小升初英语知识点归纳总结(1).doc

小学英语知识点汇总
  一、名词复数规则
1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
2.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries
4.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如:knife-knives
5.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
写出下列各词的复数
I _________him _________this ___________her ______watch _______
child _______photo ________diary ______day________ foot________
book_______ dress ________tooth_______ sheep ______box_______
strawberry _____peach______ sandwich ______dish_______bus_______
man______ woman_______

二、一般现在时
1.一般现在时表示经常或习惯性的动作，也可表示现在的状态或主语具备的性格和能力。
2.一般现在时中，没有be动词和情态动词，主语为第三人称单数的肯定句，动词要按规则加上s，主语是非第三人称单数的肯定句，动词用原形。
3.在一般现在时中，句中有be动词或情态动词时，否定句在be动词和情态动词后加not，一般疑问句将be动词或情态动词放在句首。
 4.在一般现在时中，句中没有be动词或情态动词时，主语为第三人称单数的否定句在动词前加does+not (doesn’t)，一般疑问句在句首加does，句子中原有动词用原形;主语为非第三人称单数，否定句用do+not (don’t)，一般疑问句在句首加do，句子中动词用原形。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下，直接加-s， 如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2 .以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，
如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es， 如:study-studies

一般现在时基本用法介绍
【No. 1】一般现在时的功能
1.表示事物或人物的特征、状态。如:The sky is blue.天空是蓝色的。
2.表示经常性或习惯性的动作。如:I get up at six every day.我天天六点起床。
3.表示客观现实。如:The earth goes around the sun.地球绕着太阳转。
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语 be(am,is,are) 其它。如:I am a boy.我是一个男孩。
2.行为动词:主语 行为动词( 其它)。如:We study English.我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she,it)时，要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。
如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
【No. 2】一般现在时的变化
1. be动词的变化。
否定句:主语 be not 其它。如:He is not a worker.他不是工人。
一般疑问句:Be 主语 其它。如:-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, I'm not.
特殊疑问句:疑问词 一般疑问句。如:Where is my bike?
2.行为动词的变化。
否定句:主语 don't( doesn't ) 动词原形( 其它)。如:I don't like bread.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用doesn't构成否定句。如:He doesn't often play.
一般疑问句:Do( Does ) 主语 动词原形 其它。如:
- Do you often play football?- Yes, I do. / No, I don't.
当主语为第三人称单数时，要用does构成一般疑问句。如:
- Does she go to work by bike?- Yes, she does. / No, she doesn't.
动词 s的变化规则
1.一般情况下，直接加-s，如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾，加-es，
如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母 y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如:study-studies
用括号内动词的适当形式填空。
1. He often ________(have) dinner at home.
2. Daniel and Tommy _______(be) in Class One.
3. We _______(not watch) TV on Monday.
4. Nick _______(not go) to the zoo on Sunday.
5. ______ they ________(like) the World Cup?
6. What _______they often _______(do) on Saturdays?
7. _______ your parents _______(read) newspapers every day?
8. The girl _______(teach) us English on Sundays.
9. She and I ________(take) a walk together every evening.
10. There ________(be) some water in the bottle.
11. Mike _______(like) cooking.
12. They _______(have) the same hobby.
13. My aunt _______(look) after her baby carefully.
14. You always _______(do) your homework well.
15. I _______(be) ill. I’m staying in bed.
16. She _______(go) to school from Monday to Friday.
17. Liu Tao _______(do) not like PE.
18. The child often _______(watch) TV in the evening.
19. Su Hai and Su Yang _______(have) eight lessons this term.
20. -What day _______(be) it today? - It’s Saturday

三、现在进行时
1.现在进行时表示现在正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示当前一段时间内的活动或现阶段正在进行的动作。
2.现在进行时的肯定句基本结构为be+动词ing.
3.现在进行时的否定句在be后加not。
4.现在进行时的一般疑问句把be动词调到句首。
5.现在进行时的特殊疑问的基本结构为: 疑问词+ be+主语+ 动词ing?
动词加ing的变化规则
1.一般情况下，直接加ing，如:cook-cooking
2.以不发音的e结尾，去e加ing，如:make-making, taste-tasting
3.如果末尾是一个元音字母和一个辅音字母，双写末尾的辅音字母，再加ing，如:run-running, stop-stopping
写出下列动词的现在分词:
play________ run__________ swim _________make__________
go_________ like________ write________ _ski___________
read________ have_________ sing ________ dance_________
put_________ see________ buy _________ love____________
live_______ take_________ come ________ get_________
stop_________ sit ________ begin________ shop___________
二、用所给的动词的正确形式填空:
1.The boy __________________ ( draw)a picture now.
2. Listen .Some girls _______________ ( sing)in the classroom .
3. My mother _________________ ( cook )some nice food now.
4. What _____ you ______ ( do ) now?
5. Look . They _______________( have) an English lesson .
6.They ____________(not ,water) the flowers now.
7.Look! the girls ________________(dance )in the classroom .
8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _________(listen ) to music.
9. It’s 5 o’clock now. We _____________(have)supper now
10.______Helen____________(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .

四、将来时理论及练习
一、概念:表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或预备做某事。
句中一般有以下时间状语:tomorrow, next day(week, month, year…),soon, the day after tomorrow(后天)等。
二、基本结构:①be going to do;②will do.
三、否定句:在be动词(am, is, are)l后加not或情态动词will后加not成won’t。
例如:I’m going to have a picnic this afternoon.→ I’m not going to have a picnic this afternoon.
四、同义句:be going to = will
1.be going to 表示将要发生的事或打算、计划、决定要做的事情。
2.肯定句:be going to +动词原形，
如:Jim is going to play football. 
否定句:be not going to +动词原形，如:Jim is not going to play football. 
一般疑问句:把be动词调到句首，如:Is Jim going to play football? 
特殊疑问句:疑问词+be+主语+going to+动词原形?如:What is Jim going to do? 
疑问词当主语时:疑问词+be+going to+动词原形?
如:Who is going to play football?
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
练习:填空。
1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。
I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.
I ________ have a picnic with my friends.
2.我们将要学习英语
We _____ _______ _________ learn English.
We ________ learn English.

五、一般过去时
1.一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的动作或存在的状态，常和表示过去的时间状语连用。一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作感谢。
2.Be动词在一般过去时中的变化:
⑴am 和is在一般过去时中变为was。(was not=wasn’t)
⑵are在一般过去时中变为were。(were not=weren’t)
⑶带有was或were的句子，其否定、疑问的变化和is, am, are一样，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑问句把was或were调到句首。
3.句中没有be动词的一般过去时的句子
否定句:didn’t +动词原形，如:Jim didn’t go home yesterday. 
一般疑问句:在句首加did，句子中的动词过去式变回原形。
如:Did Jim go home yesterday? 特殊疑问句:
⑴疑问词+did+主语+动词原形?如: What did Jim do yesterday?
 ⑵疑问词当主语时:疑问词+动词过去式?如:Who went to home yesterday?
动词过去式变化规则:
1.一般在动词末尾加-ed，如:pull-pulled, cook-cooked
2.结尾是e加d，如:taste-tasted
3.末尾只有一个元音字母和一个辅音字母的重读闭音节，应双写末尾的辅音字母，再加-ed，（辅+元+辅）如:stop-stopped
4.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的，变y为i，再加-ed，如:study-studied
5.不规则动词过去式: am,is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, sweep-swept, swim-swam, sit-sat

过去时练习
写出下列动词的过去式
is\am_________ plant________ are ________
drink_________ play_______ go________ make ________
does_________ dance________ worry________ ask _____
taste_________ eat__________ put ______
kick_________ pass_______ do ________
Be动词的过去时练习(1)
Name ____________ No. ______ Date __________
用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I _______ at school just now.
2. He ________ at the camp last week.
3. We ________ students two years ago.
4. They ________ on the farm a moment ago.
5. Yang Ling ________ eleven years old last year.
6. There ________ an apple on the plate yesterday.
7. There ________ some milk in the fridge on Sunday.
8. The mobile phone _______ on the sofa yesterday evening.
用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ an English teacher now.
2. She _______ happy yesterday.
3. They _______ glad to see each other last month.
行为动词的过去时练习(2)
用be动词的适当形式填空
1. I ______ (watch) a cartoon on Saturday.
2. Her father _______ (read) a newspaper last night.
3. We _________ to zoo yesterday, we _____ to the park. (go)
4. ______ you _______ (visit) your relatives last Spring Festival?
5. ______ he _______ (fly) a kite on Sunday? Yes, he ______.
6. Gao Shan _______ (pull) up carrots last National Day holiday.
7. I ____________ (sweep) the floor yesterday, but my mother ______.
8. What ______ she _______ (find) in the garden last morning? She __________ (find) a beautiful butterfly.

(二)小升初英语词类:
动词、名词和形容词不太容易区分，如不能一眼看出，可用如下方法:
先用“一(量词)”(如:一个、一张等)和这个词连起来说，如说得通，一般认为是名词;说不通再用“很”去判断，就是把“很”和为个词连起来说，说得通一般就是形容词;都说不通就是动词。(目前我们学过的，以后可能不同)(另外一些很明显的，如人称代词、数词、情态动词等一下就可以知道)
1、动词
这里所说的动词是指各种动词总称，其中包括行为动词(就是我们平时总说的那种动词)、be动词、情态动词。
(1)行为动词
就是我们平时上课时说的动词，表示某一动作或行为。如:sweep、live等。
行为动词我们已学过它们的四种形式:
原形、+s/es、+ed、+ing，具体判断方法如下:
↗有，就加ing
读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看有无be动词
(若是be going to 就用原形)
↘没有，再看情态动词
↗有，就用原形
↗有，就加ed
↘没有，再看有无表示过去的时间状语
↗是第三人称单数就加s或es
↘没有，再看主语
↘不是第三人称单数就用原形
(2)be动词
a、Am--was Is --was Are--were 口诀:我用am, 你用are, is用他她它，所有复数全用are。
b、肯定和否定句
 I am (not) from London. He is(not) a teacher.
She is(not) in the dining room.
My hair is(not) long. Her eyes are(not) small.
c、一般疑问句
 Am I a Chinese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.
Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.
Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.
我们现在学过的be动词大致分两类:is、am、are为一类，
一般用于一般现在时、现在进行时和一般将来时中，was和were为另一类，一般用于一般过去时。
判断步骤:
↗第一、三人称单数，就用was
↗有，再看人称
↘第二人称单数和所有复数，就用were
看有无表示过去的时间状语
↗第一人称单数，就用am
↘没有，再看人称→第三人称单数，就有is
↘第二人称单数和所有复数，就用are
用am, is, are 填空
1. I ______ a boy. ______ you a boy? No, I _____ not.
2. The girl______ Jack's sister.
3. The dog _______ tall and fat.
4. The man with big eyes _______ a teacher.
5. ______ your brother in the classroom?
6. Where _____ your mother? She ______ at home.
7. How _______ your father?
8. Mike and Liu Tao ______ at school.
9. Whose dress ______ this?
10. Whose socks ______ they?
(3)情态动词
情态动词也是一类特殊的动词，平时我们不把它说成是动词。情态动词可以和行为动词同时出现在同一个句子中。
我们现在学过的情态动词有:can、must、should、would、may。接触最多的是can。
情态动词后动词总是用原形。(不受其他任何条件影响)
2、名词
表示某一事物，有具体的和抽象的之分。判断的关键词往往是be动词，be动词如果是am、is或was，名词就用原形;be动词如果是are或were，名词就加s或es。
这里强调两点:不可数名词都默认为单数，所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判断，以免受误导。
如何加后缀:
a.一般情况下，直接加-s，如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds
b.以s. x. sh. ch结尾，加-es，如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches
c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾，变y为i, 再加-es，如:family-families,strawberry-strawberries 
d.以“f或fe”结尾，变f或fe为v, 再加-es，如:knife-knives
e.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, mouse-mice child-children foot-feet ,.tooth-teeth fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese
判断步骤:
↗如是am、is或was→原形 读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词
↘如是are或were→加s或es
3、形容词(包括副词)
形容词表示某一事物或的特征，副词表示某一动作的特征。 
形容词和副词只有两种形式:原形和+er。
未作比较的情况下就用原形，比较时就+er。
两个重要特征:as……as中间一定用原形，有than的时候一定+er。
4、人称代词和物主代词 
主格
you
I
he
she
it
we
they
宾格

形容词性物主代词

名词性物主代词

第一人称 I me we us my mine our ours
第二人称 you you you you your yours your yours
第三人称 he him they them his his their theirs she her her her sit it its its
人称代词:有主格和宾格之分。一般动词前用主格，动词后用宾格。
物主代词:有两类:形容词性物主代词(短的)和名词性物主代词(长的)
一般看后面有没有名词，如有，就用形容词性物主代词(短的);如无，就用名词性物主代词(长的)。
用所给词的适当形式填空
1. That is not ______ kite. That kite is very small, but ______ is very big. ( I )
2. The dress is _________. Give it to _________. ( she )
3. Is this _________ watch? (you) No, it’s not _________ . ( I )
4. ____ is my brother. ______ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are ________. ( he )
5、数量词
我们学过两类:基数词和序数词。基数用于表示数量多少，而基数词用于表示次序，常在日期中出现。
6、冠词
有a、an、the。a和an有具体的意思，一(个…)，the没有具体意思，有时翻译为这、那。确定用a、an还是the时可根据汉语意思。a和an的区别:an用于元音音素(一般就是元音字母aeiou)前，a用于辅音音素前。