) bracelet 手镯 (brace let)
　　11.emerald 绿宝石 diamond 钻石
　　12.piece (尤指一套中的)一件;块;条 separately 单独地;分别地
　　13.crime 犯罪行为 belt 皮带( bell )
　　14.frightened 受惊吓的;害怕的(frighten v.) doorway 门口 (door way)
　　15.string 线;绳子(= rope) (strong) carpet 地毯(car pet)

二、词组(短语)：
　　1. work as = be 从事……工作 knock at/on the door 敲门
　　2. break into 闯入 bump into 撞击
　　3. steal... from 从……偷来 see the film 看电影
　　4. make mistakes 犯错 behind bars 坐牢
　　5. arrive at/in = get to = reach 到达 ask sb. to do sth. 要求某人做某事
　　6. wait for 等待 instead of 代替
　　7. find out 找到 look for 寻找
　　8. belong to 属于 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事
　　9. in the end = at last = finally 最后 between...and... 在..和..之间(两者)
　　10. in / on the wall 在墙上/里 in/ on the hand 在手里/中
　　11. let/ make sb. do sth. 使某人做某事
　　12. show sth. to sb. = show sb. sth. 给某人看某物 ( pass/ give/ send/ lend)
　　13. at once = right away = in no time 马上;立刻 be similar to 与…相似
　　14. be the same as 与...相同 be different from 与...不同
　　15. at first = in the first place = first of all 首先
　　16. as well as 也;又 = also / as well / too
　　17. turn ... on 打开(电器;电;煤气等) turn ... off 关闭
　　turn ...up 调高/调大 turn ... down 调低/调小

三、句型结构：
　　1. no longer = not…any longer/more 不再
　　2. forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事 forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事
　　3. sb. buy sth. for sm.=sb. pay/spend sm. for/on sth.
　　=sth. cost sb. sm. 某人花钱买某物
　　4. find it adj. to do sth. 发现做某事... find sb. doing sth. 发现某人做某事
　　5. finish./practice doing sth. 完成/练习做某事
　　6. be afraid of 害怕 be afraid to do sth. 害怕做某事
　　7. hope/ want to do sth. 希望/想要做某事
　　8. notice sb. doing sth. 注意/通知某人做某事

四、语法：(动词不定式、动名词)
　　动词不定式：分为 带to的动词不定式(to + 动词原形) 和 不带to的动词不定式
　　常和动词不定式(to do)连用的动词有：
　　1. decide/ hope/ plan/ want/ arrange/ learn/ agree/ refuse(拒绝) to do sth.
　　2. suggest/ ask/ tell/ teach/ want/ wish/ encourage(鼓励) sb. to do sth.
　　3. keep/see/ watch/ hear/ notice sb. doing sth.看见/听到某人正在做某事(正在进行
　　常和动名词(doing)连用的动词有：
　　suggest/ admit/ deny/ enjoy/ finish/ mind/ keep/ practice(练习) doing sth.
　　后可接动词不定式也可接动名词的动词，但两种形式所表达的意思有所不同：
　　remember forget stop
　　remember to do sth. 记住去做某事(未做) remember doing sth.记起来做一某事(已做)
　　forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事(未做) forget doing sth.忘记已做某事(已做)
　　stop to doing sth. 停下来去做某事(未做) stop doing sth.停止做某事(正在做)
　　其宾语后可接动名词也可接不带to的动词不定式的动词有：see watch hear
　　see/ watch/ hear/ notice sb. do sth. 看见/听到某人做了某事(已做)
　　see/ watch/ hear/ notice sb. doing sth. 看见/听到某人正在做某事(正在进行)
　　其宾语后只可接不带的动词不定式的动词有：make let have(使得)
　　make/ let sb. do sth. 让/使某人做某事 have sb. do sth. 使得某人做某事

Chapter 4知识要点
一、单词
　　1. drive 驱动器;驾驶(drove; driven) monitor (计算器)显示器;班长
　　2. speaker 扬声器;喇叭(speak; speech) keyboard 键盘( key board )
　　3. print 打印(point; paint; printer) mouse 鼠标(pl: mice; house)
　　4. control 控制 hide 藏;隐藏(hid; hidden)
　　5. tiny 极小的;微小的(= very small) judge 法官;审判员
　　6. realize 察觉到;意识到(=be aware of) company 公司
　　7. rarely 很少;不常(= seldom) type 打字;键入;类型
　　8. reference 标识 distance 距离(dance; distant)
　　9. railway 铁路( rail ) raise 提出(问题等)(praise)
　　10.supply 供应;提供(offer; provide) opinion 意见;看法
　　11.price 价格(rice ;piece) medium 中等的;中号的
　　12.quantity 数量 modern 现代的
　　13.disagree 不同意( agree ) hot 辣的;热的(heat)
　　14.smooth 柔和的(= soft) speed 速度( at the speed of )
　　15.operate 操作;使运行( operation; operator )
　　16.order 订单;命令;顺序(in order of 以...顺序; In order to do sth为了做某事)

二、短语/词组
　　1. hardly ever 难得;几乎不= seldom for the time being 暂时
　　2. write...down 写下 so many/ much 如此多;很多
　　3. be made of 由……构成 think about = consider 考虑
　　4. such as 例如 in my opinion = I think 我认为...
　　5. at the same time 同时 communicate with 与……沟通
　　6. in the future 在未来 each other = one another 互相;彼此
　　7. in the world = all over the world 全世界
　　8. at the moment = now = at present 现在
　　9. the answer to this question 这个问题的答案
　　10. be unaware of = not know about 不知道;未察觉
　　11. be able to = can 会;能;可以 be good at = do well in 擅长于……
　　12. be dependent on = depend on 依赖于
　　13. be short of = not enough 缺少的;不够的 be short for 缩写;简称

三、句型结构：
　　1. send sth. to sb. = send sb. sth. 送给某人某物
　　2. help sb. do sth. 帮助某人做某事 help sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人
　　help oneself to + 食物 请自用 with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
　　can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事
　　3. use sth. for doing sth. = use sth. to do sth.= do sth. with sth. 用某物做某事
　　4. give sth. to sb.= give sb. sth. 给某人某物
　　5. pay attention to doing 注意做某事
　　6. prefer A to B = like A better than B 比起B来更喜欢A
　　Kate prefers China to Japan. = Kate likes China better than Japan.
　　7. What''s the price of the books? = How much are the books?

四、语法：形容词的比较等级
　　形容词比较级和最高级
　　绝大多数形容词有三种形式：原级、比较级和最高级
　　形容词的比较级和最高级: 形容词的比较级和最高级形式是在形容词的原级形式的基础上变化的。分为规则变化和不规则变化。
　　形容词的比较级和最高级的规则变化如下:
　　1) 通常在单音节词尾加 -er 和 -est：great (原级) greater greatest
　　2) 以 -e 结尾的单音节词在词尾加 -r 和 -st: wide (原级) wider widest
　　3) 以 辅音字母 + y 结尾的形容词,把 y 改i再加 -er 和-est:
　　happy: happier happiest easy: easier easiest early: earlier earliest
　　4) 以一个元音字母 + 一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节词，双写该辅音字母后再加 -er和
　　-est： big (原级)：bigger biggest sad: sadder saddest
　　5) 以后缀 -ful、 -less、 -ing、 -ed、 -ly等结尾的双音节词，在其前加more 和 most：
　　helpful: more helpful most helpful helpless: more helpless most helpless
　　boring: more boring most boring worried: more worried most worried
　　tired: more tired most tired friendly: more friendly most friendly
　　6) 在多音节词其前加 more 和most:
　　beautiful: more beautiful most beautiful
　　difficult: more difficult most difficult
　　important: more important most important
　　7) 以 -w 结尾的词在其词后加 -er 和-est: new: newer newest few: fewer fewest
　　形容词前如加 less 和 least 则表示"更不"和"最不"
　　important 重要 less important 更不重要 least important 最不重要
　　不规则变化的形容词的比较级和最高级须特殊牢记:
原级　　　　　 比较级　　　 最高级
good/ well　 better best
bad/ ill/ badly　 worse　 worst
old older/elder oldest/eldest
much/many more most
little less least
far farther farthest(多指距离、路程)
　　 further furthest(多指时间)
　　1、形容词原级用法：
　　1)、 too/ very/ quite/ so/ rather + 原级
　　2)、 原级 + enough 足够...
　　3)、 as + 原级 + as 与...一样...
　　4)、 A not as/ so + 原级 + as B A 不如/不及 B...
　　Tom is not as tall as Jim. Tom不如Jim高.(Tom比Jim矮/ jim比Tom高)
　　= Tom is shorter than Jim. = Jim is taller than Tom.
　　Mary is not so beautiful as Jane. Mary不如Jane漂亮。(Jane比Mary漂亮)
　　= Mary is less beautiful than Jane.
　　= Jane is more beautiful than Mary.
　　2、形容词比较级的用法:
　　形容词的比较级用于两个人或事物的比较,其结构形式如下:
　　1)、 比较级 + than
　　Kate is taller than Jenny.
　　This picture is more beautiful than that one.这张照片比那张照片漂亮.
　　This meeting is less important than that one. 这次会议不如那次会议重要.
　　2)、 比较级 and 比较级 越来越... More and more + 多音节词原形 越来越...
　　fatter and fatter 越来越胖 taller and taller 越来越高
　　more and more beautiful 越来越漂亮 more and more important 越来越重要
　　3)、 the 比较级 + (句子)，the 比较级 + (句子) 越...就越...
　　The more we do sports, the healthier we are. 我们越运动，我们就越健康.
　　The more careful we are, the fewer we ma