英语专八改错和翻译考试.doc

人文知识
1. _____is the world’s largest exporter of lamb and mutton.
A. New Zealand B. Australia C. Canada D. America

2. _____ is popularly known in the West as the Land Down Under.
A. Britain B. Canada C. Australia D. New Zealand

3. Shakespeare wrote all the following works EXCEPT _____
A. Hamlet B. King Lear C. Othello D. Wuthering Heights

4. Mark Twain is most famous for _____.
A. poems B. Novels C. Dramas D. science fiction

5. ____ was NOT written by Charles Dickens.
A. David Copperfield B. Oliver Twist C. Sons and Lovers D. A Tale of Two Cities

6. British prime minister normally serves a ____term.
A. two-year B. five-year C. four-year D. six-year

7. _____ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.
A. New England B. the South C. the West D. the Midwest

8. Semantics is the study of ____.
A. linguistic competence B. language functions C. meanings D. social behavior

9. Which of the following is not generally believed to be area of linguistics?
A. syntax B. semantics C. phonology D. etiology

10. TG grammar was advanced by_____
A. Searle B. Whorf C. Halliday D. Noam Chomsk

参考答案：
1~5： A C D B C
6~10：B A C D D

1 _____ is the world's largest exporter of lamb and mutton.
A. New Zealand B. Australia C. Canada D. America

2. _____ is popularly known in the West as the Land Down Under.
A. Britain B. Canada C. Australia D. New Zealand

3. Shakespeare wrote all the following works EXCEPT _____
A. Hamlet B. King Lear C. Othello D. Wuthering Heights

4. Mark Twain is most famous for _____.
A.poems B. Novels C. Dramas D. science fiction

5. ____ was NOT written by Charles Dickens.
A. David Copperfield B. Oliver Twist、C. Sons and Lovers D. A Tale of Two Cities

6. British prime minister normally serves a ____term.
A. two-year B. five-year C. four-year D. six-year

7. _____ is sometimes called the birthplace of America.
A. New England B. the South C. the West D. the Midwest

8. Semantics is the study of ____.
A. linguistic competence B. language functions C. meanings D. social behavior

9. Which of the following is not generally believed to be area of linguistics?
A. syntax B. semantics C. phonology D. etiology

10. TG grammar was advanced by_____
A. Searle B. Whorf C. Halliday D. Noam Chomsk

参考答案:
1~5: A C D B C
6~10:B A C D D

改错
练习题
About half of the infant and maternal deaths in developing countries could be avoided if women had used family planning methods to prevent high risk____1 pregnancies, according to a report publishing recently by the Johns Hopking University. ____ 2 The report indicates that 5.6 million infant deaths and 2,000,000 maternal Deaths could be prevented this year if women chose to have theirs children ____ 3 within the safest years with adequate intervals among births and limited their ____ 4 families to moderate size.This amounts to about half of the 9.8 million infant and 370.000 maternal deaths in developing countries, excluded China, estimated for this year by ____5 the United Nation’s Children’s Fund and the US Centers for Disease Control respectably. China was excluded because very few births occur in the high risk categories. ____6 The report says that evidences from around the world shows the risk of ____7maternal or infant ill and death is the highest in four specific types of ____8
pregnancy; pregnancies before the mother is 18 year old; those after the ____9 mother is 35 years old; pregnancies after four births; and those lesser than two years apart.____10

答案详解：
1. 将 had used 改为 used。
因为此句是虚拟语气,表示与现在事实相反,故条件从句中应使用一般过去时。例如:
Many would be wise if they did not think themselves wise. 许多人原本会成为聪明人-如果他们不自以为聪明的话。
2. 将 publishing 改为 published
report和publish时逻辑动宾关系,故应使用publish的过去分词短语来修饰report。例如:
Any discovery that we may make, however small, will remain acquired knowledge. 任何可能的发现,不管多么微不足道,都将成为知识宝库中的一部分。
3. 将 theirs 改为 their
4. 将 among 改为 between
在两次怀孕期间留出足够的间隔时间,故用between。
5. 将过去分词 excluded 改为介词 excluding
excluding意为“不包括……”
6. 将 respectably 改为 respectively
respectively 意为 “分别地 ”，符合句子的意思。而respectably意为“可敬的，值得尊敬地 ”。
7. 将 evidences 改为 evidence
evidence是不可数名词。
8. 将ill改为illness
9. 将 year 改为 years
10. 将 lesser 改为 less

It is difficult to think of a nation as an abstract collection of people
living on a patch of territory.
It is easier to think　of as a person.
This is why we sometimes call Great Britain                             __1__
"Britannia" and the United States "Columbia", and think of it as stately
women. We also use masculine symbols in our                               __2__
personification of nations. In 1712 John Arbuthont, a Scot,wrote a political
satire in that the characters were supposed                                    __3__
to be typical members of different nationalities. The Englishman was John Bull.
This name, which was sufficient flattering to be                               __4__
adopted generally, combined the most common English first name with a last name
indicated strength. John Bull is usually                                 __5__
pictured as a partly businessman with a Union Jack on his hatband.
After the American War of Independence began in 1783, the United    __6__
States was knownfor "Brother Jonathan". Jonathan was a biblical     __7__
name associated with simple people from rural areas, and it seemed fitting since
the United States is rural and unsophiscated, and
since                    __8__
American considered their type of simplicity a virtue compared to        __9__
the wickedness of European cities. It is possible, however, that the name was
originated with President George Washington, who would                  __10__
often say, when faced with a hard problem, "Let us consult Brother Jonathan",
referring to his secrectary, Johnathan Trumbull.　

答案详解：
1. of和as之间加上it.代替前文的a nation
2.it—both.指代上文的US和Great Britain
3.that—which
4.sufficient—sufficiently.修饰形容词用副词
5. indicated—indicating　
6.began—ended.根据历史知识，美国独立战争开始于1776年7月4日(《独立宣言》发表)，直到1783年英国正式承认美国独立才结束。
7. for—as.be known for意为“因......而众所周知”
8. is—was.美国过去曾是一个rural and unsophisticated的国家
9.to—pare to 意为“把......比作.......”compare with意为“与......比较，与.......匹敌，与......竞争”
10. 删掉name和originated之间的was

Ancient man attempted to change the weather by using magic.
While experience taught him this was impossible,                     __1__
he tried to forecast weather conditions. Even earlier in                 __2__
1000 B.C.there were weather seers in Babylon----and priests
clever enough to denounce as frauds those predicted               __3__
the weather a year in the advance. Some forecasters used             __4__
methods that seemed to take no connection with the actual       __5__
factors controlled the weather. Chickens and other animals       __6__
were sacrificed and their intestines poked to find signs
indicating rain and drought. Somewhat more scientific were       __7__
predictions based on vegetation:"Onion's skin very thin ,mild
weather coming in. Onion's skin thick and tough, coming
weather is cold and rough." Insects and animals were also        __8__
favorite weather clues: "Before the glowworm lights his lamp,     __9__
then the air is always damp ." "If spiders their cobwebs forsake ,
the weather will for certain break ." "If frogs remained in pools ,
the weather will be fine . If they were seen on rocks,                 __10__
rain and cold were due." It's difficult to say whether this rhyme
should be taken seriously : " Hark , I hear the asses bray .
Me thinks we'll have some rain today ."

答案详解:
1.While-When或After.本句的this指代的是to change the weather by using magic. when/after 引导时间状语
2.in-than.earlier是early的比较级,其后应有than
3.those之后加who.who引导定语从句
4. 删除advance前的the.in advance为习语
5. take-have.have connection with 为习语
6. controlled-controlling或在controlled前加that/which.controlling the weather 或that/which controlled the weather做定语修饰the actual factors
7. and-or.rain和draught只能是二者之一
8. 删除is.与上文平衡,均为省略句
9. before-when/if.条件句
10. will-would.if引导的是条件句用的是remained一般过去时来源
改错指导：常见典型语法错误
语言是评判作文的一个极其重要的因素。在实际的阅卷过程中，语法错误，尤其是较为严重的错误，是阅卷人员的主要“照顾点”，有时甚至是惟一的点；当然那样处理是有道理的，大家可以设想一下，一篇语法上漏洞百出、严重影响表达的作文又会有什么样的好内容呢？如果因为语言上的错误而导致失分，那将得不偿失。因此，认清各种各样的语法错误，尽可能地避免少犯，对于提高作文分是有极大的帮助的。现将我们在阅卷过程中所发现的大量语言错误逐一归类，抽出其中的典型错误，以警示大家，供参考。

1．句子成分残缺不全
We always working till late at night before taking exams.（误）
We are always working /We always work till late at night before taking exams（正）
We should read books may be useful to us. （误）
We should read books which may be useful to us. （正）

2．句子成分多余
This test is end, but there is another test is waiting for you. （误）
One test ends, but another is waiting for you. （正）
The driver of the red car was died on the spot. （误）
The driver of the red car died on the spot. （正）

3．主谓不一致
Someone/Somebody think that reading should be selective. （误）
Some think that reading should be selective. （正）
My sister go to the cinema at least once a week. （误）
My sister goes to the cinema at least once a week. （正）

4．动词时态、语态的误用
I was walking along the road, and there are not so many cars on the street. （误）
I was walking along the road and there were not so many vehicles on the street. （正）
We have little time to read some books which we interest. （误）
We have little time to read some books in which we are interested. （正）
I am a student who has studying in the college for two years. （误）
I have been studying in the college for two years（正）

5．词类混淆
It is my point that reading must be selectively. （误）
In my opinion, reading must be selective. （正）
Honest is so important for everyperson. （误）
Honesty is so important for everyone. （正）
The old man was hit by a car when he across the street. （误）
The old man was hit by a car when he was crossing the street. （正）

错误类型有以下几种：
1．主谓一致2．动词时态
3．动词语态：主动／被动语态
4．连接词／并列句／从句
5．比较级
6．虚拟语气
7．非谓语动词
8．代词与先行词的一致
9．倒装句语序
10．赘述
11．增添词
12．易混淆的词
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翻译
原文：
Opera is expensive: that much is inevitable. But expensive things are not inevitably the province of the rich unless we abdicate society's power of choice. We can choose to make opera, and other expensive forms of culture, accessible to those who cannot individually pay for it. The question is: why should we? Nobody denies the imperatives of food, shelter, defense, health and education. But even in a prehistoric cave, mankind stretched out a hand not just to eat, drink or fight, but also to draw. The impulse towards culture, the desire to express and explore the world through imagination and representation is fundamental. In Europe, this desire has found fulfillment in the masterpieces of our music, art, literature and theatre. These masterpieces are the touchstones for all our efforts; they are the touchstones for the possibilities to which human thought and imagination may aspire; they carry the most profound messages that can be sent from one human to another.
参考译文
聆听歌剧，无疑昂贵至极。但是，昂贵的事物并非必定属于富人的范畴，除非我们放弃社会的选择权。我们可以选择去使歌剧以及其他某些昂贵的文化形式也能为那些不具备个人支付能力的人所享受。但问题是，我们有必要这么做吗？没人会否认食物、居所、防护、健康与教育的不可或缺性。但即便是在史前时代的洞穴中，人类伸出手来，早就不单纯是为了吃、喝或搏杀，而且亦进行绘画创作。人类对于文化的冲动，通过形象思维和再现手段来表现并探索世界的欲望，乃亘古有之。在欧洲，这一欲望在我们的音乐、艺术、文学和戏剧杰作中寻找到了其实现形式。这些杰作构成了我们全部努力的试金石。作为试金石，它们能衡量出人类的思想和想象力所可能企及的程度。它们携带着最寓意深刻的主题，可在人类彼此间相互传递。
原文：
It seems as if a great deal were attainable in a world where there are so many marriages and decisive battles, and where we all, at certain hours of the day, and with great gusto and despatch, stow a portion of victuals finally and irretrievably into the bag which contains us. And it would seem also, on a hasty view, that the attainment of as much as possible was the one goal of man’s contentious life. And yet, as regards the spirit, this is but a semblance.
参考译文：
在这充满联姻婚嫁、决战厮杀的世界里，每天特定时刻，我们都欣然而又迅速地把一份食物一去不返地吞入包裹我们的皮囊。这个世界看上去似乎有很多东西都是可以得到的。猛然看来，尽可能地获取也成为纷繁人生的唯一目标。然而，对于精神世界来说，这只不过是表面现象。
原文:

只有在我过度劳累的时候,在我长时间不间断地工作的时侯，在我感到内心空虚、需要充实的时候，我才会感到寂寞。有时，外出演讲回来，见了许多人，讲了许多话，心中满是纷乱的体验需要整理，偶而也会觉得孤独。
于是有那么一会儿，我会感到整个房子非常大，空荡荡的。不知此时的自我又藏匿于何处。这时，我会给花草浇浇水，挨个瞅瞅，仿佛它们是活生生的人一样，或是喂喂两只小猫，亲手做顿饭菜，这样自我就慢慢地重新找回。
参考译文:

I am lonely only when I am overtired, when I have worked too long without a break, when for the time being I feel empty and need filling up. And I am lonely sometimes when I come back home after a lecture trip, when I have seen a lot of people and talked a lot, and am full to the brim with experience that needs to be sorted out.

Then for a little while the house feels huge and empty, and I wonder where my self is hiding. It has to be recaptured slowly by watering the plants, perhaps, and looking again at each one as though it were a person, by feeding the two cats, by cooking a meal.

写作
作文题目
It has recently been announced that a new restaurant may be built in your neighborhood. Do you support or oppose this plan? Why? Use specific reasons and details to support your answer.

参考范文
I can see both advantages and disadvantages to having a new restaurant built in our neighborhood. I’m worried about traffic and how it will affect our neighborhood. However, I think that it will benefit local businesses and increase appreciation for our neighborhood. Overall, I think it is a good idea.
Traffic congestion is always a concern when you build something new. Our streets are narrow, with parking on both sides. More cars traveling through the neighborhood could cause a lot of congesting. Traffic means parking problems, too. Our neighborhood has very few garages attached to the houses. Most of us depend on finding a space to park on the street. If the new restaurant is built, we’ll be competing for those spaces with the restaurant’s patrons. Plus, if the restaurant offers wallet parking, it’ll be even worse. Valet parkers work in teams to grab every possible space available on the street.
I'm also concerned about the type of patrons this new restaurant will bring into our neighborhood. A family restaurant wouldn’t be a problem. However, if it’s going have a bar and dancing, then there cou