新概念英语第三册笔记第47课上课教案.doc

Lesson 47 Too high a price 代价是否太高
New words and expression 生词和短语
pollution n..污染
相应词型: pollute, polluted, pollution, polluter
air pollution water pollution noise pollution information pollution
pollutant n.污染物 chemical pollutant
pollute v.污染
More and more water is been polluted.
Pollution is the major problem we are faced with.
Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution.
eg. Peking is heavily polluted. pollute one's mind 污染心灵
polluter A polluter is someone or something that pollutes the environment. 污染者; 污染源
innocent adj.无害的，无污染的 an innocent glass of water

overpopulated adj.人口多的 overpeopled
populate v.居住于 If an area is populated by certain people or animals聚居; 栖息
eg. The north-east of the U.S.A is populated mainly by farmers.美国东北部的居民主要是农民。
densely populated人口多的（人口密度过大的）/heavily populated /thickly populated /over populated
sparsely populated [‘spɑ:sli] 人口稀少的 稀疏地；贫乏地 /thinly populated /under populated
shift population流动人口 population explosion 人口爆炸
sparsely-populated community 人口稀疏的地区== sparsely-peopled
population 人口数量
What’s the population in your country? The city has a population of two million.
populous [‘pɒpjələs] adj. 正式，强调一个地区人口众多，拥挤
The narrow street is populous with people.
The most populous province in China is SiChuan.

over-industrialized adj.过度工业化的
commercialization 商品化
-(z)ation …化
industrialization 工业化 denationalization私有化 desertification沙漠化

sheer [ʃɪə(r)] adj.纯粹的，不掺杂的 （只做定语）
1. pure unmixed 纯粹的 [ADJ n] [强调]
2. steep [sti:p] 陡峭的; 完全垂直的
It is very difficult for us to climb sheer mountain. The cliff is so sheer that you can’t climb it.
3. complete完全的What are you talking about sheer nonsense?
4. Transparent [træns’pærənt]透明的 ladies and girls would like to wear sheer silk stockings.
sheer luck实在是运气 sheer stupidity 太蠢了
the sheer weight 净重 the sheer size净尺寸 the sheer volume总体积
(use to emphasize how heavy or big something is)
eg. The sheer area of China is bigger than the whole Europe.
mere 仅仅 （程度低）
a mere 20 miles 仅20英里 a mere child

worldwide adv.在全世界 （adj. 全世界的adv. 在世界各地）
nationwide adj.全国范围的，举国上下的
world wide web 万维网

overwhelm [,əʊvə’welm] v.制服，使不知所措 (淹没；压倒；受打击；覆盖；压垮)
1、(强烈地影响而) 使不知所措 If you are overwhelmed by a feeling or event, it affects you very strongly,
2、彻底制服; 击败 If a group of people overwhelm a place or another group, they gain complete control or victory over them.
He was overwhelmed by grief.悲伤至极 Grief seized him.
Your kindness quite overwhelms me. （I appreciates your kindness.）
The problem overwhelmes (is beyond/above) me.
辨析： conquer征服，占领，克服 He conquered the city.
口头上表达克服困难：overcome, get rid of (difficulties)
be overwhelmed with sorrow不胜悲伤 be overwhelmed with his generosity 不胜感激（对他的慷慨）
overwhelming majority 压倒多数 overwhelming victory 压倒性的胜利

pollute v.污染

pesticide n.杀虫剂
-cide -icide 杀死
Genocide [‘dʒenəsaɪd]种族灭绝 犹太人，塞黑，卢旺达
Suicide insecticide [ɪn’sektɪsaɪd] 杀虫剂 herbicide [‘hɜ:bɪsaɪd] 除草剂
Herb [hɜ:b] 草本植物，香草，草药 herbal adj. 草药的；草本的 herbal essence草本精华
Chinese herbal prescription中草药组方

fertilizer n.肥料 （（天然或化学的））
fertilize vt 施肥；使受精; 使授粉
词根： fertile
adj. fertile 富饶的，肥沃的；能生育的
n. fertility 多产；肥沃；[农经] 生产力；丰饶
fertilizer [肥料] 肥料；受精媒介物；促进发展者==fertiliser 化肥（等于fertilizer）
fertilisation 受精（等于fertilization）；施肥
fertile soil肥沃的土壤
fertile imagination 丰富的想象力 fertile mind活跃的思维 fertile brain活跃的大脑
productive adj.高产量的
a productive hen a productive writer
<-> sterile [‘steraɪl] adj.贫瘠的 (不育的；无菌的；贫瘠的；不毛的；)

salmonella [,sælmə’nelə] n.沙门氏菌 通常寄居在人或动物肠道内。它主要污染动物性食品，包括禽畜类、蛋类、奶类及其制品。如果没有彻底加热，则可能感染。
fungus [‘fʌŋɡəs] n.菌，真菌，菌类植物 术语，菌类
edible fungus 食用菌；木耳 chinese caterpillar fungus 冬虫夏草
Edible  [‘edəbl] adj.可食用的、适宜食用的 Edible Mushroom 食用菌
Inedible  adj.不可以吃的、不适宜食用的
disinfectant [,dɪsɪn’fektənt] n.杀菌剂
bacteria (系bacterium的复数形式)，泛指任何在动植物体中广泛传播的微生物细菌，其中有的对生命体无害，有的能导致传染病或严重疾病，如天花、霍乱等。 n.病菌，细菌
germ [dʒɜ:m] 微生物的俗称，专指引起人体生命的病菌。 n.病菌
virus 技术用语，特指病毒或过滤性病原体。 n.病毒，（引起传染病）
bug 非正式用词，指细菌或由病毒所引起的传染病。
microbe [‘maɪkrəʊb] 本义指在显微镜下才能见到的微生物，现在多指引起疾病的细菌。 n.微生物
Musty ['mʌstɪ] a.陈腐的，落伍的；发霉的，有霉味的 在发霉的意义上==mouldy
Mould [məʊld] n. 模具，铸模；（人的）个性，类型；霉，霉菌；耕作土壤，腐殖土
v. （用模具）浇铸，塑造；对……施加影响；将…塑造成；紧贴于，吻合（轮廓）；使长霉
词根： mould adj. mouldy 发霉的；旧式的；腐朽的
musty rooms musty book musty bread musty food
stale ：[steɪl] 陈的 （not fresh） 食物，空气，地方，活动，主义等不新鲜，缺乏新鲜感等
stale bread 陈的面包 a stale job 乏味的工作
stereotyped adj. 老一套的，过了时的 routine adj. 平淡乏味的

listeria [lɪ’stɪriə] n.利斯特杆菌 是产生致命性细菌食物中毒的原因之一
李斯特菌在环境中无处不在，在绝大多数食品中都能找到李斯特菌。肉类、蛋类、禽类、海产品、乳制品、蔬菜等都已被证实是李斯特菌的感染源。
E.coli 大肠杆菌 大多数肠道杆菌是正常菌群。当免疫力降低(老人小孩)，成为条件致病菌而引起疾病
常在肉类、乳品、生蔬菜、海鲜等食物中出现。

vegetarian n.吃素的人
n. vegan （英）严格的素食主义者 [‘vi:ɡən]
vegetarianism [,vedʒə’teəriənɪzəm]素食主义
vegetation: plants in general 植物，草本
vegetable n.蔬菜 human vegetable 植物人
carnivorous [kɑ:’nɪvərəs] adj. 食肉的；肉食性的

organically-grown adj.有机培植（不施化肥和其他化学药品培植）
organic adj.有机的 organic vegetables
green food: unpolluted food
organ n.
1) 器官 internal organs 内部器官 （组织或者人体 digestive organs digest vt 消化 digestion 消化
2) organization 机构 the organ of government
3) 风琴；管风琴

insidious [ɪn’sɪdiəs] adj.暗中为害的（to cause serious harm without being noticed阴险的;隐伏的;暗中为害的）
insidious enemies 暗中的敌人 insidious obstacles 隐藏的障碍 insidious disease 隐患

urban adj.城市的
Urb=city urban adj. 城市的，都市的 urbanize 城市化 urbanization 都市化；文雅化
Rural ['rʊər(ə)l] adj. 农村的，乡下的；田园的，有乡村风味的
Rustic ['rʌstɪk] adj. 1、乡村的；2、纯朴的，质朴的；3、粗野的；手工粗糙的 n. 乡下人；乡巴佬
Downtown a.&ad在市中心，往市中心(尤指商业中心区) n.市中心区;（市中）商业区 美式英语
Uptown adj.&adv在(或向)市郊住宅区的;市郊住宅区的;富人区的 n. 住宅区，远离商业区的市区

burglar n.窃贼
各类小偷
pickpocket 扒手 burglar 入室窃贼 shoplifter 商店窃贼 thief 小偷（泛指）
其他罪犯
smuggler 走私犯 kidnapper 绑匪 hijacker 劫机犯 pirate 海盗
burglar 指夜间撬窗破门行窃的人。
gangster 指结伙进行各种非法活动的武装歹徒。
thief 普通用词含义广泛，一般专指盗窍者。
bandit 指在乡间或小林地区结帮活动，使用恐吓或暴力行窃的人。现指有组织或单独进行抢窃的盗匪。
robber 指以暴力或威胁等手段强行夺取他人财物的人。

burgle v.入室偷窃 (vt. 偷窃，破门盗窃vi. 偷窃，破门盗窃)
burgle into a house

scream v.尖叫
scream at

profound [prəˈfaʊnd] adj.极度的 (adj.极度的，深度的，深远的)
替换词：
deep, complete Yesterday he had a profound sleep.
intense, extreme He is afflicted with profound anxieties.
Knowledgable He is a profound scholar.
profound, deep
这组词都有“深的”的意思，其区别是：
profound 语气较强，较为庄重，多指抽象的事物，多用于比喻。
deep 普通用词，指由上到下，或由表及里的深度，可指具体或抽象事物。
have a profound influence on
eg. Education has profound influence on children.
profound impression 深刻的印象 profound sorrow 深深的悲痛
profound sleep 熟睡 profound idea 深刻地想法 profound silence 极其宁静
a profound apology 由衷的歉意 a profound bow 深深地鞠了一躬

irritation n.烦躁
irritate [ˈɪrɪteɪt] 使烦躁 (激怒；刺激) noises always irritate us.
1、If something irritates you, it keeps annoying you. 激怒
2、If something irritates a part of your body, it causes it to itch or become sore. 刺激
irritated 感到烦躁的 irritating 令人烦躁的
词根： irritate
adj. irritating 刺激的；气人的；使愤怒的
irritated 恼怒的，生气的
irritant 刺激的；刺激性的
irritative 刺激的；刺激性的；使发怒的
n. irritation 刺激；刺激物；激怒；兴奋
irritant [医] 刺激物，[医] 刺激剂
irritability 过敏性；易怒；兴奋性
trouble 指给人在行动上带来不便或在身心上造成痛苦。
annoy 强调因被迫忍受令人不快、讨厌的事而失去平静或耐心，多指一时的打拢或恼怒。
disturb 较正式用词，多用被动态。指拢乱，使人不能平静或妨碍别人工作、思维或正常秩序，是程度较深的烦恼。
bother 指使人烦恼而引起的紧张不安或感到不耐烦。
irritate 语气比annoy强得多，指激怒，使发怒，多指一种短时间的反应。

incessantly [ɪnˈsesntli] adv.连续不断的
perpetual struggle, permanent job, eternal love, continuance rain, continual, continually, constant struggle
incessant [ɪnˈsesnt] =continuous 侧重连续不断的 六级单词
It has been raining incessantly for 3 hours. There is a week of incessant rains.
ceaseless =endless, none stop, unbroken
uninterrupted adj. 不间断的；连续的 Undisturbed adj.镇定的；未被扰乱的；泰然自若的 也可引申出
Last night I had an uninterrupted party. He gave us a talk uninterrupted.
continuous a.不停的，连续不断的，强调中间不停顿。
Our homes and offices need a continuous supply of electricity.我们的家庭以及办公室需要不间断的供电。
constant a.不断的，经常的，强调始终如一地经常出现。
Everything in the universe is in constant motion.宇宙中的万物都在不断地运动。
continual a.连续不断的；频繁的。表示时断时续的发生。
That dog's barking is a continual annoyance.那条狗不停地叫，真是烦死人了。
incessant a.不停的，持续不断的，强调令人厌烦地重复出现，中间有可能有停顿。
Incessant noise makes me appreciate silence.持续不断的噪声骚扰使我喜欢安静的环境。

whine [waɪn] v.发呜呜声
1、vi&n 哀鸣 hing
or someone whines, they make a long, high-pitched noise,
2、vt&vi If someone whines, they complain in an annoying way about something unimportant. (为小事) 令人厌烦地抱怨 [表不满]
Whiny== whiney 烦躁的；爱抱怨的；常发牢骚的

helicopter n.直升飞机
helicopter 指直升飞机。
plane 本义为“平面”，在航空专业里通常用aeroplane。plane较通俗用词。
airplane 为美国英语的用词。
aeroplane 和airplane专指普通飞机，不包括helicopter(直升飞机)。aeroplane为英国英语的拼法。
aircraft 常用作集体名词，也可指一架飞机，其含义包括直升飞机和飞艇等。
jet 指喷气式飞机，也用jet plane

maximum [ˈmæksɪməm] adj.最大的 (Maximum is also a noun. 最大值)
vt. maximize 取…最大值；对…极为重视 maximise 把…增加到最大限度；尽量增大（等于maximize）
n. maximization [数] 极大化，最大化
minimum [ˈmɪnɪməm] n. 最小值；最低限度；最小化；最小量 adj. 最小的；最低的
vt. minimize 使减到最少；小看，极度轻视
n minimization 减到最小限度；估到最低额；轻视

technology n.技术
technological 技术的；工艺的
technician 技师，技术员；技巧纯熟的人
这组词都有“技术”的意思，其区别是：
technique 多指具体的某种技术和技巧。
technology 含义比technique广泛，泛指生产工艺、科学技术。

contribution n.贡献
contribute v.捐献，贡献to give money, help, ideas or something
contribute money contribute food contribute clothing
eg. A large sum of money was contributed to the disaster-hit area from all walks of life.
contribute a suggestion 出了一个好建议
contribute a poem to the magazine 为一家杂志投了一篇诗稿
contribute to 有助于，促使
eg. Cigarette is major factor contributing to cancer.
attribute sth to sb/sth 把…归于
eg. The increase in birth rate is attributed to an improvement of medical care.
distribute sth among/to 分发
eg. Clothes and food had been distributed among refugees.
tribute n. 贡品
pay tribute to 对…表示感谢

mobile [ˈməʊbaɪl] adj.可移动的 (to move or travel easily可移动的；机动的；非固定的) n 手机、摩拜单车
1、可移动的 2、行动方便的（mobility N-U行动方便）（If you are mobile, you can move or travel easily from place to place）
3、流动性的 (指工作、住所或社会地位可变动的) （mobility N-UN 流动性 日本匠人精神？）
mobile phone移动电话 mobile library流动图书馆 mobile shop移动商店 mobile clinic移动诊所
automobile[ˈɔːtəməbiːl] 汽车
n. mobilization 动员；调动
vi. mobilize ['məʊbəlaɪz] 组织；动员起来mobilise 动员起来（等于mobilize）
vt. mobilize 动员，调动；集合，组织；使…流通；使…松动 mobilise 动员；调动；使流通

snore v.打鼾 （v./n.打鼾）
eg. My roommate's snore drives me nuts.
sniff v. breathe noisily 闻，嗅 (1/抽鼻子 (用来忍住哭声或表示不赞同)2/ (吸着气) 闻3/嗤之以鼻地说)
eg. The dog sniffed at the suspect sniff at my suggestion
snort v. 气呼呼的，（哼）喷气（1、vi&n喷鼻息 (有时表示不赞同或可笑/2、vt用鼻子吸食 (毒品)）
eg. He snorted that you can do as you please.

offender n.冒犯者
vi. offend 违反；进攻；引起不舒服
vt. offend 冒犯；使…不愉快
adj. offensive 攻击的；冒犯的；无礼的；讨厌的
n. offensive 攻势；攻击
offence== offense 犯罪；违反；过错；攻击；触怒；引起反感的事物
offensiveness 冒犯；令人讨厌；进攻
defend vt. 辩护；防护 vi. 保卫；防守
adj. defensive 自卫的；防御用的
defenseless 无防备的==defenceless （英）无防御的；无保护的
n. defense 防卫，防护；防御措施；防守；vt. 谋划抵御
defence 防御；防卫；答辩；防卫设备
defendant 被告
defender 防卫者，守卫者；辩护者；拥护者；卫冕者
defensiveness 防御；防御性
defenselessness 无防御

staggering adj.令人惊愕的
surprise, amaze, astonish, astound, astounding
surprised > astonished > amazed > astounded 感到惊讶（语气递增）
surprise（使人一愣）, astonish（和自己认为的有很大差距,大吃一惊，但没有惊叹的意思）, amaze（使人迷惑不解）, astound （震惊的难以置信）语气一个比一个强。
The old lady reported to the police and they felt astounded/found it staggering.
stagger：v. 摇晃，蹒跚
（(1、vi因生病、醉酒等) 摇晃地走; 蹒跚 2、vt使震惊 3、vt使错开 (假期或工作时间)）
-- He has practised the poem several times, so he has no cause to falter. 所以没有理由结巴。
Stammer [‘stæmə(r)] v.口吃, 结巴着说出, 结结巴巴地说
Falter vi.蹒跚而行蹒跚踉跄, 摇摆 Falter [‘fɔ:ltə(r)] v.支吾, 结巴说
= Stagger [‘stægə(r)] v.摇晃, 蹒跚, 交错, 摇摇摆摆 -- He faltered home.

trumpet [ˈtrʌmpɪt] v.吹号
n. 喇叭；喇叭声 vt. 吹喇叭；吹嘘 vi. 吹喇叭；发出喇叭般的声音
horn [hɔːn] (汽车等的) 喇叭；(牛、鹿等动物头上的) 角；号 (铜管乐器) vt. 装角于

partner n.伙伴
comrade 指具有共同的事业、利益关系相一致的人。
companion 指陪伴他人的人，即同伴或陪伴。
colleague 一般用于对同事的正式称呼，基本上专用在职业关系上。
partner 指事业中处于合伙关系的人，或指婚姻、游戏、跳舞中的另一方。
fellow 多用复数形式，指一块住、生活或同行共事的人。
associate 普通用词，侧重指在利害关系上密切相关。

Text 课文
Too high a price
He is so good a boy that we like him.
Too/so+形容词+a+名词+ to do
He is too young a baby to dress himself.=He is to young to dress himself.
how+形容词+a+名词= what + a +形容词+名词How fine a day it is!=What...

Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet. (背诵)
pay the price for 本意和抽象意义 pay…for…
I was blamed for being late.
Losing health is the price he paid for his hard work.

When you come to think about it, there are only four ways you can deal with rubbish: dump it, burn it, turn it into something you can use again, attempt to produce less of it.
利用支持句论述观点
Come to=get to
come to do sth: to begin to do sth
come to think about future come to like it eg. You’ve come to mean a lot to me!
做了four ways 的同位语
并列平行结构，突出deal with，处理，后面用动词而非名词。
There are some good ways to study English well: listen, speak, read, and write. 用语气强调study。
There are four good ways to study English: listening, speaking, reading and writing. 强调ways。
reuse it recycle it

(1)come doing sth 为现在分词作方式状语，说明come动作发生的方式
Torrents of water came rushing down from the mountains.山洪奔腾而来
He expects his wife to come running every time he wants something. 他希望妻子对他的每个要求都欣然顺从.
The children come running hotfoot when they hear tea is ready.  孩子们听说茶点已准备好了,便赶紧跑过来.
(2)come to do sth为动词不定式作目的状语，相当于come and do sth结构
What have they all come to do, here in the market - place ? "  他们都到这市场上来干嘛 呢 ? ”
We fervidly a zonal clients come to do business with us.  我们热切欢迎国内外新老客户前来洽谈业务.
You come to do explain it.  你来解释一下.

We keep trying all four methods, but sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide threatens to overwhelm us. (背诵)
The writer wants to illustrate if the volume of rubbish is growing everyday, we wouldn’t have a good way to solve the problem.
volume=amount n.体积，容积，音量
traffic volume交通容量 trade volume贸易容量 a novel in 3 volumes一本三卷册小说
threaten to do
The coming earthquake threatens the village.
promise 预测好的未来
threaten 预测恶运，坏兆头
Dark clouds threaten a heavy storm.
The sun promises a good day.
It is possible for a rubbish to destroy our world.
overwhelming: something is beyond your control
两自然段衔接自然，由rubbish引入其他污染。

Rubbish, however, is only part of the problem of polluting our planet.
part of ：部分, （前一般不加冠词）
--Only part of his story is true. 他的话有一部分是真实的
a good/large part of (a lot of more than half of sth)
一多半/多半
eg. A large part of the budget will be spent on advertisement.
part of me （在很难决断时）
eg. Part of me just wants to leave, but I know I’ll be unhappy if I do so. 我也想离开
parts of : 几部分，若干部分
--Parts of the log book were recognized. 航海日志的若干部分还是能被辨认出来的.
--Large parts of the house were destroyed in the fire.房屋的大部分在火灾中烧毁了。
无论是part of还是 parts of后面都要带单数名词

The need to produce ever increasing quantities of cheap food leads to a different kind of pollution. (背诵)
Ever increasing 不断增加的
不定式to做定语表示要发生的
lead to=result in/cause/bring about

Industrialized farming methods produce cheap meat products: beef, pork and chicken. The use of pesticides and fertilizers p