新概念英语第3册第14课.doc

Lesson 14 A noble gangster
1. noble
adj. (nobler, noblest)
1. having fine personal qualities that people admire, such as courage, honesty and care for others崇高的；品质高尚的
e.g. (1) 伟大的领袖
a noble leader
(2) 他为了高尚的事业而牺牲。
He died for a noble cause.
2. belonging to a family of high social rank贵族的；高贵的
e.g. 出身高贵的人
a man of noble birth
adv. nobly ['nəubli]
n. a person who comes from a family of high social rank; a member of the nobility出身高贵的人；贵族成员
nobility [nəu'biliti] n. 1. (the nobility) 贵族
2. [u] (fml) the quality of being noble in character 高贵的品质
2. gangster ['gæŋstə] n. a member of a group of violent criminals匪徒；歹徒；土匪
e.g. 芝加哥的歹徒
Chicago gangsters
3. 在指时间或地点的名词之后，可用when和where表达定语从句中at which或in which的含义，如：
e.g. (1) 你能否提出一个对我们双方都方便的会面时间吗？
Can you suggest a time when/at which it will be convenient for both of us to meet?
(2) 她知道一处我们可在那儿找到野草莓的树林。
She knows a wood where/in which we can find wild strawberries.
只有当指时间或地点的名词/先行词在从句中起到时间状语或地点状语作用时，才可使用关系副词when或where引导的定语从句，如：
e.g. (1) 那是她所能找到的对我们双方都方便的会面时间。
That’s the time (which) she has found to be convenient for both of us to meet.
(2) 他告诉了她孩子们玩捉迷藏时发现的那个藏身之处。
He told her the hidden place (which) the children found while playing hide-and-seek.
虽然上两例中的先行词指时间和地点，但由于它们在定语从句中起到的是宾语作用（即指She has found the time to be convenient for both of us to meet和the children found the hidden place while playing hide-and-seek）,因此只能使用关系代词which/that引导这两个定语从句。
4. pay (paid, paid)
Vt. 支付，付钱给
e.g. 那条裙子你付了多少钱？
How much did you pay for that dress?
注：为某件东西或某项服务付钱用pay for
e.g. (1) 你付给面包师多少钱？
How much did you pay the baker?
(2) 我来付你修理费。
Let me pay you for the repair.
注：付某人钱用pay sb.,为某事付某人钱时用pay sb. for sth. 但付账单时用pay a bill, 如：
e.g. 我已付了账单。
I have paid the bill.
vi. 付款，交款
e.g. (1) 我将用支票付款。
I’ll pay by cheque.(AmE check).
(2) 杰克付了饮料钱。
Jack paid for the drinks.
n. 工资，薪金
e.g. (1) 酬金不少。
The pay is good.
(2) 她失去了三周的薪水。
She lost three weeks’ pay.
5. sum [sʌm] n.
1. [c, (of)] an amount (of money)金额
e.g. 我得花一大笔[大笔大笔的]钱才把它弄回来。
I had to spend a large sum/large sums of money to get it back.
2. the total produced when numbers, amounts, etc., are added together和；总数；总和
e.g. 6加4之和为10.
The sum of 6 and 4 is 10.
in sum (fml) used to introduce a short statement of the main points of a discussion, speech, etc.总之，总而言之
sum v. (-mm-)
sum up / sum sth up
to state the main points of sth in a short and clear form总结；概括 synonym: summarize
e.g. (1) 概括起来说，这一问题主要有三种解决办法。
To sum up, there are three main ways to deal with/solve the problem.
(2) 我能否把我们目前已经形成共识的问题作个概括？
Can I just sum up what we have agreed so far?
6. in return (for) 作为（…的）回报；作为（…的）交换。通常指被看作有同等价值或同等意义上的回报/交换，如：
e.g. (1) 对你的好意，他做了些什么呢？
What did he do in return for your kindness?
(2) 他们给予了我们极大的帮助，但我们真为拿不出什么来报答他们而感到遗憾。
They have helped us a lot, but we really feel sorry that we have nothing to give them in return.
7. protection [prə'tekʃən] n.
1. [u] the act of protecting or state of being protected保护；保障；庇护；防卫；抵御
e.g. 她那单薄的外衣不怎么御寒。
Her thin coat gave/provided little protection against the cold.
2. [u] also (protection money) (informal) (付给黑社会分子的)保护费
3. something that protects 保护物
e.g. 鞋是用来保护脚的。
Shoes are a protection for the feet.
v. protect (against, from) to keep safe, esp. by guarding or covering保护，维护，防护
e.g. (1) 这些珍禽受到专门法令的保护-它们是受保护的物种。
These rare birds are protected by special laws---they are protected species.
(2) 维护自己的名誉
to protect one’s reputation
(3) 戴墨镜可以保护眼睛不受阳光刺激。
Wearing dark glasses can protect your eyes from the sun.
8. prompt [prɔmpt] adj.
1. (of an action) done quickly, at once, or at the right time (行动)立刻的；迅速的；准时的
e.g. (1) 如蒙即期结账, 则不胜感激。
Prompt payment of bills is greatly appreciated.
(2) 他付房租从不拖延。
He is prompt in paying his rent.( 租金,租费)
(3) I can't understand it; he's usually very prompt.
我不明白这是怎么回事, 他通常很准时的。
adv. promptly
v. prompt v. to cause or urge促使；催促，引起
e.g. (1) 看到船使他想起遥远的故乡。
The sight of the ships prompted thoughts of his distant home.
(2) 他的答复促使我再提一个问题。
His reply prompted me to ask another question.
9. out of business 倒闭，破产
put v. to cause to be in the stated condition使处于（某种状态）
e.g. (1) 他把自己的书整理好了。
He put his books in order.
(2) 他那些乏味的课程总是使我昏昏欲睡。
His boring lessons always put me to sleep.
put sb. out of business 使……倒闭，破产
10. by destroying his shop 用捣毁他的商店的方法
在句中作方式状语，修饰动词put，介词by在这里为“以……方式”之意
destroy v. to damage (sth) so severely that it cannot be repaired; put an end to the existence of; ruin破坏，毁坏，摧残；消灭
e.g. 一场火毁坏了那座房屋。
A fire destroyed the house.
11. obtain v.
(rather formal) to become the owner of, esp. by means of effort or planning; get（较正式）（尤指通过努力或计划）获得，得到；赢得
e.g. 我终于设法弄到了这份报告的一个副本。I finally managed to obtain a copy of the report.
12. crime n.
1. 罪,罪行[C]
e.g. 谋杀罪 the crime of murder
2. 犯罪,违法犯罪活动[U]
e.g. 防止犯罪是警察的任务。
It is the job of the police to prevent crime.
3. 违反道德的行为,罪过[C]
e.g. 浪费食物是一种罪过。
It's a crime to waste food.
criminal ['kriminəl] n. a person who is guilty of crime犯人，罪犯[C]
e.g. 惯犯 a hardened (有经验的) criminal
adj. being a crime 犯罪的；犯法的
e.g. 犯罪行为：criminal behavior
13. as long ago as 追溯到……，早在……作时间状语，说明动作made 发生的时间，如：
e.g. 我早在1960年就认识他了。
I knew him as long ago as the year 1960.
14. Sir n. (a title used before the first name of a knight or baronet 用于男爵或从男爵名字之前的尊称)爵士(baronet ['bærənit] n. 从男爵) （knight n. (近代英国的)爵士）
e.g. 詹姆斯·威尔逊爵士 Sir James Wilson
詹姆斯爵士 Sir James （不能称Sir Wilson）
15. remarkable adj. (for) worth mentioning, esp. because unusual or noticeable (尤褒) 值得注意的；十分不平常的；出众的
Opposite: unremarkable
e.g. (1) 他是一位杰出的语言学家。
He is a remarkable linguist.
(2)非常壮观的日落（景象）a most remarkable sunset
(3) 芬兰以它的众多湖泊著称。
Finland is remarkable for the large number of its lakes.
adv. remarkably (used esp. with adjectives and adverbs 尤与形容词和副词连用) 不寻常地；突出地
e.g. (1) 他唱得特别好。
He sings remarkably well.
(2) 特别晴朗的一天。
a remarkably fine day
remark v. to say esp. sth that one has just noticed; give as an opinion谈到；说起
e.g. 他说天色不早了。
He remarked that it was getting late.
remark on/upon sth. (fml) to notice and say or write sth about (正式) 评论；谈论
e.g. 人人对他的缺席都评论了一番。
Everyone remarked on his absence.
remark n. [c, (about, on)] a spoken or written opinion; comment评论；意见
e.g. 不要对她的容貌胡乱品评。
Don’t make rude remarks about her appearance.
16. would rather…than… 宁可……也不……
此结构中的than是连词，引导省略部分内容的状语从句，如：
e.g. 我们都深信她一定会宁死不屈。
We’re all sure she would rather die than give up.
(此句实际为We’re all sure she would rather die than she would give up. 的省略形式)
用prefer to…rather than…结构也可表达would rather…than…结构的意义。
e.g. 她宁愿工作而不愿闲着。
She prefers to work rather than remain idle.
但只有当prefer后的宾语为动词不定式时，才可在其后使用rather than结构，如prefer后的宾语为名词或动名词形式时，只能用于prefer…to…结构。
17. band n.
1. a group of people formed for some common purpose and often with a leader一伙；一群，一帮，一队 e.g. 一伙强盗 a band of robbers
2. a group of musicians, esp. a group that play popular music (尤指演奏流行音乐的)乐队，乐团
e.g. 摇滚乐队 a rock band
18. settle v.
1. to start to live in a place定居
e.g. 他们结婚并在曼彻斯特附近定居。
They got married and settled near Manchester.
2. [I (with); T] to end (an argument, esp. in law); bring (a matter) to an agreement [尤指在法律上]解决（争端）；使（事情）得到解决：
e.g. 他们友好地解决了他们的争端[分歧]。
They settled their quarrel/differences in a friendly way.
3. to place (someone or oneself) so as to be comfortable使（某人或自己）舒适地处于，把…安顿于；安置于：
e.g. (1) 他安坐在椅子上闭目养神。
He settled back in his chair and closed his eyes.
(2) 她把小孩放在沙发上。
She settled the child on the sofa.
settle down v.
1. (settle sb. down) to (cause to) sit comfortably (使) 舒服地坐下
e.g. 她拿着一本书和一杯茶舒适地在椅子上坐下来。
She settled (herself) down in a chair with a book and a cup of tea.
2. to establish a home and live a quiet life.安顿下来，过安定的生活
e.g.他想结婚过安定日子。
He wants to get married and settle down.
3. [I] to become used to a way of life, job, etc. 习惯于某种生活方式或职业等
e.g. 他很快就习惯了新的学校。
He soon settled down in his new school.
4.[I (to)] to start giving one’s serious or whole attention to a job, activity, etc.开始专心于（某项工作、活动等）；认真地着手去做（某事）
e.g. 我必须安下心来做家庭作业。
I must settle down and do my homework.
19. make a name for oneself 使自己成名，多用于口语中。
e.g.你要在舞台上出人头地很难，那儿的竞争太激烈了。
It’s difficult to make a name for yourself on the stage, where the competition is so fierce.
20. came to be known 渐渐被知晓/称作
come/get +动词不定式结构 表示一种情况的变化过程，表示出“逐渐”的含义。在汉语译文中，有时并不一定译出来，如：
e.g. (1) 总有一天她会为她今日的所作所为而感到羞愧。
She will come to be ashamed of what she has done today.
(2) 他们对这一问题逐渐有了较深的理解。
Soon they’re getting to have a better understanding of the problem.
Be known to sb.为某人所知
当to后为“某地”时，则表示“文明于某地” 之意，如：
e.g. (1) 你的邻居是警察熟悉的人物，所以你最好对他留神点。
Your neighbour’s known to the police, so you’d better keep an eye on him.
(2) 这家人在这一地区很出名。
The family is quite known to the area.
Be known as…/be known for…都可用来表示“以…而出名”但它们在含义和用法上有所不同。
be known as…后的介词宾语与主语为同位语成分
be known for…后的介词宾语则为主语的所属内容
(1) 当主语为表示人的名词时，be known as…表示“以某种身份而出名”而be known for…则表示“以某种技能、作品或特征等而出名”，比较：
e.g. 爱迪生以一位伟大的发明家而著称。
Edison was known as a great inventor.
爱迪生以其发明天赋而闻名。
Edison was known for his inventive talent.
(2) 当主语为表示地点的名词时，
be known as…表示“以…的产地或地方而出名”
be known for…则表示“以…特产而出名”，比较
e.g. 这个地区是以绿茶产地而出名。
The area is known as a green tea producing region.
这个地区以其绿茶而闻名。
The area is known for its green tea.
(3) 当主语为事物名词时，
be known as…表示“以…形式而出名”
be known for…则表示“以…内容、特征、价值等而为人所知”
e.g. 这本书作为参考用书使用。
This book is known as a reference book.
这本书以其实用性而为人所知。
This book is known for its practical usage.
21. be at war with~ 与…处于战争状态
22. hire v.
1.(esp. BrE) to get the use of (something) for a special occasion or a limited time on payment of a sum of money [尤英]租用
e.g. 我们在意大利时租了一辆汽车用了一个星期。
We hired a car for a week when we were in Italy.
2. a. to employ (someone) for a short time or for a particular purpose[为某一目的短期]雇佣(某人) e.g. 雇佣杀手 a hired killer
b. (esp. AmE) to employ or appoint to a job[尤美]雇人做某事，聘任
hire sth./sb. out v. (~to)
1. to give the use of (sth.) for payment 出租
e.g. 他把车租给了邻居。
He hired out his car to his neighbour.
2. to give the use of (oneself or one’s services) for payment受雇
e.g. 收割季节出卖劳动力的农场劳工
farm labourers who hire themselves out for the harvest
hire n. [u]
1. (esp. BrE) the act of hiring or state of being hired [尤英]租用，雇用；出租，受雇
2. payment for this租金；工钱
23. be willing to do 愿意做某事；乐意做某事
e.g. 他很乐意照我索要的价付钱。
He’s quite willing to pay the price I ask.
24. demand v.
1. to ask for firmly and not be willing to accept a refusal; claim as if by right要求；强求
e.g. (1) 我要求（向我）道歉！
I demand an appology!
(2) 她要求跟经理谈话。
She demanded to speak to the manager.
2. to need urgently 急需
e.g. 这件工作急需你立即处理。
This work demands your immediate attention.
3. (of) to need (effort, hard work, etc.) in order to be successful; require需要，要求(努力、勤奋等)
e.g. 他的工作要求个人做出许多牺牲。
His work demands many personal sacrifices.
n. demand
1. [c, (for)] an act of demanding; claim 要求；请求
e.g. 这个工作要花我很多时间。
This work makes great demands on my time. (=takes up a lot of my time)
2. (for) 需要；需求；销路
e.g. 她的书目前销路很好。
Her books are in great demand at the moment.
25. in time(s) of 在…时期，如：
e.g. 即使在困难时期，他仍对那项计划很热情。
He was still enthusiastic for the scheme even in times of difficulty.
in times of peace在和平时期
26. march v.
1. [I] to walk with firm regular steps like a soldier(齐步)前进，行进
e.g. (1) 士兵们沿着大路齐步前进。
The soldiers marched along the road.
(2) 她气急了，大步走出去。
She was very angry and marched out.
2. [T] to cover (a distance) by marching走过，通过
e.g.日落时我们已经走了20英里。
We’d marched 20 miles by sunset.
march n.
1. [c;u] (an act of ) marching 行进，行军
e.g. 我们的部队在行军中。
Our armies are on the march.
2. [c] [一段时间进行的]路程
e.g. 我们离目的地有一天的行程。
Our destination is a day’s march away.
3. [c] 游行，示威
e.g. 群众和平游行 a peace march
27. burn down v.
[I; T](=burn sth down) to destroy (usually a building) or be destroyed by fire[常指建筑物]全部（被）焚毁：
e.g. 那座楼烧得只剩下灰烬。
The building (was) burnt down and only ashes were left.
28. offer v.
1) vt. 给予；提供
e.g. (1) 晚会上不提供含酒精的饮料。
No alcohol was offered at the party.
(2) 他们出价1000美元要买他的马。
They offered him $1000 for his horse.
2) vt. 表示愿意，提议：（+to do）表示愿意（做某事）
e.g. (1) 我愿意回答他们可能提出的任何问题。
I offered to answer any questions they might have.
(2) 她表示愿意开车送我去车站。
She offered to drive me to the station.
3) n. 提供（物），提议：
e.g. (1) 他接受了我的提议。
He accepted my offer.
(2) 我主动提出给他吃的和喝的。
I made him an offer of food and drink.
30. a sort of 类似…的人物/东西
e.g. 能听到隔壁房间有类似咳嗽的声音。
A sort of coughing noise could be heard in the next room.
Dictionary: a sort of (adj.) a faint, unexplained, or unusual kind of 难以说得清的，某种：
e.g. 我有某种感觉你会那样说的。
I had a sort of (a) feeling you’d say that.
a sort of hero 某种英雄
31. at the age of … 在…岁时
32. funeral n.
a ceremony, usually religious, of burying or burning a dead person. [一般为宗教的]葬礼，丧礼；追悼仪式：
e.g. 那位老妇人的葬礼在当地的教堂举行。
The old lady’s funeral was held at the local church.
33. dedicate v. [T]
1. to give to a holy purpose, often with a solemn ceremony (为一神圣目的而) 供奉；奉献
e.g. 新教堂的奉献仪式将在星期日举行。
The new church will be dedicated on Sunday.
dedicate sb./sth. to (prep.) sb./sth. v. [T]
to give completely to (a particular cause, purpose, or action); devote to致力于，献身于
e.g. (1) 杰克为英语教学奉献了他的一生。
Jack dedicated his life/himself to English teaching.
(2) 这座纪念碑为纪念为国捐躯者而建造。
The monument is dedicated to the memory of those who died in the defence of the country.
2. to declare (a book, performance, etc.) to be in honour of (a person) 把（作品等）献给（某人）
e.g. 他把自己的第一部著作献给母亲。
He dedicated his first book to his mother.
n. dedication 1. [c; u] the act of dedicating奉献；献身 2. [c; u] 献身精神
adj. dedicated adj. (to) (esp. of people) very interested in or working very hard for an idea, purpose, etc. (尤指人)忠诚的，热忱的；一心一意的
e.g. (1) 她对工作专心致志。
She’s very dedicated to her work.
(2) 一名富于献身精神的医生 a dedicated doctor
34. valiant (also valorous) adj.
esp. (fml or lit) very brave, esp. in war; heroic (尤指在战争中) 英勇的，勇敢的
e.g. 英勇的抵抗 valiant resistance
adv. valiantly
35. notable adj. (~for)
deserving to be noticed or given attention; important or excellent; outstanding值得注意的；显著的；显要的；著名的
e.g. (1) 重要事件 notable events (2) 显著的改进 a notable improvement
(3) 这个地区以其宜人的气候著称。
The area is notable for its pleasant climate.
notable n. [usually pl.] a famous or important person. 著名人士；显要人物
notably adv.
1. especially; particularly格外地；特别地
e.g. 许多会员缺席，特别是连副主席也没有到。
Many members were absent, notably the vice-chairman.
2. noticeably 显著地；引人注目地
e.g. 显著增长的销售额 notably higher sales
36. Signor n. (used as a title for an Italian speaking man用来称呼讲意大利语的男人) 阁下，先生，君
Signora n. (used as a title for a married Italian-speaking woman用来称呼讲意大利语的已婚女人) 夫人，太太
Signorina n. (used as a title for an unmarried It