初级中学英语同义句转换九种类型.doc

初中英语同义句转换的九种类型
★清华大学★英语系测试：为中小学生英语量身定做.

　　一、运用同义词（组）进行转换
　　 用同义词或同义词组对原句中的某些词或词组进行替换，注意转换后的词或词组的词形变化要与句子其他成分相适应。如：
　　 1. That day we could see flowers here and there.
　　That day we could see flowers __________.
　　 分析：答案为everywhere。everywhere与here and there都表示“到处”。
　　 2. The teacher always takes good care of the children in the school.
　　 The teacher always_______ ______the children well in the school.
　　分析：答案为looks after。take good care of与look after…well都表示“好好照顾”。
　　二、运用反义词（组）的否定式进行转换
　　即用反义词或词组的否定式表达与原句相同的意思，主要考查学生对反义词（词组）的积累和换位思维的能力。如：
　　 1. It’s clear that this visit is different from last time.
　　It’s clear that this visit is not the___ ___last time.
　　 分析：答案为same as。be different from意为“与……不同”；the same as意为“与……相同”，其否定式与be different from同义。
　　2. I think wealth is less important than health.
　　 I ___ think wealth is ___ important than health.
　　分析：答案为don’t，more。less important的意思是“没有（不及）……重要”；more important的意思是“（比）……更重要”，该结构与not连用，则表示“不比……更重要”。
　　 另外，有的反义词即使不与否定词连用，而只需改变句子结构也可构成同义句。如：
　　 He lent some money to his friend.
　　 He friend ___ some money ___ him.
　　 分析：答案为borrowed，from。borrow…from意为“向……借……”；lend…to意为“把……借给……”。两个结构意思相反，但若变换“借出者”与“借入者”的位置，则可转换为同义句。
　　 三、运用不同语态进行转换
　　即运用主动语态与被动语态的变化来转换同义词，但此时要特别注意时态、动词一致性。如：
　　1. Everyone should give back his library books on time.
　　 Library books should____ ____ ____ on time.
　　分析：答案为be given back。被动句中含有情态动词should，因此助动词用be。
　　 2. It is widely accepted that more people use computers in the world today.
　　Computers ____ widely ___ in the world today.
　　分析：答案为are，used。computers是复数名词，助动词用are。
　　四、非延续性动词与延续性动词的相互转换
　　即非延续性动词与延续性动词进行转换，此时往往会涉及时态的变化。如：
　　 1. The manager left two hours ago.
　　The manager _____ ____ ____ for two hours.
　　分析：答案为has been away。leave为非延续性动词，不能与for two hours这样的一段时间连用，而改成be away这样的延续性动词后，则可连用一段时间。
　　2. The film began five minutes ago.
　　The film has been _____ _____ five minutes.
　　分析：答案为on for。has been提示时态是现在完成时态，“for+时间段”表示“持续（一段时间）”，常用在含有现在完成时态的句子里。
　　3. Mr Li joined the Party twenty years ago.
　　Mr Li _____ _____ _____ the Party for twenty years.
　　 答案：has been in。短暂动词join，意为“参加、加入（组织，政党）”，不能与延续时间状语连用，与延续性时间状语连用时，将join改成be in或be a member in…。
　　五、运用不同引语进行转换
　　即将直接引语变为间接引语或将间接引语转换成直接引语。此时还要注意相关时态、人称、动词、状语等相应的变化。如：
　　1. “I’ve found my wallet,” he said to me.
　　 He _________ me that he _________ _________ his wallet.
　　分析：答案为told，had found。此题是将直接引语转换成间接引语。
　　2. “Did you see her last week?” he said.
　　He _______ _______ I had seen her the week _______.
　　分析：答案为asked if/ whether, before。此题是将疑问句的直接引语转换成间接引语。
　　六、运用简单句与复合句之间的转换
　　即将简单句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的简单句。如：
　　 1. We didn’t go out for a walk because it was raining.
　　We didn’t go out for a walk _______ _______ the rain.
　　分析：答案为because of。将原因状语从句because it was raining改为表示原因的介词短语because of the rain。
　　2. He was so excited that he couldn’t go to sleep.
　　He was ______ ______ ______ go to sleep.
　　分析：答案为too excited to。将so…that…换成too…to…结构，原句的that从句为结果状语从句，改写句中的不定式仍表结果。
　　3. Now I will show you how to do the work.
　　 Now I will show you ______ ______ ______ do the work.
　　分析：答案为how you can。即将原句中的“疑问词+不定式”结构转换成宾语从句。
　　 4. You should put them back after you use them.
　　You should put them back _____ _____ them.
　　分析：答案为after using。即将after引导的状语从句改写为after引导的介词短语。
　　七、运用并列句与复合句之间的转换
　　即将并列句变成同义的复合句或将复合句变成同义的并列句。如：
　　 1. Come on, or we’ll miss the early bus.
　　 ____ we ____ hurry, we’ll miss the early bus.
　　 分析：答案为If，don’t。if引导条件状语从句。
　　2. The man gave us a talk last week. Now he will give us another talk this week.
　　 The man _____ gave us a talk last week _____ _____ us another talk this week.
　　分析：答案为who/ that，will give。who/ that gave us a talk last week为定语从句，修饰先行词the man。
　　八、运用关联连词连接或合并句子
　　即运用关联连词both…and…，neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…等将两个简单句合并为一个简单句。此时要注意的是，both…and…连接两个主语时，谓语总是用复数，而neither…nor…，either…or…，not only…but also…连接两个主语时，谓语动词通常应与靠近的主语保持一致。如：
　　 1. Tom can’t speak Japanese well and Jim can’t, either.
　　 ______ Tom ______ Jim can speak Japanese well.
　　分析：答案填Neither，nor。neither…nor…表示“……和……（两者）都不”，刚好与原句的两个否定结构的意思相吻合。
　　2. Alice has read the book and Peter has read it, too.
　　 ______ Alice ______ Peter have read the book.
　　分析：答案为Both，and。both…and…的意思是“……和……（两者）都”。
　　3. This store sells men’s shoes, and it also sells men’s clothes.
　　This store sells ______ ______ men’s shoes ______ ______ men’s clothes.
　　 分析：答案为not only，but also。表示“不仅……而且……”之意。
　　九、利用某些典型句式或结构进行转换
　　这类典型结构如so…that…，too…to…，enough to，not…until…，so do I等。如：
　　 1. Jim wants to go boating and his parents want to go boating, too.
　　 Jim wants to go boating, and ______ ______ his parents.
　 　分析：答案为so do。句意为“……他的父母也一样（一样想去）”。
　　2. John went to bed after he finished his homework.
　　John ______ go to bed ______ he finished his homework.

初中英语听力提高4宝典
　　1. 阅读选项，快速抢读试题，积极进行预测，带着问题去听。

　　选项是听力理解的关键，它可以帮助我们预测将要听到的材料的内容，也可提示所听的重点。因此，在短暂的时间内分析和对比选项的不同之处非常重要。例如：

　　1）A. On Sunday             B. On Monday            C. On Saturday

　　2）A .Mary                  B. Tim                  C. Tom

　　3）A. interesting           B. difficult            C. easy

　　4）A. to get home earlier

　　B. to take more exercise

　　C. to save more money

　　2. 善于抓住关键词句，重视全文理解

　　捕捉信息重点是听力测试中的重要一环，不少人听力差的根本原因就是听录音时抓不住重点，只是盲目地逐字逐句地听，这样往往会产生捡了芝麻丢了西瓜的现象。

　　一般来说，我们可将测试重点归结为以wh疑问句所表示的意义上。通过阅读对比选项，预测短文内容及重点后，着意听出关键词语及结论性语言，而不必追求逐字逐句地听懂和翻译。学会抓住关键词，就会引起对某个情景或情节的回忆，而关键词本身就含着重要的信息。   听时重点要放在实词上，注意力要放在与问题相关的信息词上，像well, unfortunately, however, but等起导向作用的词，其后的内容必须留心。听对话时，要多注意答语的内容和语气，绝大部分信息都在答语中，且往往与答题有关；听独白时要重视首句，它常常是对短文内容的概括。

　　3．善于跳越难点，充分利用重复信息

　　在练习听力时，一些同学非常紧张，唯恐漏掉一个词。可是同学们要知道我们自身的英语水平、听时的紧张心理经常使我们无法完全听清每一词，这给部分同学造成很大的心理负担，而这种心理又会影响大家以后的听力练习。

　　听的时候，注意力要紧跟说话人的思路，有些同学往往在碰到听不懂的单词时停下来，想弄清楚这个单词的意思后再往下听，这种方法是不正确的。听到不懂的生词或有听不清的地方是正常的事，在这种情况下，要当机立断，毫不犹豫地大胆跳过去，接着往下听。有的时候，我们可以通过上下文猜测到该单词的大意，因为一般说来，对话中的词句，尤其是重要的词语，往往会以其他形式在对话中重现，我们称之为“多余信息的重现”，我们要克服恐惧心理，培养这种跳越难点，从上下文判断词意的能力。

　　4. 学会边听边记，防止遗忘

　　听力测试中，尤其是听短文时，听清楚或是听懂全部内容是比较难的，同时完全准确地记住全部信息也不容易，因此适当记录是有必要的，我经常对学生们讲“好记性还不如烂笔头呢”。这里需强调指出的是听力测试中的“记”应是速记，而不是听写，速记时要使用自己认识的最简便的，最迅速的办法，例如，字母、缩写符号甚至中文或只有自己才能辨认的符号。

一般将来时专练
一、单项选择。
( ) 1. There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.
A. will be going to B. will going to be C. is going to be D. will go to be
( ) 2. Charlie ________ here next month.
A. isn’t working B. doesn’t working C. isn’t going to working D. won’t work
( ) 3. He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.
A. will be; is B. is; is C. will be; will be D. is; will be
( ) 4. There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.
A. was B. is going to have C. will have D. is going to be
( ) 5. –________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No. I ________ free the day after tomorrow.
A. Are; going to; will B. Are; going to be; will
C. Are; going to; will be D. Are; going to be; will be
( ) 6. Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.
A. will gives B. will give C. gives D. give
( ) 7. – Shall I buy a cup of tea for you? –________. （不，不要。）
A. No, you won’t. B. No, you aren’t. C. No, please don’t. D. No, please.
( ) 8. – Where is the morning paper? – I ________ if for you at once.
A. get B. am getting C. to get D. will get
( ) 9. ________ a concert next Saturday?
A. There will be B. Will there be C. There can be D. There are
( ) 10. If they come, we ________ a meeting.
A. have B. will have C. had D. would have
( ) 11. He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.
A. gives B. gave C. will giving D. is going to giving
( ) 12. He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.
A. writes B. has written C. will write D. wrote
( ) 13. He ________ in three days.
A. coming back B. came back C. will come back D. is going to coming back
( ) 14. If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.
A. isn’t rain B. won’t rain C. doesn’t rain D. doesn’t fine
( ) 15. – Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? – No, ________ （不去）.
A. they willn’t. B. they won’t. C. they aren’t. D. they don’t.
( ) 16. Who ________ we ________ swimming with tomorrow afternoon?
A. will; go B. do; go C. will; going D. shall; go
( ) 17. We ________ the work this way next time.
A. do B. will do C. going to do D. will doing
( ) 18. Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park.
A. will fly; will go B. will fly; goes C. is going to fly; will goes D. flies; will go
( ) 19. The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.
A. will watching B. watches C. is watching D. is going to watch
( ) 20. There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.
A. shall be B. will be C. shall going to be D. will going to be
( ) 21. They ________ an English evening next Sunday.
A. are having B. are going to have C. will having D. is going to have
( ) 22. ________ you ________ free next Sunday?
A. Will; are B. Will; be C. Do; be D. Are; be
( ) 23. He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.
A. will B. is C. will be D. be
( ) 24. ________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library?
A. Are; going to borrow B. Is; going to borrow
C. Will; borrows D. Are; going to borrows
( ) 25. – Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? –________ （好的）.
A. Yes, please B. Yes, you will. C. No, please. D. No, you won’t.
( ) 26. It ________ the year of the horse next year.
A. is going to be B. is going to C. will be D. will is
( ) 27. ________ open the window?
A. Will you please B. Please will you C. You please D. Do you
( ) 28. – Let’s go out to play football, shall we? – OK. I ________.
A. will coming B. be going to come C. come D. am coming
( ) 29. It ________ us a long time to learn English well.
A. takes B. will take C. spends D. will spend
( ) 30. The train ____ at 11.
A. going to arrive B. will be arrive C. is going to D. is arriving

二、动词填空。
1. I ______（leave）in a minute. I ______（finish）all my work before I ______ （leave）.
2. —How long _____ you _____（study）in our country?
—I _____（plan）to be here for about one more year.
—I _____（hope）to visit the other parts of your country.
—What ______ you ______（do）after you ______（leave）here?
—I ______（return）home and ______（get）a job.
3. I ______（be）tired. I ______（go）to bed early tonight.
4. Mary’s birthday is next Monday, her mother _____（give）her a present.
5. It is very cold these days. It ______（snow）soon.
6. —_____ you _____（be）here this Saturday? —No. I ______（visit）my teacher.
7. —______ I ______（get）you a copy of today’s newspaper? —Thank you.
8. I am afraid there ______（be）a meeting this afternoon. I can’t join you.
9. Mike ______（believe, not）this until he ______（see）it with his own eyes.
10. Most of us don’t think their team ______（win）.

三、句型转换。
1. People in the north often go skating in winter. （next winter）
2. There are two cinemas in that town. （next year）
3. He comes back late.（in two days）
4. She is a conductor of a train.（soon）
5. Li Ming is ten years old.（next year）
6. I sometimes write to my mother in the evening.（tonight）
7. He went there by plane.（some day next year）
8. China is a modern and strong country.（in twenty years）
9. Do you study hard?（from now on）
10. She didn’t speak English at the meeting.（before long）
一般将来时专项练习参考答案：
一、单项选择。
1. C 2. D 3. D 4.D 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D
9. B 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. C 15. B 16. D
17. B 18. A 19. D 20. B 21. B 22. B 23. C 24. B
25. A 26. A 27. A 28. D 29. B 30. D
二、动词填空。
1. am leaving ; will finish ; leave
2. will ; study ; plan ; hope ; will ; do ; leave ; will return ; get
3. am ; will 4. will give 5. will snow
6. Will , be ; will visit 7. Shall ; get
8. will be 9. won’t believe ; sees 10. will win
三、句型转换。
1. People in the north will go skating next winter.
2. There will be two cinemas in that town next year.
3. He will come back late in two days.
4. She will be a conductor of a train soon.
5. Li Ming will be ten years old next year.
6. I will write to my mother tonight.
7. He will go there by plane some day next year.
8. China will be a modern and strong country in twenty years.
9. Will you study hard from now on?
10. She won’t speak English at the meeting before long.

初中英语语法之形容词比较级和最高级讲练和答案
形容词比较级
　　(一)一般句式的构成： A + is / are+ 形容词比较级+ than + B
　　A 是主格 B 是宾格
　　如： She is taller than me.
　　主格 形容词比较级 宾格
　　（二）英语形容词比较级的构成
　　英语形容词比较等级有三个：原级，比较级和最高级。
　　形容词比较等级形式变化有规则的和不规则的两种。
　　规则变化
　　1）单音节词末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）
　　【例】 原级 比较级 最高级
　　great greater greatest
　　small smaller smallest
　　clean cleaner cleanest
　　2）单音节如以e结尾，只加-r（比较级），-st（最高级）
　　【例】 fine finer finest
　　wide
　　wide wider widest
　　3）闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）
　　【例】 big bigger biggest
　　hot hotter hottest
　　red redder reddest
　　4）少数以-y，-er，ow，-ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加-er（比较级），-est（最高级）。以-y结尾的词，如-y前是辅音字母，则变y为-i，再加-er和-est。以-e结尾的词只加-r和-st。
　　【例】 clever cleverer cleverest
　　narrow narrower narrowest
　　able abler ablest
　　easy easier easiest
　　5）其它双音节和多音节词皆在前面加单词more和most。
　　【例】 careful more careful most careful
　　difficult more difficult most difficult
　　delicious more delicious most delicious
　　不规则变化
　　原级 比较级 最高级
　　good/well better best
　　bad worse worst
　　many/much more most
　　little less least
　　far farther/further farthest/furthest
　　注：有些形容词一般没有比较等级。如： right, wrong, woolen等。
　　形容词的比较等级的用法：比较级用于二者的比较。
　　【例】 Li Ping is older than Wang Hai. 李平比王海年纪大。
　　There are more students in Class One than in Class Two.一班比二班学生多。
　　二、 形容词各等级的用法：
　　1、 原级（同级）比较：as…as…; not as(so)…as…
　　We’ll give you as much help as we can.
　　She isn’t as(so)active in sports as before.
　　2. 比较级：表示两者之间比…… 更……可用状语much, a little, even等修饰： He made fewer mistakes than I did.
　　He is even richer than I.
　　3、 高级：形容词最高级前必须加the, 副词最高级前常省略the，后面多用of……， in……短语表示范围：
　　It was the most/least interesting story I have ever listened.
　　He is the tallest of th