-新仁爱版英语八年级上册unit2重点短语与句子.doc

Unit2 Topic1 You should brush your teeth twice a day.
一. 重点短语：
1. see a dentist 看牙医 see a doctor 看病
2. have a (bad/ terrible) cold感冒
have a fever/cough/headache/toothache/backache/stomachache
发烧/咳嗽/头痛/牙痛/背痛/胃痛
have the flu 得了流感
3. at night 在夜晚 in the evening 在傍晚
4. drink enough boiled water 喝大量的水 boiled water 开水
5. lift heavy things 举重物
6. stay in bed 卧床休息
7. have a good sleep 好好睡一觉
8. take/have some medicine 服药
9. have a rest 休息 have a good rest 好好休息
10. brush one’s teeth 刷牙
11. too much+不可数名词 too many+可数名词复数 "太多"
too long 太久 much too 太
12. lie down 躺下
13. something new 新的事物
14. go up 上升
15. fall down 摔倒
16. run to sb 跑向某人
17. have an accident 发生事故
18. feel terrible 感觉不太好
19. look after=take care of 照顾
look after well=take good care of 好好照顾
20. be careful 小心
21. ask for one week’s / two weeks’ leave 请求一/两周的假
22. return to +地点 回到某地
23. Don’t worry.别担心 worry about…=be worried about… 担心...
24. nothing serious 没什么大碍
25. have a rest=take a rest 休息 have a good rest 好好休息
26. follow the doctors advice 遵从医嘱 follow one’s advice 遵从某人的建议
27. feel like doing sth=want to do sth=would like to do sth 想要做某事
28. ask sb to do sth 要求某人做某事 tell sb to do sth 告诉某人做某事
30.take sb. to sp. 带某人去某地
31.feel like doing sth=want to do sth=would like to so sth 想要做某事
32.help sb. with sth. = help sb. (to) do sth.
二. 重点句型：
1. You don’t look well. 你看起来不太好
2. What’s wrong with you/ him/ her?=What’s the matter with you/ him/ her?
你/他/她怎么了？
3. I’m sorry to hear that. 听到她我很抱歉
4. I hope you’ll get well soon.我希望你快点好起来。
5. I’m feeling terrible. 我感觉不太好。
6. How long have you been like this? 你像这样多久了？
7. How are you feeling now? 现在感觉怎么样？
Are you feeling better now? Yes, much better.
8. Not so well. Not too bad.
9. What should I do? 我该怎么办？ 征求建议。
10. It’s nothing serious. 不严重。
11. How should I take the pills/medicine?我应该怎样服这药？
三. 知识点击：
1. What’s wrong with you?What’s the matter with you?你怎么了？
一般用于询问对方的病情霍其它不适状况。是医生问诊的常用语。也可用来询问某人生气或不高兴的原因。
What’s wrong with her/him?
2. I have a toothache.我牙痛。 我们以前学过have"有吃，"喝的意思而在此句中与表示疾病的词一起表示"得了...病"。常用的还有：
have a cold感冒
have a fever/cough/headache/toothache/backache/stomachache
发烧/咳嗽/头痛/牙痛/背痛/胃痛
have the flu 得了流感
3. I’m sorry to hear that. 听到那件事，我感到很难过。
"I’m sorry+动词不定式"或"I’m sorry +that 从句"是对所做错事的一种歉意或听到不好消息及令人不愉快的事情时的一种关心，遗憾，惋惜，及感到难过的委婉表达。
4. 表示建议，劝告的句型：
should+动原 "应该..."
shouldn’t+动原 "不应该..."
had better do(动原) sth 最后做某事
had better not do(动原) sth 最好不要做某事
should 和had better 都是情态动词，都可用于提出建议或劝告。无人称和数的变化。
(1)你应该去看牙医。You should see a dentist.
(2) 你不应该举重物。You shouldn’t lift heavy things.
(3) 你最好卧床休息。You’d better stay in bed.
(4) 你最好不要吃太多的糖。You’d better not eat too much candy.
5. I don’t feel like eating. 我不想吃东西。
feel like "想要"通常后跟名词，代词，动名词。
feel like doing sth=want to do sth=would like to so sth 想要做某事
6. I’m going to try something new. 我要尝试一些新花样。
something new "一些新的事物"
something,anything,nothing等都是不定代词，当形容词修饰不定代词时，修饰词要放在这些不定代词的后面。
nothing serious 不太严重
something interesting 有趣的事
Unit 2 Topic 2  I must ask him to give up smoking?
一、重点词组:
1.look tired                     看起来很累
2.watch a soccer game on TV      在电视上观看一场足球赛          
3.stay up (  late )                   熬夜
4.go to bed early and get up early 早睡早起
5.be bad/good for… 对……有害/益 
6.do morning/eye exercises 做早操眼/保健操
7.do exercise=do/play sports 做运动/锻炼
8.give up (doing) sth 放弃（干）…
9take/have a walk 散步
10.wash hands before meals 饭前洗手
11.go to school without breakfast 不吃早饭去上学
12.ask sb. (not) to do sth. 叫某人（不）干某事
13.be necessary for…              对于……来说是必不可少的
14.keep you active                使你保持精力旺盛
15.in/during the day                在白天
16.throw litter about               乱扔垃圾
17.show sth. To sb. = show sb. Sth. 把某物拿给某人看
18. be careful (not) to do sth 小心（不）干
19.make sb. do sth. 使某人干…
19.force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人干…
20.feel better 感觉好些了
21.be surprised to do sth. 惊奇于做….
22.read in the sun 在阳光下看书
23.help sb. relax 有助某人放松
24. as soon as possible尽快地…
do sth .as soon as possible 尽可能快的做某事
as …as possible 尽量…地
They must give up smoking as soon as possible. 他们必须尽快戒烟。
25.as soon as …一…就…
26.in fact 事实上，实际上
27.feel weak 感到无力、虚弱
28.enough sleep /money 足够的睡眠/钱
strong/old enough 足够强壮/ 大
29.our/ your/their health 我们的/你的/他们的健康 （物主代词+名词）
keep us/him/her healthy 保持我们/他/她健康
make us/him/her healthy 使我们/他/她健康 (keep/make+宾+adj)
30.put litter into the dustbin 把垃圾放进垃圾箱
31. not only…but also… 不仅而且
二、重点句型
1. Staying up late is bad for your health. 熬夜有害你的健康.(动名词短语做主语)
Going to bed early is good for our health.早睡觉对我们的健康有益。
2.Is going to bed early good or bad for your health? It’s good.
早点睡觉对你的健康有益还是有害? 有益. (选择问句不能用yes/no回答)
3.Walking is good exercise and it is necessary for good health.
散步是很好的锻炼,对身体健康必不可少的.
4.It will keep you active during the day. 它将使你在白天保持旺盛的精力.
5.You must not throw litter about. = Don’t throw litter about. 不要乱扔垃圾.
6.I must ask him to give up smoking. 我必须叫他放弃抽烟
三. 重点语言点
1.  be good for…   对……有益  
be bad for…    对……有害
如:  Swimming is good for health.     游泳对健康有益.
Reading in strong sunlight is bad for the eyes. 在强烈的阳光下看书对眼睛有害.
2.exercise 的用法：
①.作名词：1).“运动、训练、锻炼”，为不可数名词。
           2).“练习、习题、体操（常用复数形式）”，为可数名词。
Walking is good exercise. 散步是很好的锻炼.
You should take more exercise and drink more water.
We do morning exercises every day ,but we don’t do eye exercises .
Please do the exercises at once.请马上做这些练习
②.动词：锻炼、运动
The old man always exercises every day.
3.enough  adj. “足够的”  
⑴修饰名词时, 既可放在名词之前, 也可放在名词之后.(但通常放在名词之前)
如:① I have enough time/ time enough to finish this work.
我有足够的时间完成这项工作.
② There is enough food in the fridge. 冰箱里有足够的食物.
③There are enough people / people enough to do the work.
⑵adv. “足够地”  修饰形容词或副词时, 均放在所修饰词的后面.
如: ① He is tall enough to get the apple. 他足够高,能够得着苹果.
②If you get up early enough, you will catch the bus
⑶ John got ____last night, so he’s ____to study today.
A.enough sleep; enough active B.enough sleep;active enough
C.sleep enough;active enough D.sleep enough; enough active
4．too much + 不可数名词   表“太多的… ”
much too + 形容词        表“太…”，much 起加强语气作用
如：Don’t eat too much meat. 不要吃太多的肉。
    He is much too fat.  他实在太胖了。   
四.重点语法：
情态动词: 有其自身含义表示某种说话者的一种情绪和态度。但它词义不完整，不能单独作谓语，后必跟动原，情态动词通常没有人称和数的变化。
1. must   必须(表义务或责任) ，一定（表推测） 
如: We must study hard.   我们必须努力学习.
You practicing speaking English every day.You must like English very much.
mustn’t 不许，不准，一定不要(表禁止)  
如: You mustn’t throw litter around.  你们不准乱扔垃圾。
2. should   “应该”      如: We should finish it on time.  我们应该按时完成它.
shouldn’t  “不该”     如: You shouldn’t go to school late. 你不该上学迟到.
3.had better  “最好”       如：You had better go to bed early.你最好早睡。
   had better not “最好不”   如：You had better not go to bed late.
你最好不要迟睡。
4.may   “可以” 表请求允许      如: May I come in?  我可以进来吗?
“可能”  表推测    如: You may get a headache when you work too hard.
              当你工作太努力时,你可能会头疼.
5.can 能，表能力，过去式could can you play the piano？
表请求允许Can/ Could you show me the way？
可能，表推测 It can be more dangerous.
Can’t 不能、不可能、不会 We can’t live without air.
It can’t be him ,he is in Shanghai now.
Topic 3  Must we exercise to prevent the flu?
一、重点词组:
1.go ahead = go on                           干吧
2.do/try one’s best to do sth                尽力做某事
3.keep away from                      远离
4.do some cleaning                            打扫除，搞卫生
5.go to crowded places                       去拥挤的地方
6.all the time = always                       总是/一直
7.take a message                              捎口信
8. leave a message                             留口信
9.give sb the message 给某人捎口信
10.teach oneself                              自学
11.enjoy oneself                              过得愉快
12.hurt oneself  伤到某人自己
13.try to do sth. 尽力/试图干…
14.build sb. up                           增强某人体质
15.instead of（doing ）sth.  代替(做)）sth
16..on the phone/Internet                    在电话中/在互联网上
17.keep the air and fresh      保持空气清新
18.have /has / had to 不得不，必须 
19.tell/ask sb.(not) to do sth                  叫某人（别）做某事
20. give a talk 作报告
21. on time 按时
22.ring sb. up =call sb. 给某人打电话
23.ask sb for help 向某人请求帮助
24. eating habits   饮食习惯
25.on one hand , …on the other hand … 一方面…….., 另一方面…….
26. stop doing sth 停止做某事
27.right now =now 现在
28.work on the Internet (too long)  上网 （太长时间 ）
29. advise sb to do sth.   建议某人做某事 
30.change our clothes often 勤换衣服
32.take/follow one’s advice 采纳某人的建议
33.with the help of…=with one’s help 在某人的帮助下
34. help sb (to) do sth = help sb. with sth.  帮助某人做某事
35.stay/keep heathy 保持健康
二、重点句子
1.电话用语:
Hello! Could /May I speak to…, please? 你好! 我能跟……通话吗?
Hello, I’d like to speak to ….
May I take/leave a message?  我能捎/留个口信吗?
This is Kangkang. 我是康康.
Hello! Who’s that? 你好! 你是谁?
 I’ll give him/ herthe message.我将把这个信捎给他/她              
2.What should we do to prevent the flu?
First, we should exercise often to build us up. Second, we should keep our rooms clean and the air fresh all the time. Third, we should wash our hands and change our clothes often. Finally, we should keep away from crowded places.
3.How to keep healthy?
First,you need to have healthy eating habits. Second , playing sports can also help you keep fit. Third, happiness is important for your health.It is the best medicine. Fourth, you must stay away from smoking and drinking./You should say no to smoking and drinking.
三、重点语言点
1. The more exercise , the better.  越多锻炼，越好。
2.---Must we exercise to prevent the flu ? --- Yes, we must.  
---No, we don’t have to. / No, we needn’t .   
3.-May I ask you some questions？
-Sure,go ahead.当然可以，请问吧！ ahead 意思是向前，这里的go ahead原意为向前走，在这里译作继续问问题，相当于go on二、重点句型
4.Can I take a message?我能为您梢个口信吗？
 take a message 捎口信    leave a message 留口信 
give a message to --------给某人一个口信
5.I taught myself on the Internet. 我在网上自学。 
teach oneself自学，近义词组为： learn by oneself
6. on the Internet 在网络上。介词on用来表示在网上、电视上、收音机里、电话里。如：  on the phone， on the radio ，on TV
四、 语法学习
 反身代词:宾语与主语实同一人物时才用
1.反身代词的形式 单数   复数    myself    ourselves / yourself   yourselves / himself  herself       itself   themselves
2、反身代词的用法 
1）“by+反身代词”表示“单独地，独自一人地”。如： 
The boy couldn`t make the model plane by himself.
那个男孩不能独自制作飞机模型。
 2）反身代词常与一些动词连用。 
背会常用的反身代词词组:
take care of oneself = look after oneself  照顾某人自己
teach oneself = learn… by oneself  自学
enjoy oneself = have a good time  玩得高兴
help yourself/yourselves to… 随便吃
hurt oneself 伤着自己
如:Jane teaches herself English.=  Jane learns  English by herself.
简自学英语。 
Lily fell down and hurt herself yesterday. 昨天莉莉跌倒并伤着自己了。
Help yourself to some strawberries,please.请随便吃些草莓。 
They enjoyed themselves at the party last night.
昨晚在晚会上他们玩得很开心。 
3）反身代词作名词或代词的同位语时起加强语气的作用，可译为“亲自，本人”。如： You `d better ask your teacher about it yourself.你最好亲自去问你的老师。
五、词法淘宝区
1.keep的用法：
⑴ .keep +adj  表示保持某种状态
Keep quiet, The baby is sleeping .
⑵.keep +sb/sth +adj 表示使某人保持某种状态
We must keep our classroom clean . keep the window open/closed
⑶.keep doing sth . 表示不间断地持续做某事或一直做某事。
It kept raining all night . Keep trying.
⑷.keep on doing sth 表示反复做某事。
He kept on making the same mistakes.
⑸.keep +sb +doing sth 表示让某人一直做某事。
He kept us waiting for an hour .
⑹.keep +sb from +doing sth 表示阻止某人干某事。
= stop sb (from )doing sth = prevent sb (from )doing sth .
Because of the heavy rain , we could go to school.= The heavy rain prevented us from going to school.
2. instead  “替代;相反”, 一般单独使用,放在句末,前面用逗号隔开. 
instead of…“替代……;而不……,相反” 
如: I won’t go to Shanghai. I’ll go to Beijing, instead.
= I’ll go to Beijing instead of Shanghai. 
 我不会去上海而会去北京.    
   I drank a lot of milk instead of water. 我喝了许多牛奶而不是水
六  情态动词: must 与 have to
① must 　　　＂必须;一定”, 表示有做某一动作的必要或义务,侧重表达说话者的主观看法.（只有一种时态）
如：We must wash hands before meals. 饭前我们必须洗手.
              We must eat healthy food. 我们必须吃健康的食物.

② have to 　　“不得不,必须”, 侧重表示因客观条件或客观环境的迫使而＂不 得不做某事＂．（可用于各种时态）
如：It’s too late. I have to go now. 太迟了.现在我得走了.
                I had to borrow some money at that time. 那时我不得不借了一些钱.
*----Must we keep the windows open all the time?
----No, we don’t have to. / No, we needn’t.  (注意回答时不能用No, we mustn’t.)